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Malmgren L, Öberg C, den Bakker E, Leion F, Siódmiak J, Åkesson A, Lindström V, Herou E, Dardashti A, Xhakollari L, Grubb G, Strevens H, Abrahamson M, Helmersson-Karlqvist J, Magnusson M, Björk J, Nyman U, Ärnlöv J, Ridefelt P, Åkerfeldt T, Hansson M, Sjöström A, Mårtensson J, Itoh Y, Grubb D, Tenstad O, Hansson LO, Olafsson I, Campos AJ, Risch M, Risch L, Larsson A, Nordin G, Pottel H, Christensson A, Bjursten H, Bökenkamp A, Grubb A. The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation. J Intern Med 2023; 293:293-308. [PMID: 36385445 PMCID: PMC10107454 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by the identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterized by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules <1 kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate, for example water, urea and creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterized by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Malmgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl Öberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil den Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia Leion
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanna Siódmiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun), Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Åkesson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Veronica Lindström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Herou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alain Dardashti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Liana Xhakollari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Grubb
- Department of Radiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Strevens
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Abrahamson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jonas Björk
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Nyman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Radiology, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Family Medicine and Primary Care Unit, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Peter Ridefelt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Sjöström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Mårtensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yoshihisa Itoh
- Clinical Laboratory, Eiju General Hospital, Life Extension Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Grubb
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olav Tenstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars-Olov Hansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Araceli Jarquin Campos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Martin Risch
- Central Laboratory, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.,University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital and University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hans Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Anders Christensson
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Bjursten
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arend Bökenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Xhakollari L, Grubb A, Jujic A, Bachus E, Nilsson PM, Leosdottir M, Christensson A, Magnusson M. The Shrunken pore syndrome is associated with poor prognosis and lower quality of life in heart failure patients: the HARVEST-Malmö study. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3577-3586. [PMID: 34382359 PMCID: PMC8497365 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate the association between the ‘Shrunken pore syndrome’ (SPS) and risk of death, 30 day rehospitalization, and health‐related quality of life (QoL) in heart failure (HF) patients. SPS is characterized by a difference in renal filtration between cystatin C and creatinine, resulting in a low eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio. Methods and results A total of 373 patients hospitalized for HF [mean age 74.8 (±12.1) years; 118 (31.6%) women] were retrieved from the HeARt and brain failure inVESTigation trial (HARVEST‐Malmö). Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) formulas were used for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Presence of SPS was defined as eGFRcystatin C ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine. In Cox regression multivariate models, associations between SPS, risk of death (median follow‐up time 1.8 years), and risk of 30 day rehospitalization were studied. Associations between SPS and impaired QoL were studied using multivariate logistic regressions. In multivariate models, SPS was associated with all‐cause mortality [124 events; hazard ratio (HR) 1.99; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.23–3.21; P = 0.005] and with 30 day rehospitalization (70 events; HR 1.82; CI 95% 1.04–3.18; P = 0.036). Analyses of QoL, based on a Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall score < 50, revealed that SPS was associated with higher risk of low health‐related QoL (odds ratios 2.15; CI 95% 1.03–4.49; P = 0.042). Conclusions The results of this observational study show for the first time an association between SPS and poor prognosis in HF. Further studies are needed to confirm the results in HF cohorts and experimental settings to identify pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Xhakollari
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amra Jujic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, Malmö, SE 205 02, Sweden
| | - Erasmus Bachus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margret Leosdottir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, Malmö, SE 205 02, Sweden
| | - Anders Christensson
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, Malmö, SE 205 02, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Xhakollari L, Grubb A, Jujic A, Bachus E, Nilsson PM, Leosdottir M, Christensson A, Magnusson M. MO131THE SHRUNKEN PORE SYNDROME IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS AND LOWER QUALITY OF LIFE IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS- THE HARVEST-MALMÖ STUDY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab092.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
The cardiorenal syndrome was studied in heart failure (HF) patients with respect to the “Shrunken pore syndrome” (SPS) that is characterized by a difference in renal filtration between cystatin C and creatinine, resulting in a low eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine-ratio.
Method
373 patients hospitalized for HF were retrieved from the HeARt and brain failure inVESTigation trial (HARVEST-Malmö). We used CKD-EPI formulas for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Presence of SPS was defined as eGFRcystatinC ≤60% of eGFRcreatinine. In Cox regression multivariate models, associations between SPS, risk of death and risk of 30-day re-hospitalization were studied. Associations between SPS and impaired quality of life (QoL) were studied using multivariate logistic regressions.
Results
SPS was associated with all-cause mortality (124 events; hazard ratio (HR) 2.35; confidence interval (CI95%) 1.17-4.71; p=0.016 and with 30-day re-hospitalization (70 events; HR 1.82; CI95% 1.04-3.18; p=0.036). Analyses of QoL, based on a Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall score <50, revealed that SPS was associated with increased risk of low health-related QoL (odds ratios (OR) 2.15 (CI95% 1.03-4.49; p=0.042).
