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Iscoe M, Socrates V, Gilson A, Chi L, Li H, Huang T, Kearns T, Perkins R, Khandjian L, Taylor RA. Identifying signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection from emergency department clinical notes using large language models. Acad Emerg Med 2024. [PMID: 38567658 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural language processing (NLP) tools including recently developed large language models (LLMs) have myriad potential applications in medical care and research, including the efficient labeling and classification of unstructured text such as electronic health record (EHR) notes. This opens the door to large-scale projects that rely on variables that are not typically recorded in a structured form, such as patient signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVES This study is designed to acquaint the emergency medicine research community with the foundational elements of NLP, highlighting essential terminology, annotation methodologies, and the intricacies involved in training and evaluating NLP models. Symptom characterization is critical to urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis, but identification of symptoms from the EHR has historically been challenging, limiting large-scale research, public health surveillance, and EHR-based clinical decision support. We therefore developed and compared two NLP models to identify UTI symptoms from unstructured emergency department (ED) notes. METHODS The study population consisted of patients aged ≥ 18 who presented to an ED in a northeastern U.S. health system between June 2013 and August 2021 and had a urinalysis performed. We annotated a random subset of 1250 ED clinician notes from these visits for a list of 17 UTI symptoms. We then developed two task-specific LLMs to perform the task of named entity recognition: a convolutional neural network-based model (SpaCy) and a transformer-based model designed to process longer documents (Clinical Longformer). Models were trained on 1000 notes and tested on a holdout set of 250 notes. We compared model performance (precision, recall, F1 measure) at identifying the presence or absence of UTI symptoms at the note level. RESULTS A total of 8135 entities were identified in 1250 notes; 83.6% of notes included at least one entity. Overall F1 measure for note-level symptom identification weighted by entity frequency was 0.84 for the SpaCy model and 0.88 for the Longformer model. F1 measure for identifying presence or absence of any UTI symptom in a clinical note was 0.96 (232/250 correctly classified) for the SpaCy model and 0.98 (240/250 correctly classified) for the Longformer model. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the utility of LLMs and transformer-based models in particular for extracting UTI symptoms from unstructured ED clinical notes; models were highly accurate for detecting the presence or absence of any UTI symptom on the note level, with variable performance for individual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Iscoe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vimig Socrates
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aidan Gilson
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ling Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Huang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Kearns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachelle Perkins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura Khandjian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - R Andrew Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Wang Z, Zhong Q, Zhang C, Huang L, Wang W, Chi L. Surfactant-like Additives Assisted the Lateral Growth of Pentacene Films. Langmuir 2024; 40:5462-5468. [PMID: 38414272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lateral growth of thin films is crucial for organic electronic devices, such as field-effect transistors. Here, we report a strategy to improve the lateral growth of pentacene films using rubrene as a surfactant-like additive. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images confirm the enhanced lateral growth with the presence of rubrene, resulting in smooth and enlarged molecule domains in the films in comparison to those without rubrene. Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to explore the interlayer diffusion of pentacene molecules during the growth. With the rubrene molecules as surfactant-like additives, mean square displacement (MSD) analysis shows that the pentacene molecules have a descending diffusion coefficient of 2.0 × 10-5 cm2 s-1, which is greater than the ascending diffusion coefficient of 1.6 × 10-5 cm2 s-1. The more descending molecules lead to an enhanced lateral growth of pentacene films, which is in good agreement with the experiments. As a result, the pentacene films grown with rubrene exhibit a rapid increase in carrier mobility over thickness due to the well-connected domains resulting from enhanced lateral growth. This finding will provide a new strategy to modulate the morphology of organic films for high-performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Q Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - C Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - L Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - W Wang
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institution Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Institution Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Gilson A, Safranek CW, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor RA, Chartash D. Correction: How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment. JMIR Med Educ 2024; 10:e57594. [PMID: 38412478 PMCID: PMC10933712 DOI: 10.2196/57594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/45312.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Gilson
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data ScienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
| | - Conrad W Safranek
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data ScienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
| | - Thomas Huang
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
| | - Vimig Socrates
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data ScienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
- Program of Computational Biology and BioinformaticsYale UniversityNew Haven, CTUnited States
| | - Ling Chi
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data ScienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
| | - Richard Andrew Taylor
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data ScienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
- Department of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
| | - David Chartash
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data ScienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUnited States
- School of MedicineUniversity College DublinNational University of Ireland, DublinDublinIreland
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Taylor RA, Gilson A, Chi L, Haimovich AD, Crawford A, Brandt C, Magidson P, Lai JM, Levin S, Mecca AP, Hwang U. Dementia risk analysis using temporal event modeling on a large real-world dataset. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22618. [PMID: 38114545 PMCID: PMC10730574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study is to identify healthcare events leading to a diagnosis of dementia from a large real-world dataset. This study uses a data-driven approach to identify temporally ordered pairs and trajectories of healthcare codes in the electronic health record (EHR). This allows for discovery of novel temporal risk factors leading to an outcome of interest that may otherwise be unobvious. We identified several known (Down syndrome RR = 116.1, thiamine deficiency RR = 76.1, and Parkinson's disease RR = 41.1) and unknown (Brief psychotic disorder RR = 68.6, Toxic effect of metals RR = 40.4, and Schizoaffective disorders RR = 40.0) factors for a specific dementia diagnosis. The associations with the greatest risk for any dementia diagnosis were found to be primarily related to mental health (Brief psychotic disorder RR = 266.5, Dissociative and conversion disorders RR = 169.8), or neurologic conditions or procedures (Dystonia RR = 121.9, Lumbar Puncture RR = 119.0). Trajectory and clustering analysis identified factors related to cerebrovascular disorders, as well as diagnoses which increase the risk of toxic imbalances. The results of this study have the ability to provide valuable insights into potential patient progression towards dementia and improve recognition of patients at risk for developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Andrew Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Aidan Gilson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ling Chi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adrian D Haimovich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Crawford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cynthia Brandt
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phillip Magidson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James M Lai
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott Levin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Clinical Decision Support Solutions, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA
| | - Adam P Mecca
