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McClain MT, Zhbannikov I, Satterwhite LL, Henao R, Giroux NS, Ding S, Burke TW, Tsalik EL, Nix C, Balcazar JP, Petzold EA, Shen X, Woods CW. Epigenetic and transcriptional responses in circulating leukocytes are associated with future decompensation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2024; 27:108288. [PMID: 38179063 PMCID: PMC10765013 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To elucidate host response elements that define impending decompensation during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we enrolled subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 who were matched for disease severity and comorbidities at the time of admission. We performed combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at admission and compared subjects who improved from their moderate disease with those who later clinically decompensated and required invasive mechanical ventilation or died. Chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic immune profiles were markedly altered between the two groups, with strong signals in CD4+ T cells, inflammatory T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Multiomic signature scores at admission were tightly associated with future clinical deterioration (auROC 1.0). Epigenetic and transcriptional changes in PBMCs reveal early, broad immune dysregulation before typical clinical signs of decompensation are apparent and thus may act as biomarkers to predict future severity in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah T. McClain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Ilya Zhbannikov
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lisa L. Satterwhite
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Giroux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Christina Nix
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jorge Prado Balcazar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Petzold
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Terasaki Institute for Biological Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Wang W, Hariharan M, Bartlett A, Barragan C, Castanon R, Rothenberg V, Song H, Nery J, Aldridge A, Altshul J, Kenworthy M, Ding W, Liu H, Tian W, Zhou J, Chen H, Wei B, Gündüz IB, Norell T, Broderick TJ, McClain MT, Satterwhite LL, Burke TW, Petzold EA, Shen X, Woods CW, Fowler VG, Ruffin F, Panuwet P, Barr DB, Beare JL, Smith AK, Spurbeck RR, Vangeti S, Ramos I, Nudelman G, Sealfon SC, Castellino F, Walley AM, Evans T, Müller F, Greenleaf WJ, Ecker JR. Human Immune Cell Epigenomic Signatures in Response to Infectious Diseases and Chemical Exposures. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.29.546792. [PMID: 37425926 PMCID: PMC10327221 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.546792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Variations in DNA methylation patterns in human tissues have been linked to various environmental exposures and infections. Here, we identified the DNA methylation signatures associated with multiple exposures in nine major immune cell types derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at single-cell resolution. We performed methylome sequencing on 111,180 immune cells obtained from 112 individuals who were exposed to different viruses, bacteria, or chemicals. Our analysis revealed 790,662 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with these exposures, which are mostly individual CpG sites. Additionally, we integrated methylation and ATAC-seq data from same samples and found strong correlations between the two modalities. However, the epigenomic remodeling in these two modalities are complementary. Finally, we identified the minimum set of DMRs that can predict exposures. Overall, our study provides the first comprehensive dataset of single immune cell methylation profiles, along with unique methylation biomarkers for various biological and chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wang
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Manoj Hariharan
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cesar Barragan
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rosa Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vince Rothenberg
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haili Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Aldridge
- Duke University School of Medicine, Bryan Research Building, 311 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jordan Altshul
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mia Kenworthy
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wubin Ding
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wei Tian
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bei Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irem B. Gündüz
- Integrative Cellular Biology & Bioinformatics Lab, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Todd Norell
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, 40 S Alcaniz St, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
| | - Timothy J Broderick
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, 40 S Alcaniz St, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Lisa L. Satterwhite
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Petzold
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham NC 27701 USA
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dana B. Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Anthony K. Smith
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave Columbus OH 43201, USA
| | | | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Flora Castellino
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Maria Walley
- Vaccitech plc, Unit 6-10, Zeus Building, Rutherford Avenue, Harwell OX11 0DF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Evans
- Vaccitech plc, Unit 6-10, Zeus Building, Rutherford Avenue, Harwell OX11 0DF, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Müller
- Integrative Cellular Biology & Bioinformatics Lab, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Giroux NS, Ding S, McClain MT, Burke TW, Petzold E, Chung HA, Rivera GO, Wang E, Xi R, Bose S, Rotstein T, Nicholson BP, Chen T, Henao R, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, De Ussel MI, Satterwhite LL, Ko ER, Ginsburg GS, Kraft BD, Tsalik EL, Shen X, Woods CW. Author Correction: Differential chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells underlies COVID-19 disease severity prior to seroconversion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6462. [PMID: 37081034 PMCID: PMC10116442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Giroux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Micah T McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA
| | - Thomas W Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hong A Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Grecia O Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tomer Rotstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maria Iglesias De Ussel
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lisa L Satterwhite
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Emily R Ko
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Bryan D Kraft
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA.