Conclusion
The results of this observational study show for the first time an association between SPS and poor prognosis in HF. Further studies are needed to confirm the results in HF cohorts and experimental settings to identify pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Xhakollari
- Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden, Department of nephrology, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Grubb
- Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Chemistry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amra Jujic
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Margret Leosdottir
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Christensson
- Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden, Department of nephrology, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicin, Sweden
- North West University, Hypertension in Africa Research Team, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Xhakollari L, Jujic A, Molvin J, Nilsson PM, Holm H, Bachus E, Leosdottir M, Grubb A, Christensson A, Magnusson M. MO071PROTEINS LINKED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CELL PROLIFERATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SHRUNKEN PORE SYNDROME IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab078.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
The “Shrunken pore syndrome” is characterized by a difference in renal filtration between cystatin C and creatinine resulting in a low eGFRcystatinC/eGFRcreatinine-ratio, and studies have demonstrated a high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for patients with shrunken pore syndrome. In this observational study, we explored associations between shrunken pore syndrome and proteins implicated in cardiovascular disease and inflammation in patients with heart failure.
Method
Plasma samples from 300 individuals HARVEST-Malmö trial hospitalized for the diagnosis of heart failure (mean age 75 years; 30% female), were analyzed with a proximity extension assay consisting of 92 proteins, to identify proteins associated with shrunken pore syndrome. Shrunken pore syndrome was defined as eGFRcystatinC ≤60% of eGFRcreatinine. Proteins associated with shrunken pore syndrome in the initial age and sex-adjusted analyses (Bonferroni-corrected p≤ 5.4x10-4) were further adjusted for relevant covariates.
Results
In multivariate analyses, Shrunken pore syndrome was associated with elevated levels of six proteins; scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, osteoprotegerin, interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha, and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (p<0.05).
Conclusion
In heart failure patients, shrunken pore syndrome was independently associated with proteins linked to atherosclerosis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Xhakollari
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Nephrology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Amra Jujic
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John Molvin
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Hannes Holm
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Margret Leosdottir
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Grubb
- Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Chemistry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Christensson
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Nephrology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Lund University, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Cardiology, Malmö, Sweden
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Xhakollari L, Jujic A, Molvin J, Nilsson P, Holm H, Bachus E, Leosdottir M, Grubb A, Christensson A, Magnusson M. Proteins linked to atherosclerosis and cell proliferation are associated with the shrunken pore syndrome in heart failure patients: Shrunken pore syndrome and proteomic associations. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 15:e2000089. [PMID: 33682349 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The "Shrunken pore syndrome" (SPS) is characterized by a difference in renal filtration between cystatin C and creatinine, resulting in a low eGFRcystatinC /eGFRcreatinine -ratio. Studies have demonstrated a high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for patients with SPS. In this discovery study, we explored associations between SPS and proteins implicated in cardiovascular disease and inflammation in patients with heart failure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma samples from 300 individuals in HARVEST-Malmö trial hospitalized for the diagnosis of heart failure (mean age 74.9 ± 11.5 years; 30.0% female), were analyzed with a proximity extension assay consisting of 92 proteins. A Bonferroni-corrected p-value of 0.05/92 = 5.4 × 10-4 was considered significant in the initial age and sex-adjusted analyses. Presence of SPS was defined as eGFRcystatinC ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine . RESULTS SPS presented with significant associations (p < 5.4 × 10-4 ) in age and sex-adjusted logistic regressions with elevated levels of six proteins; scavenger receptor cysteine rich type 1 protein M130, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, osteoprotegerin, interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha, and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO. All proteins remained associated (p < 0.05) with SPS after multivariate adjustments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In heart failure patients, SPS was associated with proteins linked to atherosclerosis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Xhakollari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Amra Jujic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Skane University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John Molvin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Skane University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannes Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Skane University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erasmus Bachus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margret Leosdottir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Skane University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Christensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Skane University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University Potchefstroom, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Xhakollari L, Leosdottir M, Magnusson M, Holzmann M, Nilsson P, Christensson A. Echocardiographic Findings in Patients with Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease without Symptomatic Heart Failure: A Population-Based Study. Cardiorenal Med 2019; 9:284-296. [DOI: 10.1159/000499835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal dysfunction is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but early disease states in both organs are poorly studied. Objective: This cross-sectional population-based study aims to investigate if there is an early association between kidney function and echocardiographic markers of cardiac structure and diastolic function. Methods: The study population consisted of 1,504 individuals with no prior history of congestive heart failure or asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on cystatin C >15 mL/min/1.73 m2. The participants were categorized according to eGFR ≥90, 75–89, 60–74, 45–59, 30–44, and 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2. We evaluated associations between eGFR categories and echocardiographic findings specific to cardiac structure and diastolic function. Results: Associations between eGFR categories and echocardiographic findings were found for left atrium area/body surface area (p = 0.013) indicating structural changes, and peak early mitral valve velocity (A; p = 0.003), peak late atrial mitral valve velocity/peak systolic myocardial velocity at mitral annulus in the lateral wall (E/Élat; p = 0.002), É mean of lateral and septal wall/Á mean of lateral and septal wall (mean É/Á; p = 0.027) indicating diastolic dysfunction. Associations between E/Élat and mean É/Á and eGFR categories were already present in individuals with eGFR 45–60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In sex-specific analysis these associations were only significant among men. Conclusion: A significant association between mild to moderate impairment of renal function and echocardiographic markers of cardiac structure and diastolic function was observed, supporting the hypothesis that interaction between the kidney and heart exists even in the early stages of renal impairment.
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Xhakollari L, Leósdóttir M, Holzmann M, Nilsson P, Christensson A. SP062ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY IMPARMENT IN RENAL FUNCTION AND CHANGES IN CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx140.sp062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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