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ula Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Cova E, Natchiappan N, Chi L, Siccardi H, Steele C. Characterization of the Social Determinants of Health Faced By Hospitalized Patients. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:3090-3092. [PMID: 37537384 PMCID: PMC10593673 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Cova
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Ling Chi
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Henry Siccardi
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Gilson A, Safranek CW, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor RA, Chartash D. Authors' Reply to: Variability in Large Language Models' Responses to Medical Licensing and Certification Examinations. JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e50336. [PMID: 37440299 PMCID: PMC10375396 DOI: 10.2196/50336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Gilson
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Conrad W Safranek
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Vimig Socrates
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ling Chi
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard Andrew Taylor
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Chartash
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Socrates V, Gilson A, Lopez K, Chi L, Taylor RA, Chartash D. Predicting relations between SOAP note sections: The value of incorporating a clinical information model. J Biomed Inform 2023; 141:104360. [PMID: 37061014 PMCID: PMC10197152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Physician progress notes are frequently organized into Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan (SOAP) sections. The Assessment section synthesizes information recorded in the Subjective and Objective sections, and the Plan section documents tests and treatments to narrow the differential diagnosis and manage symptoms. Classifying the relationship between the Assessment and Plan sections has been suggested to provide valuable insight into clinical reasoning. In this work, we use a novel human-in-the-loop pipeline to classify the relationships between the Assessment and Plan sections of SOAP notes as a part of the n2c2 2022 Track 3 Challenge. In particular, we use a clinical information model constructed from both the entailment logic expected from the aforementioned Challenge and the problem-oriented medical record. This information model is used to label named entities as primary and secondary problems/symptoms, events and complications in all four SOAP sections. We iteratively train separate Named Entity Recognition models and use them to annotate entities in all notes/sections. We fine-tune a downstream RoBERTa-large model to classify the Assessment-Plan relationship. We evaluate multiple language model architectures, preprocessing parameters, and methods of knowledge integration, achieving a maximum macro-F1 score of 82.31%. Our initial model achieves top-2 performance during the challenge (macro-F1: 81.52%, competitors' macro-F1 range: 74.54%-82.12%). We improved our model by incorporating post-challenge annotations (S&O sections), outperforming the top model from the Challenge. We also used Shapley additive explanations to investigate the extent of language model clinical logic, under the lens of our clinical information model. We find that the model often uses shallow heuristics and nonspecific attention when making predictions, suggesting language model knowledge integration requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimig Socrates
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, 06511, New Haven, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave #260, New Haven, 06519, USA; Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George St, New Haven, 06511, USA.
| | - Aidan Gilson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave #260, New Haven, 06519, USA.
| | - Kevin Lopez
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, 06511, New Haven, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave #260, New Haven, 06519, USA.
| | - Ling Chi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave #260, New Haven, 06519, USA.
| | - Richard Andrew Taylor
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, 06511, New Haven, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave #260, New Haven, 06519, USA.
| | - David Chartash
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, 06511, New Haven, USA; School of Medicine, University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Chi L, Wang H, Yu F, Gao C, Dai H, Si X, Liu L, Wang Z, Zheng J, Ke Y, Liu H, Zhang Q. Recent Progress of Ubiquitin-Specific-Processing Protease 7 Inhibitors. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162023020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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9
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Gilson A, Safranek CW, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor RA, Chartash D. How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment. JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e45312. [PMID: 36753318 PMCID: PMC9947764 DOI: 10.2196/45312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 352.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a 175-billion-parameter natural language processing model that can generate conversation-style responses to user input. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT on questions within the scope of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 exams, as well as to analyze responses for user interpretability. METHODS We used 2 sets of multiple-choice questions to evaluate ChatGPT's performance, each with questions pertaining to Step 1 and Step 2. The first set was derived from AMBOSS, a commonly used question bank for medical students, which also provides statistics on question difficulty and the performance on an exam relative to the user base. The second set was the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) free 120 questions. ChatGPT's performance was compared to 2 other large language models, GPT-3 and InstructGPT. The text output of each ChatGPT response was evaluated across 3 qualitative metrics: logical justification of the answer selected, presence of information internal to the question, and presence of information external to the question. RESULTS Of the 4 data sets, AMBOSS-Step1, AMBOSS-Step2, NBME-Free-Step1, and NBME-Free-Step2, ChatGPT achieved accuracies of 44% (44/100), 42% (42/100), 64.4% (56/87), and 57.8% (59/102), respectively. ChatGPT outperformed InstructGPT by 8.15% on average across all data sets, and GPT-3 performed similarly to random chance. The model demonstrated a significant decrease in performance as question difficulty increased (P=.01) within the AMBOSS-Step1 data set. We found that logical justification for ChatGPT's answer selection was present in 100% of outputs of the NBME data sets. Internal information to the question was present in 96.8% (183/189) of all questions. The presence of information external to the question was 44.5% and 27% lower for incorrect answers relative to correct answers on the NBME-Free-Step1 (P<.001) and NBME-Free-Step2 (P=.001) data sets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT marks a significant improvement in natural language processing models on the tasks of medical question answering. By performing at a greater than 60% threshold on the NBME-Free-Step-1 data set, we show that the model achieves the equivalent of a passing score for a third-year medical student. Additionally, we highlight ChatGPT's capacity to provide logic and informational context across the majority of answers. These facts taken together make a compelling case for the potential applications of ChatGPT as an interactive medical education tool to support learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Gilson
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Conrad W Safranek
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Vimig Socrates
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ling Chi
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard Andrew Taylor
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Chartash
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Pinnix C, Dabaja B, Gunther J, Fang P, Wu S, Nastoupil L, Strati P, Nair R, Ahmed S, Steiner R, Westin J, Neelapu S, Rodriguez M, Lee H, Wang M, Fowler N, Flowers C, Feng L, Chi L, Esmaeli B. Response Adapted Ultra Low Dose Radiation Therapy for the Definitive Management of Orbital Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ooi SZY, Dada OE, Bukenya GW, Kenfack YJ, Chi L, Ohonba E, Adeyemo E, Narain K, Awad AK, Barrie U, Sichimba D, Ogunfolaji O, Kitonga LM, Oriaku AJ, Bamimore MA, Okor DE, Rominiyi O. O021 Evaluating the impact of neurosurgical rotation experience in Africa on the interest and perception of medical students towards a career in neurosurgery: a continental, multi-centre, cross-sectional study. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac242.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Africa has the second-highest neurosurgical workforce deficit globally, and many medical students in Africa lack exposure to the field. This study aims to assess the impact of a neurosurgical rotation during medical school in shaping the perception and interest of students towards a career in neurosurgery.