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4
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Giroux NS, Ding S, Mcclain MT, Burke TW, Petzold E, Chung HA, Rivera GO, Wang E, Xi R, Bose S, Rotstein T, Nicholson BP, Chen T, Henao R, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, De Ussel MI, Satterwhite LL, Ko ER, Ginsburg GS, Kraft BD, Tsalik EL, Shen X, Woods C. Differential chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells underlies COVID-19 disease severity prior to seroconversion.. [PMID: 35411343 PMCID: PMC8996625 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1479864/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers profound and variable immune responses in human hosts. Chromatin remodeling has been observed in individuals severely ill or convalescing with COVID-19, but chromatin remodeling early in disease prior to anti-spike protein IgG seroconversion has not been defined. We performed the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from outpatients with mild or moderate symptom severity at different stages of clinical illness. Early in the disease course prior to IgG seroconversion, modifications in chromatin accessibility associate with mild or moderate symptoms are already robust and include severity-associated changes in accessibility of genes in interleukin signaling, regulation of cell differentiation and cell morphology. Furthermore, single-cell analyses revealed evolution of the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcription factor motif accessibility for individual PBMC cell types over time. The most extensive remodeling occurred in CD14+ monocytes, where sub-populations with distinct chromatin accessibility profiles were observed prior to seroconversion. Mild symptom severity is marked by upregulation classical antiviral pathways including those regulating IRF1 and IRF7, whereas in moderate disease these classical antiviral signals diminish suggesting dysregulated and less effective responses. Together, these observations offer novel insight into the epigenome of early mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that detection of chromatin remodeling in early disease may offer promise for a new class of diagnostic tools for COVID-19.
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Roitshtain D, Wolbromsky L, Bal E, Greenspan H, Satterwhite LL, Shaked NT. Quantitative phase microscopy spatial signatures of cancer cells. Cytometry A 2017; 91:482-493. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darina Roitshtain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Lauren Wolbromsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Evgeny Bal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Hayit Greenspan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Lisa L. Satterwhite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; Durham North Carolina 27708
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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Fernandez CE, Obi-onuoha IC, Wallace CS, Satterwhite LL, Truskey GA, Reichert WM. Late-outgrowth endothelial progenitors from patients with coronary artery disease: endothelialization of confluent stromal cell layers. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:893-900. [PMID: 24140604 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are the primary candidates to receive small-diameter tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs). Peripheral blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from CAD patients (CAD EPCs) represent a minimally invasive source of autologous cells for TEBV endothelialization. We have previously shown that human CAD EPCs are highly proliferative and express many of the hallmarks of mature and healthy endothelial cells; however, their behavior on stromal cells that comprise the media of TEBVs has not yet been evaluated. Primary CAD EPCs or control human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were seeded over confluent, quiescent layers of human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) using a direct co-culture model. The percent coverage, adhesion strength, alignment under flow and generation of flow-induced nitric oxide of the seeded CAD EPCs were compared to that of HAECs. The integrin-binding profile of CAD EPCs was also evaluated over a layer of confluent, quiescent SMCs. Direct comparison of our CAD EPC results to analogous co-culture studies with cord blood EPCs show that both types of blood-derived EPCs are viable options for endothelialization of TEBVs.