Methods
This is a continental, multi-centre, cross-sectional study. A Google Form e-survey was disseminated to African clinical medical students between February 21st and March 20th, 2021. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and adjusted logistic regression modelling.
Results
Data was received from 539 students in 30 African countries (n=30/54, 55.6%). The majority of participants were male (n=289/539, 53.6%) and were from Kenya (n=83/539, 15.4%). Most students had undertaken a clinical neurosurgery rotation (n=278/539, 51.6%); the majority reported a rotation length of four weeks or less (n=181/278, 65.1%). Students with clinical experience were less likely to pursue the specialty (p=0.02) and had a stronger perception that it is more difficult for women to pursue neurosurgery (p=0.0001) when compared to those without clinical experience. However, after adjusting for other factors, students with greater than four weeks of neurosurgical exposure were more likely to express a career interest in neurosurgery (odds ratio [OR]=1.75, p<0.04) and men were more likely to express interest in a neurosurgical career compared to women (OR=3.22, p<0.001).
Conclusion
Our findings support standardised, continent-wide, curriculum development, and advocacy supporting improved gender inclusivity in education and policy-making to improve the quality of neurosurgical exposure during medical school and tackle the workforce deficit across Africa.
Take-home message
A continent-wide, standardised curriculum guide to neurosurgical rotations, and advocacy for gender inclusivity in education and policy-making efforts across the African continent is required to shape the perception and interest of medical students towards a career in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZY Ooi
- Cardiff University School of Medicine
| | - OE Dada
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - GW Bukenya
- Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland Ohio
| | - YJ Kenfack
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Texas
| | - L Chi
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine , USA
| | - E Ohonba
- Department of Health , North West Province , South Africa
| | - E Adeyemo
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Texas
| | - K Narain
- Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - AK Awad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - U Barrie
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Texas
| | - D Sichimba
- Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University , Kitwe , Zambia
| | - O Ogunfolaji
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - LM Kitonga
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi , Kenya
| | | | - MA Bamimore
- School of Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , Philadelphia
| | - DE Okor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Garki Hospital , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - O Rominiyi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield
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Haimovich AD, Gilson A, Gao E, Chi L, Gettel CJ, Schonberg M, Hwang U, Taylor RA. Patterns of Care Partner Communication for Persons Living with Dementia in the Emergency Department. J Geriatr Emerg Med 2022; 3:5. [PMID: 38074187 PMCID: PMC10698392 DOI: 10.17294/2694-4715.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Nearly half of all persons living with dementia (PLwD) will visit the emergency department (ED) in any given year and ED visits by PLwD are associated with short-term adverse outcomes. Care partner engagement is critical in the care of PLwD, but little is known about their patterns of communication with ED clinicians. Methods We performed a retrospective electronic health record (EHR) review of a random sampling of patients ≥ 65 years with a historical diagnosis code of dementia who visited an ED within a large regional health network between 1/2014 and 1/2022. ED notes within the EHRs were coded for documentation of care partner communication and presence of a care partner in the ED. Logistic regression was used to identify patient characteristics associated with the composite outcome of either care partner communication or care partner presence in the ED. Results A total of 460 patients were included. The median age was 83.0 years, 59.3% were female, 11.3% were Black, and 7.6% Hispanic. A care partner was documented in the ED for 22.4% of the visits and care partner communication documented for 43.9% of visits. 54.8% of patients had no documentation of care partner communication nor evidence of a care partner at the bedside. In multivariate logistic regression, increasing age (OR, (95% CI): 1.06 (1.04-1.09)), altered mental status (OR: 2.26 (1.01-5.05)), and weakness (OR: 3.38 (1.49-7.65)) significantly increased the probability of having care partner communication documented or a care partner at the bedside. Conclusion More than half of PLwD in our sample did not have clinician documentation of communication with a care partner or a care partner in the ED. Further studies are needed to use these insights to improve communication with care partners of PLwD in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Haimovich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Aidan Gilson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Evangeline Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ling Chi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cameron J Gettel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mara Schonberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ula Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY
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Guo T, Patel S, Shah D, Chi L, Emadi S, Pierce DM, Han M, Brumovsky PR, Feng B. Optical clearing reveals TNBS-induced morphological changes of VGLUT2-positive nerve fibers in mouse colorectum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G644-G657. [PMID: 33533318 PMCID: PMC8238166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00363.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal hypersensitivity and sensitization of both mechanosensitive and mechanically insensitive afferents develop after intracolonic instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in the mouse, a model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. In mice in which ∼80% of extrinsic colorectal afferents were labeled genetically using the promotor for vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2), we systematically quantified the morphology of VGLUT2-positive axons in mouse colorectum 7-28 days following intracolonic TNBS treatment. After removal, the colorectum was distended (20 mmHg), fixed with paraformaldehyde, and optically cleared to image VGLUT2-positive axons throughout the colorectal wall thickness. We conducted vector path tracing of individual axons to allow systematic quantification of nerve fiber density and shape. Abundant VGLUT2-positive nerve fibers were present in most layers of the colorectum, except the serosal and longitudinal muscular layers. A small percentage of VGLUT2-positive myenteric plexus neurons was also detected. Intracolonic TNBS treatment significantly reduced the number of VGLUT2-positive nerve fibers in submucosal, myenteric plexus, and mucosal layers at day 7 post-TNBS, which mostly recovered by day 28. We also found that almost all fibers in the submucosa were meandering and curvy, with ∼10% showing pronounced curviness (quantified by the linearity index). TNBS treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the proportions of pronounced curvy fibers in the rectal region at 28 days post-TNBS. Altogether, the present morphological study reveals profound changes in the distribution of VGLUT2-positive fibers in mouse colorectum undergoing TNBS-induced colitis and draws attention to curvy fibers in the submucosa with potential roles in visceral nociception.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We conducted genetic labeling and optical clearing to visualize extrinsic sensory nerve fibers in whole-mount colorectum, which revealed widespread presence of axons in the submucosal layer. Remarkably, axons in the submucosa were meandering and curvy, in contrast to axons in other layers generally aligned with the basal tissues. Intracolonic TNBS treatment led to pronounced changes of nerve fiber density and curviness, suggesting nerve fiber morphologies as potentially contributing factors to sensory sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Shivam Patel
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Dhruv Shah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Ling Chi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Sharareh Emadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - David M Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Martin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Pablo R Brumovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
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Gao Y, Nan G, Chi L. MicroRNA miR-505-5p Promotes Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Neuronal Injury via Negative Regulation of CREG1 in Cultured Neuron-Like Cells. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ma B, He L, Xia Y, Chi L, Piao Z, Sun X, Dai J, Yang C, Shen F. The Value of Serum Amyloid A on Early Diagnosing and Prognosis for Perioperative Patients with Extracorporeal Circulation. Indian J Pharm Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.spl.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chi L, Xiao Y, Zhu L, Zhang M, Xu B, Xia H, Jiang Z, Wu W. microRNA-155 attenuates profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-beta on human lung fibroblasts. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:1415-1424. [PMID: 31556264 DOI: 10.23812/19-41a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) functions in fibrogenesis as a profibrotic mediator, regulating cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and collagen production of fibroblasts. microRNA-155 (miR-155), the expression of which has been related to bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, has been involved in TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, we found that miR-155 expression was decreased in human pulmonary fibroblasts by TGF-β treatment. We overexpressed miR-155 in fibroblasts to investigate the functional impact of miR-155 on TGF-β-induced fibrotic phenotype of fibroblasts. It is suggested that miR-155 overexpression attenuated the stimulatory effect of TGF-β on fibroblast proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis, by evidence from assessment of cell cycle, viability, apoptosis, migration and collagen content. Furthermore, quantitative measurement showed that SMAD1 gene expression was decreased following miR-155 inhibition, thereby demonstrating an indirect miRNA-SMAD interaction that links miR-155 to TGF-β signaling. Our work helped uncover an miRNA-mediated mechanism of fibroblast response to TGF-β. Moreover, it will help to achieve a better understanding of the regulatory roles of miR-155 in fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Zhu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - B Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Xia
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Jiang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - W Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhu W, Yeung Q, Chan D, Chi L, Huang J, Wang Q, Chung J, Li TC. Maternal β-HCG concentrations in early IVF pregnancy: association with the embryo development stage of blastocysts. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 38:683-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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De Marchi F, Galeotti G, Simenas M, Ji P, Chi L, Tornau EE, Pezzella A, MacLeod J, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F. Self-assembly of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid: polymorphism of a eumelanin building block on Au(111). Nanoscale 2019; 11:5422-5428. [PMID: 30855042 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09810g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigating two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled structures of biological monomers governed by intermolecular interactions is a prerequisite to understand the self-assembly of more complex biomolecular systems. 5,6-Dihydroxyindole carboxylic acid (DHICA) is one of the building blocks of eumelanin - an irregular heteropolymer and the most common form of melanin which has potential applications in organic electronics and bioelectronics. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory and Monte Carlo calculations, we investigate DHICA molecular configurations and interactions underlying the multiple 2D patterns formed on Au(111). While DHICA self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) are dominated by the hydrogen bonding of carboxylic acid dimers, a variety of 2D architectures are formed due to the multiple weak interactions of the catechol group. The hydroxyl group also allows for redox reactions, caused by oxidation via O2 exposure, resulting in molecular rearrangement. The susceptibility of the molecules to oxidation is affected by their SAMNs architectures, giving insights on the reactivity of indoles as well as highlighting non-covalent assembly as an approach to guide selective oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Marchi
- Centre Energie, Materiaux et Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada J3X 1S2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Carol Pui Shan Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tarah Waters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ling Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - David Yiu Leung Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tin-Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Liu X, Krishnamoorthy D, Lin L, Xue P, Zhang F, Chi L, Linhardt RJ, Iatridis JC. A method for characterising human intervertebral disc glycosaminoglycan disaccharides using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 35:117-131. [PMID: 29469163 PMCID: PMC5865475 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v035a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration results in the depletion of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which can lead to structural and mechanical loss of IVD function, ingrowth of nociceptive nerve fibres and eventually discogenic pain. Specific GAG types as well as their disaccharide patterns can be predictive of disease and degeneration in several tissues but have not been comprehensively studied within the IVD. A highly sensitive mass spectrometry based technique with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to provide characterisation of chondroitin sulphate (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulphate (HS) and their disaccharide sulphation patterns across different anatomical regions of human IVDs. Principal component analysis further distinguished important regional variations and proposed potential ageing variations in GAG profiles. CS was the GAG in greatest abundance in the IVD followed by HA and HS. Principal component analysis identified clear separation of GAG profiles between nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in young and old specimens. Distinct patterns of predominantly expressed disaccharides of CS and HS between young and old IVD samples, provided preliminary evidence that important alterations in disaccharides occur within IVDs during ageing. This technique offered a novel approach to identify and quantify specific GAG disaccharides in human IVDs and the data presented were the first to offer insight into the spatial distribution as well as association with ageing of GAGs and GAG disaccharide sulphation patterns across the human IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Sheu T, Milgrom S, Dabaja B, Andraos T, Chi