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Abstract
Nonlinear phase dispersion spectroscopy is introduced as a means to retrieve wideband, high spectral resolution profiles of the wavelength-dependent real part of the refractive index. The method is based on detecting dispersion effects imparted to a light field with low coherence transmitted through a thin sample and detected interferometrically in the spectral domain. The same sampled signal is also processed to yield quantitative phase maps and spectral information regarding the total attenuation coefficient using spectral-domain phase microscopy and spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT), respectively. Proof-of-concept experiments using fluorescent and nonfluorescent polystyrene beads and another using a red blood cell demonstrate the ability of the method to quantify various absorptive/dispersive features. The increased sensitivity of this method, novel to our knowledge, is compared to intensity-based spectroscopy (e.g., SOCT), and potential applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E Robles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Angelos MG, Brown MA, Satterwhite LL, Levering VW, Shaked NT, Truskey GA. Dynamic adhesion of umbilical cord blood endothelial progenitor cells under laminar shear stress. Biophys J 2011; 99:3545-54. [PMID: 21112278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent a promising cell source for rapid reendothelialization of damaged vasculature after expansion ex vivo and injection into the bloodstream. We characterized the dynamic adhesion of umbilical-cord-blood-derived EPCs (CB-EPCs) to surfaces coated with fibronectin. CB-EPC solution density affected the number of adherent cells and larger cells preferentially adhered at lower cell densities. The number of adherent cells varied with shear stress, with the maximum number of adherent cells and the shear stress at maximum adhesion depending upon fluid viscosity. CB-EPCs underwent limited rolling, transiently tethering for short distances before firm arrest. Immediately before arrest, the instantaneous velocity decreased independent of shear stress. A dimensional analysis indicated that adhesion was a function of the net force on the cells, the ratio of cell diffusion to sliding speed, and molecular diffusivity. Adhesion was not limited by the settling rate and was highly specific to α(5)β(1) integrin. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy showed that CB-EPCs produced multiple contacts of α(5)β(1) with the surface and the contact area grew during the first 20 min of attachment. These results demonstrate that CB-EPC adhesion from blood can occur under physiological levels of shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew G Angelos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Telen MJ, Truskey GA, Wax A. Quantitative microscopy and nanoscopy of sickle red blood cells performed by wide field digital interferometry. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:030506. [PMID: 21456860 DOI: 10.1117/1.3556717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have applied wide-field digital interferometry (WFDI) to examine the morphology and dynamics of live red blood cells (RBCs) from individuals who suffer from sickle cell anemia (SCA), a genetic disorder that affects the structure and mechanical properties of RBCs. WFDI is a noncontact, label-free optical microscopy approach that can yield quantitative thickness profiles of RBCs and measurements of their membrane fluctuations at the nanometer scale reflecting their stiffness. We find that RBCs from individuals with SCA are significantly stiffer than those from a healthy control. Moreover, we show that the technique is sensitive enough to distinguish classes of RBCs in SCA, including sickle RBCs with apparently normal morphology, compared to the stiffer crescent-shaped sickle RBCs. We expect that this approach will be useful for diagnosis of SCA and for determining efficacy of therapeutic agents.
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Abstract
We present a fiber-optic low-coherence imaging technique, termed spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy (SD-DIC), for quantitative DIC imaging of both reflective surfaces and transparent biological specimens. SD-DIC combines the common-path nature of a Nomarski DIC interferometer with the high sensitivity of spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry to obtain high-resolution, quantitative measurements of optical pathlength gradients from a single point on the sample. Full-field imaging can be achieved by scanning the sample. A reflected-light SD-DIC system was demonstrated using a USAF resolution target as the phase object. Live cardiomyocytes were also imaged, achieving a resolution of 36 pm for pathlength gradient measurements. The dynamics of cardiomyocyte contraction were recorded with high sensitivity at selected sites on the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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11