L, Nastoupil L, Fowler N, Westin J, Neelapu S, Lee H, Hagemeister F, Oki Y, Fanale M, Fayad L, Turturro F, Samaniego F, Pinnix C. Consolidative Radiation Dose De-escalation in Primary CNS Lymphoma for Patients with an Incomplete Response to Methotrexate Based Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lin C, Wiemken AS, Leinwand SE, Wang SH, Keenan BT, Wang J, Wang Z, Sun Y, Li X, Qu W, Gislason T, Benediktsdottir B, Chi L, Schwab RJ. 0435 INTERETHNIC COMPARISON OF INTER-MANDIBULAR AND SOFT TISSUE VOLUMES AMONG NATIVE CHINESE, ICELANDIC CAUCASIAN AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN APNEICS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chi L, Ahmed A, Roy A, Vuong S, Cahill L, Caporiccio L, Sled J, Caniggia I, Wilson M, Delgado-Olguin P. EHMT2/G9a controls maturation of the placental vasculature. Placenta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu XF, Zhang J, Cui L, Wang YH, Yue Y, Chi L, Bai J, Li HM, Lu XX. [The value of different antibodies detection in diagnosis of rheumatism with uveitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:285-290. [PMID: 28162159 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of HLA-B27 antigen, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA and Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) detection in diagnosis of rheumatism with uveitis. Methods: Seven hundred and twenty four newly diagnosed patients with non-infection uveitis in Beijing Tongren Hospital from March 2012 to March 2016 who long-term lived in Beijing and its surrounding areas were continuously enrolled. HLA-B27 antigen expressions in peripheral blood lymphocytes and ANA, anti-dsDNA and ANCA levels in serum were tested. The detailed clinical data, imaging examinations and pathological examinations were recorded to define whether the patients had rheumatism and the types of rheumatism. Results: There were 285 patients were diagnosed with rheumatism in 724 patients (39.4%), with 135 male (47.4%) and 150 female (52.6%). The mean age of male (41±14) was lower than that of female (44±14), with statistically significant (t=2.18, P<0.05). There were 176 patients with Spondyloarthropathies, 48 patients with primary systemic vasculitis, 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 18 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome, 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 5 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in 285 rheumatism patients. The positive rate of HLA-B27(57.2%), ANA(15.8%), anti-dsDNA (5.3%) and ANCA(9.1%) in rheumatic uveitis patients were obviously higher than those of non-rheumatic uveitis patients [HLA-B27(1.1%), ANA(1.6%), anti-dsDNA (0.0%) and ANCA(0.9%)], with statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P<0.01). The HLA-B27 positive antigen were mainly in patients with Spondyloarthropathies, rate was 92.1%; the positive ANA were mainly in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rate was 95.5%; the positive anti-dsDNA were mainly in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rate was 59.1%; the positive ANCA were mainly in patients with primary systemic vasculitis (besides Behcet disease), rate was 57.1%. Conclusions: The detections of HLA-B27 antigen, ANA, anti-dsDNA and ANCA are valuable for primary screening of some rheumatic uveitis. There fore, clinicians should select targeted laboratory examination combine with the patients' clinical manifestations. This will be helpful in the auxiliary diagnosis of some types of rheumatic uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Yan R, Chi L, Zheng X, Sun R, You J, Ye X. A meta-analysis of serum p16 gene promoter methylation for diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Indian J Cancer 2016; 52 Suppl 2:e116-8. [PMID: 26728668 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.172507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum p16 gene promoter methylation for diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS By searching the databases of PubMed and CNKI, we included all the published articles related serum p16 gene promoter methylation and nonsmall lung cancer. The true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative data for each included publication were extracted by the reviewers. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were pooled by MetaDiSc1.4 software. RESULTS Finally, 13 manuscripts with 1440 subjects were involving in this diagnostic meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.32) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.97), respectively, with randomized effect model. The pooled positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 5.08 (95% CI: 3.00-8.62) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62-0.77) with fixed effect model and randomized effect model, respectively. The diagnostic ROC curve for the included 13 publications was pooled by statistical software MetaDiSc14.0 according to the Bayes theorem. The pooled area under the ROC was 0.72 with its standard error of 0.10. CONCLUSION According to the published articles, high specificity and low sensitivity were found in this meta-analysis for the p16 gene promoter methylation in the diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - X Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shizhong District, Shandong Province 250001, China
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Cachia D, Kamiya-Matsouka C, Chi L, Pinnix C, Daver N, Woodman K. CN-02 * MYELOPATHY FOLLOWING INTRATHECAL CHEMOTHERAPY: A CASE SERIES IN ADULTS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou243.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jia D, Yang W, Li L, Liu H, Tan Y, Ooi S, Chi L, Filion LG, Figeys D, Wang L. β-Catenin and NF-κB co-activation triggered by TLR3 stimulation facilitates stem cell-like phenotypes in breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:298-310. [PMID: 25257174 PMCID: PMC4291491 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation and progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly expressed in cancer cells and associated with poor prognosis. However, a linkage between CSCs and TLRs is unclear, and potential intervention strategies to prevent TLR stimulation-induced CSC formation and underlying mechanisms are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) promotes breast cancer cells toward a CSC phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, conventional NF-κB signaling pathway is not exclusively responsible for TLR3 activation-enriched CSCs. Intriguingly, simultaneous activation of both β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways, but neither alone, is required for the enhanced CSC phenotypes. We have further identified a small molecule cardamonin that can concurrently inhibit β-catenin and NF-κB signals. Cardamonin is capable of effectively abolishing TLR3 activation-enhanced CSC phenotypes in vitro and successfully controlling TLR3 stimulation-induced tumor growth in human breast cancer xenografts. These findings may provide a foundation for developing new strategies to prevent the induction of CSCs during cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
| | - W Yang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5 [2] Life Science College of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
| | - H Liu
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5 [2] Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
| | - S Ooi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
| | - L Chi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - L G Filion
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5
| | - D Figeys