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Brown MA, Zhang L, Levering VW, Wu JH, Satterwhite LL, Brian L, Freedman NJ, Truskey GA. Human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial cells reendothelialize vein grafts and prevent thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2150-5. [PMID: 20798381 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.207076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To accelerate vein graft reendothelialization and reduce vein graft thrombosis by infusing human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial cells (hCB-ECs) because loss of endothelium contributes to vein graft thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Under steady flow conditions in vitro, hCB-ECs adhered to smooth muscle cells 2.5 to 13 times more than ECs derived from peripheral blood or human aorta (P<0.05). Compared with peripheral blood and human aorta ECs, hCB-ECs had 1.4-fold more cell surface α(5)β(1) integrin heterodimers per cell (P<0.05) and proliferated on fibronectin 4- to 10-fold more rapidly (P<0.05). Therefore, we used hCB-ECs to enhance reendothelialization of carotid interposition vein grafts implanted in NOD.CB17-Prkdc(scid)/J mice. Two weeks postoperatively, vein grafts from hCB-EC-treated mice demonstrated approximately 55% reendothelialization and no luminal thrombosis. In contrast, vein grafts from sham-treated mice demonstrated luminal thrombosis in 75% of specimens (P<0.05) and only approximately 14% reendothelialization. In vein grafts from hCB-EC-treated mice, 33±10% of the endothelium was of human origin, as judged by human major histocompatibility class I expression. CONCLUSIONS The hCB-ECs adhere to smooth muscle cells under flow conditions in vitro, accelerate vein graft reendothelialization in vivo, and prevent vein graft thrombosis. Thus, hCB-ECs offer novel therapeutic possibilities for vein graft disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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12
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Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Bursac N, Wax A. Whole-cell-analysis of live cardiomyocytes using wide-field interferometric phase microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2010; 1:706-719. [PMID: 21258502 PMCID: PMC3018002 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We apply wide-field interferometric microscopy techniques to acquire quantitative phase profiles of ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro during their rapid contraction with high temporal and spatial resolution. The whole-cell phase profiles are analyzed to yield valuable quantitative parameters characterizing the cell dynamics, without the need to decouple thickness from refractive index differences. Our experimental results verify that these new parameters can be used with wide field interferometric microscopy to discriminate the modulation of cardiomyocyte contraction dynamics due to temperature variation. To demonstrate the necessity of the proposed numerical analysis for cardiomyocytes, we present confocal dual-fluorescence-channel microscopy results which show that the rapid motion of the cell organelles during contraction preclude assuming a homogenous refractive index over the entire cell contents, or using multiple-exposure or scanning microscopy.
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Mythreye K, Satterwhite LL, Davidson WS, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. ApoA-I induced CD31 in bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cells increases adhesion: implications for vascular repair. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:703-9. [PMID: 18775511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic over expression of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) the major structural apolipoprotein of HDL appears to convey the most consistent and strongest anti atherogenic effect observed in animal models so far. We tested the hypothesis that ApoA-I mediates its cardio protective effects additionally through ApoA-I induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in vitro. This study demonstrates that lineage negative bone marrow cells (lin(-) BMCs) alter and differentiate in response to free ApoA-I. We find that lin(-) BMCs in culture treated with recombinant free ApoA-I at a concentration of 0.4 microM are twice as large in size and have altered cell morphology compared to untreated cells; untreated cells retain the original spheroid morphology. Further, the total number of CD31 positive cells in the ApoA-I treated population consistently increased by two fold. This phenotype was significantly reduced in untreated cells and points towards a novel ApoA-I dependent differentiation. A protein lacking its best lipid-binding region (ApoA-I Delta 10) did not stimulate any changes in the lin(-)BMCs indicating that ApoA-I may mediate its effects by regulating cholesterol efflux. The increased CD31 correlates with an increased ability of the lin(-) BMCs to adhere to both fibronectin and mouse brain endothelial cells. Our results provide the first evidence that exogenous free ApoA-I has the capacity to change the characteristics of progenitor cell populations and suggests a novel mechanism by which HDL may mediate its cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 209 MSRB1 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Wang H, Yan B, Satterwhite LL, Ma Q, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. Increased activity of phosphatase PP2A in the presence of the PlA2 polymorphism of alphaIIbbeta3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 367:72-7. [PMID: 18155662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in alphaIIbbeta3 are important genetic factors that alter platelet biology and have been associated with susceptibility to thromboembolic disorders. To define the molecular mechanisms that lead to variance in thrombotic diathesis dictated by the beta3 polymorphism, we examined regulation of intracellular signaling by alphaIIbbeta3, and studied the effects of a common beta subunit PlA2 polymorphism. We found that PP2A regulates alphaIIbbeta3 control of the ERK signaling in a polymorphism specific fashion. In CHO cells, exogenous expression of alphaIIbbeta3 reduced ATP-stimulated ERK phosphorylation and more so for PlA2 than PlA1. Interestingly, reduced level of ERK phosphorylation correlated with an increase in PP2A activity, with higher activity associated with PlA2 than PlA1. We tested the effect of PP2A on alphaIIbbeta3-dependent adhesion, and found that PP2A overexpression increased cell adhesion, while phosphatase inhibitors decreased cell adhesion. We propose that PlA2 alters cell signaling at least in part by increasing beta3-associated PP2A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Moldovan L, Mythreye K, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Satterwhite LL. Reactive oxygen species in vascular endothelial cell motility. Roles of NAD(P)H oxidase and Rac1. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 71:236-46. [PMID: 16782079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2006] [Revised: 04/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are acknowledged generally to be multi-faceted regulators of cellular functions that trigger various pathological states when present chronically or transiently at non-physiologically high levels. Here we focus on the physiological involvement of ROS in cellular motility, with special emphasis on endothelial cells (EC). An important source of ROS within EC is the non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase, and the small GTPase Rac1 plays a central role in activating this complex. Rac1 is one of the three Rho-family molecules (Rac, Rho and Cdc42) involved in the control of the actin cytoskeleton in response to various signals. In this review we examine the evidence linking ROS production, Rac1 activation and actin organization to EC motility, considering mechanisms for direct interaction of ROS and actin and the effects of ROS on proteins that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. The accumulated evidence suggests that ROS are important regulators of the actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular motility, and more in-depth studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Moldovan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
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Abstract
Kar3 is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that is implicated in meiotic and mitotic spindle function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To date, the only truncated protein of Kar3 that has been reported to promote unidirectional movement in vitro is GSTKar3. This motor contains an NH2-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag followed by the Kar3 sequence that is predicted to form an extended alpha-helical coiled-coil. The alpha-helical domain leads into the neck linker and COOH-terminal motor domain. Kar3 does not homodimerize with itself but forms a heterodimer with either Cik1 or Vik1, both of which are non-motor polypeptides. We evaluated the microtubule-GSTKar3 complex in comparison to the microtubule-Kar3 motor domain complex to determine the distinctive mechanistic features required for GSTKar3 motility. Our results indicate that ATP binding was significantly faster for GSTKar3 than that observed previously for the Kar3 motor domain. In addition, microtubule-activated ADP release resulted in an intermediate that bound ADP weakly in contrast to the Kar3 motor domain, suggesting that after ADP release, the microtubule-GSTKar3 motor binds ATP in preference to ADP. The kinetics also showed that GST-Kar3 readily detached from the microtubule rather than remaining bound for multiple ATP turnovers. These results indicate that the extended alpha-helical domain NH2-terminal to the catalytic core provides the structural transitions in response to the ATPase cycle that are critical for motility and that dimerization is not specifically required. This study provides the foundation to define the mechanistic contributions of Cik1 and Vik1 for Kar3 force generation and function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Mackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Endow SA, Kang SJ, Satterwhite LL, Rose MD, Skeen VP, Salmon ED. Yeast Kar3 is a minus-end microtubule motor protein that destabilizes microtubules preferentially at the minus ends. EMBO J 1994; 13:2708-13. [PMID: 7912193 PMCID: PMC395145 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutants of the yeast Kar3 protein are defective in nuclear fusion, or karyogamy, during mating and show slow mitotic growth, indicating a requirement for the protein both during mating and in mitosis. DNA sequence analysis predicts that Kar3 is a microtubule motor protein related to kinesin, but with the motor domain at the C-terminus of the protein rather than the N-terminus as in kinesin heavy chain. We have expressed Kar3 as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and determined the in vitro motility properties of the bacterially expressed protein. The GST-Kar3 fusion protein bound to a coverslip translocates microtubules in gliding assays with a velocity of 1-2 microns/min and moves towards microtubule minus ends, unlike kinesin but like kinesin-related Drosophila ncd. Taxol-stabilized microtubules bound to GST-Kar3 on a coverslip shorten as they glide, resulting in faster lagging end, than leading end, velocities. Comparison of lagging and leading end velocities with velocities of asymmetrical axoneme-microtubule complexes indicates that microtubules shorten preferentially from the lagging or minus ends. The minus end-directed translocation and microtubule bundling of GST-Kar3 is consistent with models in which the Kar3 protein crosslinks internuclear microtubules and mediates nuclear fusion by moving towards microtubule minus ends, pulling the two nuclei together. In mitotic cells, the minus end motility of Kar3 could move chromosomes polewards, either by attaching to kinetochores and moving them polewards along microtubules, or by attaching to kinetochore microtubules and pulling them polewards along other polar microtubules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Endow