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5 [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [3] Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Wang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H8M5 [2] Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [3] Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Krafft CE, Pierce JE, Schwarz NF, Chi L, Weinberger AL, Schaeffer DJ, Rodrigue AL, Camchong J, Allison JD, Yanasak NE, Liu T, Davis CL, McDowell JE. An eight month randomized controlled exercise intervention alters resting state synchrony in overweight children. Neuroscience 2013; 256:445-55. [PMID: 24096138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Children with low aerobic fitness have altered brain function compared to higher-fit children. This study examined the effect of an 8-month exercise intervention on resting state synchrony. Twenty-two sedentary, overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) children 8-11 years old were randomly assigned to one of two after-school programs: aerobic exercise (n=13) or sedentary attention control (n=9). Before and after the 8-month programs, all subjects participated in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Independent components analysis identified several networks, with four chosen for between-group analysis: salience, default mode, cognitive control, and motor networks. The default mode, cognitive control, and motor networks showed more spatial refinement over time in the exercise group compared to controls. The motor network showed increased synchrony in the exercise group with the right medial frontal gyrus compared to controls. Exercise behavior may enhance brain development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Krafft
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - J E Pierce
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - N F Schwarz
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - L Chi
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - A L Weinberger
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - D J Schaeffer
- Neuroscience Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - A L Rodrigue
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - J Camchong
- Psychiatry Department, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - J D Allison
- Radiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1102 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - N E Yanasak
- Radiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1102 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - T Liu
- Computer Science Department, 415 Boyd Graduate Studies Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - C L Davis
- Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Center, Medical College of Georgia, Institute of Public & Preventive Health, Georgia Regents University, HS-1640, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - J E McDowell
- Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Neuroscience Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Hong F, Junling H, Yi S, Chi L, Huan Z, Yu Qing D, Lingxia L, Yang G, Ming L. The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide LAP on the left common carotid artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ir J Med Sci 2013; 182:711-8. [PMID: 23661144 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-0963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide LAP on the left common carotid artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS A cohort of male SHRs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 for each group): pseudo-experimental group, enalapril-treated group as a positive control group, ACE-inhibitory peptide LAP-treated group. After the experiment, the left common carotid artery from each rat was removed for morphological evaluation. RESULTS It was observed that the vascular medial thickness, media thickness/lumen diameter, medial cross-sectional area and mean nuclear area of smooth muscle cells of the left common carotid artery in the LAP group or enalapril group were significantly lower than those in the pseudo-experimental group, while there was no significant difference in these parameters observed between the LAP group and enalapril group. Additionally, the vascular area percentage of collagen fibers of the left common carotid artery in the LAP group and enalapril group was significantly lower than that of the pseudo-experimental group. CONCLUSIONS The protective vessel remodeling effect in SHRs was observed with ACE-inhibitory peptide LAP in SHRs by decreasing blood pressure, inhibiting smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and reducing the proliferation of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
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Li H, Hu L, Chu J, Chi L, Li H. An Efficient Three-Party Authentication Key Exchange Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2013.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Linden S, Zhong D, Timmer A, Aghdassi N, Franke JH, Zhang H, Feng X, Müllen K, Fuchs H, Chi L, Zacharias H. Electronic structure of spatially aligned graphene nanoribbons on Au(788). Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:216801. [PMID: 23003288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.216801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a bottom-up approach of the selective and precise growth of subnanometer wide straight and chevron-type armchair nanoribbons (GNRs) on a stepped Au(788) surface using different specific molecular precursors. This process creates spatially well-aligned GNRs, as characterized by STM. High-resolution direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy of occupied and unoccupied states allows the determination of the energetic position and momentum dispersion of electronic states revealing the existence of band gaps of several electron volts for straight 7-armchair, 13-armchair, and chevron-type GNRs in the electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Linden
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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Paker A, Kamiya- Matsuoka C, Chi L, Loghin M. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Cancer Patients (P06.015). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zhong D, Franke JH, Podiyanachari SK, Blomker T, Zhang H, Kehr G, Erker G, Fuchs H, Chi L. Linear Alkane Polymerization on a Gold Surface. Science 2011; 334:213-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1211836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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36
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Huerta-Yepez S, Baay-Guzman GJ, Bebenek IG, Hernandez-Pando R, Vega MI, Chi L, Riedl M, Diaz-Sanchez D, Kleerup E, Tashkin DP, Gonzalez FJ, Bonavida B, Zeidler M, Hankinson O. Hypoxia inducible factor promotes murine allergic airway inflammation and is increased in asthma and rhinitis. Allergy 2011; 66:909-18. [PMID: 21517900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapies are necessary to address inadequate asthma control in many patients. This study sets out to investigate whether hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is essential for development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and therefore a potential novel target for asthma treatment. METHODS Mice conditionally knocked out for HIF-1β were examined for their ability to mount an allergic inflammatory response in the lung after intratracheal exposure to ovalbumin. The effects of treating wild-type mice with either ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) or 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), which upregulate and downregulate HIF, respectively, were determined. HIF-1α levels were also measured in endobronchial biopsies and bronchial fluid of patients with asthma and nasal fluid of patients with rhinitis after challenge. RESULTS Deletion of HIF-1β resulted in diminished AAI and diminished production of ovalbumin-specific IgE and IgG(1) . EDHB enhanced the inflammatory response, which was muted upon simultaneous inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). EDHB and 2ME antagonized each other with regard to their effects on airway inflammation and mucus production. The levels of HIF-1α and VEGF increased in lung tissue and bronchial fluid of patients with asthma and in the nasal fluid of patients with rhinitis after challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that HIF is directly involved in the development of AAI. Most importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that HIF-1α is increased after challenge in patients with asthma and rhinitis. Therefore, we propose that HIF may be a potential therapeutic target for asthma and possibly for other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion En enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zinner R, Debnam M, Gladish GW, Konda B, Hanneken JM, Stewart DJ, Munden RF, Chi L. Retrospective review of MRIs in lung cancer patients with brain metastases: An assessment of early response. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Chi L, Comyn FL, Mitra N, Reilly MP, Wan F, Maislin G, Chmiewski L, Thorne-FitzGerald MD, Victor UN, Pack AI, Schwab RJ. Identification of craniofacial risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea using three-dimensional MRI. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:348-58. [PMID: 21233264 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00119210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of craniofacial structures has been associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We hypothesised that: 1) a smaller mandible is a risk factor for OSA; and 2) the previously observed inferiorly positioned hyoid bone in apnoeics is associated with enlarged tongue volume. This is a case-control study using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging cephalometry. 55 apneics and 55 controls were matched for age, sex and race. The analysis was stratified by sex and controlled for age, race, height, neck visceral fat, skeletal type and tongue volume. We found that a 1-sd increase in mandibular length and depth were associated with decreased risk of sleep apnoea (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.99 and OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.91, respectively) in males but not in females. Greater hyoid-to-nasion (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.19-5.89 in males and OR 5.01, 95% CI 2.00-12.52 in females) and supramentale-to-hyoid (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.12-5.14) in males and OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.49-7.68 in females) distances were associated with increased risk of OSA. The difference for hyoid position between apnoeics and controls was lost after controlling for tongue volume. Enlargement of tongue is likely to be the pathogenic factor for inferior-posterior positioning of hyoid. A small and shallow mandible is an independent risk factor for OSA in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chi
- Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3624 Market Street, Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kehagias N, Hu W, Reboud V, Lu N, Dong B, Chi L, Fuchs H, Genua A, Alduncín JA, Pomposo JA, Mecerreyes D, Sotomayor Torres CM. Nanoimprint lithography and surface modification as prospective technologies for heterogeneous integration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200780226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kapoor M, Polotsky A, Leondires M, Richlin S, Chi L, Hurwitz J. Letrozole in combination with gonadotropins improves implantation rates, ongoing pregnancy rates and decreases cancellation rates in poor responders. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salzler HR, Griffiths R, Ruiz P, Chi L, Frey C, Marchuk DA, Rockman HA, Le TH. Hypertension and albuminuria in chronic kidney disease mapped to a mouse chromosome 11 locus. Kidney Int 2007; 72:1226-32. [PMID: 17851470 PMCID: PMC7185734 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a key cause of hypertension and a potent independent risk for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies suggest a strong genetic component determining susceptibility for renal disease and, by inference, the associated cardiovascular risk. With a subtotal nephrectomy model of kidney disease, we found the 129S6 mouse strain to be very susceptible to the development of hypertension, albuminuria, and kidney injury, whereas the C57BL/6 strain is relatively resistant. Accordingly, we set out to map quantitative trait loci conferring susceptibility to hypertension and albuminuria using this model with F2 mice. We found significant linkage of the blood pressure trait to two loci. At D11Mit143, mice homozygous for the 129S6 allele had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than mice heterozygous or homozygous for the C57BL/6 allele. Similarly, at D1Mit308, there was an excellent correlation between genotype and the blood pressure phenotype. The effect of the chromosome 11 locus was verified with a separate cohort of F2 mice. For the albuminuria trait, a significant locus was found at D11Mit143, which overlaps the blood pressure trait locus. Our studies have identified a region spanning approximately 8 cM on mouse chromosome 11 that is associated with susceptibility to hypertension and albuminuria in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- HR Salzler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - R Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - L Chi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Frey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - DA Marchuk
- Department of Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - HA Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - TH Le
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kapoor M, Hurwitz J, Polotsky A, Richlin S, Chi L, Leondires M. Letrozole in combination with gonadotropins decreases cancellation rates and improves ongoing pregnancy rates per transfer in poor responders. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li F, Zhu S, Liu Y, Chen G, Chi L, Qu F. Hyperdense intracranial epidermoid cysts: a study of 15 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149:31-9; discussion 39. [PMID: 17151831 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-006-1060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intracranial epidermoid cysts generally appear as hypodense lesions on CT scans, occasionally, they may appear hyperdense, making diagnosis difficult. The aim was to study clinical features and possible pathogenesis of hyperdense intracranial epidermoid cysts (HIECs). METHODS Fifteen patients with HIECs were surgically treated in our department during a 21-year period (1985 up to 2005). We reviewed each patient's clinical records, radiological findings, operative reports, and pathological examinations, along with a review of the literature. FINDINGS The incidence of HIECs in our series was approximately 3.02%, with female predominance. The average age was 32 years and the average duration of complaints was nine months. The most common location was the parasellar area (6 cases), followed by cerebellum (4 cases), clival region (3 cases), cerebello-pontine angle (1 case) and lateral ventricle (1 case). Gross-total excision of the tumor was achieved in ten patients (66.7%). Four (26.7%) patients underwent subtotal resection; and one (6.6%) patient underwent partial resection. Aseptic meningitis that occurred postoperatively in two cases was controlled by lumbar drainage. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent leakage of the irritating cyst contents and subsequent chemical inflammatory response may be responsible for the high-density on CT scans and the cystic nature. A correct histological diagnosis is important because, in contrast to typical ECs and other lesions, HIECs are more prone to spread intra-operatively and result in severe aseptic meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Gould WR, McClanahan TB, Welch KM, Baxi SM, Saiya-Cork K, Chi L, Johnson TR, Leadley RJ. Inhibitors of blood coagulation factors Xa and IIa synergize to reduce thrombus weight and thrombin generation in vivo and in vitro. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:834-41. [PMID: 16634754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many compounds currently in development for treatment of thrombotic disorders demonstrate high specificity for single targets of blood coagulation such as factor Xa (FXa) or thrombin. AIM The aim of this study is to determine if inhibition of both FXa and thrombin by simultaneous administration of PD0313052 and argatroban, respectively, synergistically increases the effect of either drug alone in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Analyses of thrombin generation from combined inhibition in human plasma using statistical methods of Bliss independence identified a synergistic reduction in thrombin production 30% lower than predicted by simple additivity. The greatest synergy occurred at concentrations of each compound below their individual IC50 values. In a rabbit arterio-venous shunt model (RAV) of thrombosis, co-administration of PD0313052 and argatroban reduced thrombus weight (TW) to a much greater degree than expected by additivity alone producing a synergistic decrease of 45% over the level predicted by additivity. Analyses of thrombin generation in plasma samples from the RAV also demonstrated 38% synergy ex vivo. Furthermore, at plasma concentrations with the greatest synergistic effect, no increase in bleeding or appreciable change in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or activated clotting time was observed, but thrombus weight reduction was greater than twofold higher than that expected from simple additivity. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a significant synergistic antithrombotic effect of combining low doses of PD0313052 and argatroban and support the hypothesis that simultaneous targeting of multiple coagulation enzymes may offer an improved therapeutic index in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Gould
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Miller S, Patel JK, Lee P, Wu GW, Chi L, Fishbein M, Laks H, Kobashigawa JA. 233 HEMODYNAMIC COMPROMISE REJECTION PREDICTS FUTURE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY AND NONFATAL MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Miller S, Patel J, Lee P, Wu G, Chi L, Fishbein M, Laks H, Kobashigawa J. Hemodynamic Compromise Rejection Predicts Future Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Nonfatal Major Adverse Cardiac Events. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Miller
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J.K. Patel
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P. Lee
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G.W. Wu
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - L. Chi
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. Fishbein
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - H. Laks
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J.A. Kobashigawa
- Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Chi L, Genova E, Miller B, Yoon H, Scott R, Leondires M. Relationship Between Time of First Mitosis, Embryo Developmental Potential, and Pregnancy Outcome. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xu W, Chi L, Xu R, Ke Y, Luo C, Cai J, Qiu M, Gozal D, Liu R. Increased production of reactive oxygen species contributes to motor neuron death in a compression mouse model of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2005; 43:204-13. [PMID: 15520836 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental laboratory investigation of the role and pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated motor neuron cell death in a mouse model of compression spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVES To analyze ROS-mediated oxidative stress propagation and signal transduction leading to motor neuron apoptosis induced by compression spinal cord injury. SETTING University of Louisville Health Science Center. METHODS Adult C57BL/6J mice and transgenic mice overexpressing SOD1 were severely lesioned at the lumbar region by compression spinal cord injury approach. Fluorescent oxidation, oxidative response gene expression and oxidative stress damage markers were used to assay spinal cord injury-mediated ROS generation and oxidative stress propagation. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were applied to define the ROS-mediated motor neuron apoptosis resulted from compression spinal cord injury. RESULTS ROS production was shown to be elevated in the lesioned spinal cord as detected by fluorescent oxidation assays. The early oxidative stress response markers, NF-kappaB transcriptional activation and c-Fos gene expression, were significantly increased after spinal cord injury. Lipid peroxidation and nucleic acid oxidation were also elevated in the lesioned spinal cord and motor neurons. Cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death were increased in the spinal cord motor neuron cells after spinal cord injury. On the other hand, transgenic mice overexpressing SOD1 showed lower levels of steady-state ROS production and reduction of motor neuron apoptosis compared to that of control mice after spinal cord injury. CONCLUSION These data together provide direct evidence to demonstrate that the increased production of ROS is an early and likely causal event that contributes to the spinal cord motor neuron death following spinal cord injury. Thus, antioxidants/antioxidant enzyme intervention combined with other therapy may provide an effective approach to alleviate spinal cord injury-induced motor neuron damage and motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
Conventional anticoagulant therapy has been based on indirect inhibition of coagulation factors with heparin and warfarin. These agents display liabilities prompting the development of new anticoagulants over the last two decades. The first to be developed was a series of low molecular weight heparins(LMWHs). Their favourable pharmacokinetic profiles and risk/benefit ratios led to widespread use in Europe and, more recently, approval for their use in the USA. Paralleling the development of LMWHs has been the pursuit of a different strategy focused on direct rather than indirect inhibition of enzymes in the coagulation cascade. In contrast to heparin, LMWHs, or other glycosaminoglycans, direct inhibitors exert their effects independent of either antithrombin III (ATIII) or heparin cofactor II (HCII) and more effectively inhibit clot-bound thrombin or FXa. Highly potent, selective (versus other serine proteases)direct thrombin and FXa inhibitors have been identified and isolated from natural sources, such as leeches, ticks and hookworms. The recombinant forms and analogues of the senatural proteins have been produced using molecular biology techniques, i.e., rHirudin, Hirulogs, recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide (rTAP), recombinant antistasin (rATS) and recombinant nematode anticoagulant peptide-5 (rNAP-5). The design of novel structures or the modification of existing chemicals has led to the synthesis of many non-peptide, low molecular weight inhibitors of thrombin and FXa. Some of them are orally active and may be suitable for long-term clinical use. In addition, considerable progress has been made in developing specific TF/VIIa complex inhibitors. The anticoagulation properties of the new agents are being characterised in experimental studies. Some of them have been advanced to large scale clinical trials and their effectiveness, and sometimes relative ineffectiveness,in arterial and venous thromboembolic disorders has been demonstrated. They are being tested for their potential as new antithrombotic agents that act via direct enzyme inhibition. Thus,the clinician should in future be able to target different thrombotic conditions with proven, specific anticoagulant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chi
- Vascular and Cardiac Diseases and Drug Development, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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