- Department of Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Page BD, Satterwhite LL, Rose MD, Snyder M. Localization of the Kar3 kinesin heavy chain-related protein requires the Cik1 interacting protein. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1994; 124:507-19. [PMID: 8106549 PMCID: PMC2119913 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.124.4.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kar3 protein (Kar3p), a protein related to kinesin heavy chain, and the Cik1 protein (Cik1p) appear to participate in the same cellular processes in S. cerevisiae. Phenotypic analysis of mutants indicates that both CIK1 and KAR3 participate in spindle formation and karyogamy. In addition, the expression of both genes is induced by pheromone treatment. In vegetatively growing cells, both Cik1::beta-gal and Kar3::beta-gal fusions localize to the spindle pole body (SPB), and after pheromone treatment both fusion proteins localize to the spindle pole body and cytoplasmic microtubules. The dependence of Cik1p and Kar3p localization upon one another was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence of fusion proteins in pheromone-treated cells. The Cik1p::beta-gal fusion does not localize to the SPB or microtubules in a kar3 delta strain, and the Kar3p::beta-gal fusion protein does not localize to microtubule-associated structures in a cik1 delta strain. Thus, these proteins appear to be interdependent for localization to the SPB and microtubules. Analysis by both the two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicates that Cik1p and kar3p interact, suggesting that they are part of the same protein complex. These data indicate that interaction between a putative kinesin heavy chain-related protein and another protein can determine the localization of motor activity and thereby affect the functional specificity of the motor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Page
- Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Abstract
The last year has seen dramatic progress in the use of genetic and biochemical approaches to identify microtubule-organizing center components. The use of vertebrate and invertebrate egg extracts has allowed the development of novel assays for centrosome duplication and activation. A variety of mutations in fungi are being used to sort out the pathway of spindle pole body duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Rose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08455-1014
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Satterwhite LL, Lohka MJ, Wilson KL, Scherson TY, Cisek LJ, Corden JL, Pollard TD. Phosphorylation of myosin-II regulatory light chain by cyclin-p34cdc2: a mechanism for the timing of cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 1992; 118:595-605. [PMID: 1386367 PMCID: PMC2289554 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.118.3.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how cytokinesis is regulated during mitosis, we tested cyclin-p34cdc2 for myosin-II kinase activity, and investigated the mitotic-specific phosphorylation of myosin-II in lysates of Xenopus eggs. Purified cyclin-p34cdc2 phosphorylated the regulatory light chain of cytoplasmic and smooth muscle myosin-II in vitro on serine-1 or serine-2 and threonine-9, sites known to inhibit the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity of smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin (Nishikawa, M., J. R. Sellers, R. S. Adelstein, and H. Hidaka. 1984. J. Biol. Chem. 259:8808-8814; Bengur, A. R., A. E. Robinson, E. Appella, and J. R. Sellers. 1987. J. Biol. Chem. 262:7613-7617; Ikebe, M., and S. Reardon. 1990. Biochemistry. 29:2713-2720). Serine-1 or -2 of the regulatory light chain of Xenopus cytoplasmic myosin-II was also phosphorylated in Xenopus egg lysates stabilized in metaphase, but not in interphase. Inhibition of myosin-II by cyclin-p34cdc2 during prophase and metaphase could delay cytokinesis until chromosome segregation is initiated and thus determine the timing of cytokinesis relative to earlier events in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Satterwhite
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Abstract
The actomyosin contractile-ring mechanism remains the paradigm for cytokinesis after 20 years of experimental testing. Recent evidence suggests that Ca2+ triggers the contraction and that cell-cycle kinases regulate the timing of cytokinesis. New work is required to identify the signals from the mitotic spindle that specify the position of the furrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Satterwhite
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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