1
|
Allal L, Mahrous H, Saad A, Refaei S, Attia M, Mahrous I, Fahim M, Elfadaly S, Abdelnabi A. From Four-Way Linking to a One Health Platform in Egypt: institutionalisation of a multidisciplinary and multisectoral One Health system. REV SCI TECH OIE 2019; 38:261-270. [PMID: 31564724 DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.1.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of humans, animals and our shared environment results in a dynamic in which the health of each group is inextricably linked. Taking into account the fact that the majority of emerging pathogens (e.g. highly pathogenic avian influenza [HPAI], severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Nipah virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic diseases, Egypt has established a national One Health coordination mechanism. The primary purpose of this mechanism is to provide a comprehensive, strategic approach to concurrent and future health challenges that are facing public and animal heath, including environmental impacts. In this way, the public health, animal health and environment sectors can improve disease mitigation measures, develop stronger and more stable public and animal health services, promote effective national communication strategies and improve One Health collaboration among all relevant sectors. In Egypt, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) currently assist in hosting the country's Four-Way Linking Task Force with the participation of the convening Ministries (Ministry of Health and Population, Ministry of Environment, and Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation [MOALR] - through the General Organisation for Veterinary Services and the MOALR's laboratories). In the context of the Emerging Pandemic Threats 2 Program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), FAO plans to assist Egypt in establishing a robust, multidisciplinary and multisectoral One Health system. This system is based on the solid foundation of the Four-Way Linking Platform, which combines information from four functional streams - epidemiology, laboratories, and animal and human health. Egypt's platform will involve all sectors concerned with HPAI control and combine all stakeholders in an integrated, holistic approach to improve the detection of, response to and control of any threats at the human- animal-environment interface in Egypt.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kandeil A, Gomaa M, Shehata M, El-Taweel A, Kayed AE, Abiadh A, Jrijer J, Moatasim Y, Kutkat O, Bagato O, Mahmoud S, Mostafa A, El-Shesheny R, Perera RA, Ko RL, Hassan N, Elsokary B, Allal L, Saad A, Sobhy H, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Peiris M, Ali MA, Kayali G. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in non-camelid domestic mammals. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:103-108. [PMID: 30866764 PMCID: PMC6455111 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2018.1560235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dromedary camels are natural host of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). However, there are limited studies of MERS-CoV infection of other domestic mammals exposed to infected dromedaries. We expanded our surveillance among camels in Egypt, Tunisia, and Senegal to include other domestic mammalian species in contact with infected camels. A total of 820 sera and 823 nasal swabs from cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, buffaloes, mules, and horses were collected. Swabs were tested using RT-PCR and virus RNA-positive samples were genetically sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Sera were screened using virus microneutralization tests and positive sera (where available) were confirmed using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). We detected 90% PRNT confirmed MERS-CoV antibody in 35 (55.6%) of 63 sera from sheep collected from Senegal, two sheep (1.8%) of 114 in Tunisia and a goat (0.9%) of 107 in Egypt, with titres ranging from 1:80 to ≥1:320. We detected MERS-CoV RNA in swabs from three sheep (1.2%) of 254 and five goats (4.1%) of 121 from Egypt and Senegal, as well as one cow (1.9%) of 53 and three donkeys (7.1%) of 42 from Egypt. Partial sequences of the RT-PCR amplicons confirmed specificity of the results. This study showed that domestic livestock in contact with MERS-CoV infected camels may be at risk of infection. We recommend expanding current MERS-CoV surveillance in animals to include other livestock in close contact with dromedary camels. The segregation of camels from other livestock in farms and live animal markets may need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kandeil
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Gomaa
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Taweel
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Kayed
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | | | | | - Yassmin Moatasim
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ola Bagato
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sara Mahmoud
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt.,c Institute of Medical Virology , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt.,d St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , TN , USA
| | | | - Ronald Lw Ko
- e School of Public Health , University of Hong Kong , Sandy Bay , Hong Kong
| | - Nagla Hassan
- f General Organizations of Veterinary Services , Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation , Giza , Egypt
| | - Basma Elsokary
- f General Organizations of Veterinary Services , Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation , Giza , Egypt
| | - Lotfi Allal
- g Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saad
- g Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases , Giza , Egypt
| | - Heba Sobhy
- g Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases , Giza , Egypt
| | | | - Richard J Webby
- d St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Malik Peiris
- e School of Public Health , University of Hong Kong , Sandy Bay , Hong Kong
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- a Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- h Human Link , Baabda , Lebanon.,i University of Texas Health Sciences Center , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jarreau PH, Allal L, Autret F, Azria E, Anselem O, Boujenah L, Crenn-Hebert C, Desfrere L, Girard G, Goffinet F, Huon C, Kayem G, Lamau MC, Legardeur H, Luton D, Menard S, Patkai J, Rajguru-Kasemi M, Tessier V. Prise en charge de la prématurité extrême. Réflexions du département hospitalo-universitaire (DHU) « risques et grossesse ». Arch Pediatr 2017; 24:1287-1292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
4
|
Horm SV, Tarantola A, Rith S, Ly S, Gambaretti J, Duong V, Y P, Sorn S, Holl D, Allal L, Kalpravidh W, Dussart P, Horwood PF, Buchy P. Intense circulation of A/H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses in Cambodian live-bird markets with serological evidence of sub-clinical human infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e70. [PMID: 27436362 PMCID: PMC5141262 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry and environmental samples was conducted in four live-bird markets in Cambodia from January through November 2013. Through real-time RT-PCR testing, AIVs were detected in 45% of 1048 samples collected throughout the year. Detection rates ranged from 32% and 18% in duck and chicken swabs, respectively, to 75% in carcass wash water samples. Influenza A/H5N1 virus was detected in 79% of samples positive for influenza A virus and 35% of all samples collected. Sequence analysis of full-length haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from A/H5N1 viruses, and full-genome analysis of six representative isolates, revealed that the clade 1.1.2 reassortant virus associated with Cambodian human cases during 2013 was the only A/H5N1 virus detected during the year. However, multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of HA and NA genes revealed co-circulation of at least nine low pathogenic AIVs from HA1, HA2, HA3, HA4, HA6, HA7, HA9, HA10 and HA11 subtypes. Four repeated serological surveys were conducted throughout the year in a cohort of 125 poultry workers. Serological testing found an overall prevalence of 4.5% and 1.8% for antibodies to A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, respectively. Seroconversion rates of 3.7 and 0.9 cases per 1000 person-months participation were detected for A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, respectively. Peak AIV circulation was associated with the Lunar New Year festival. Knowledge of periods of increased circulation of avian influenza in markets should inform intervention measures such as market cleaning and closures to reduce risk of human infections and emergence of novel AIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srey Viseth Horm
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Juliette Gambaretti
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Phalla Y
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - San Sorn
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Davun Holl
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Lotfi Allal
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | | | - Philippe Dussart
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia.,GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore 189720, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
In Cambodia, influenza A(H5N1) virus surveillance at live poultry markets (LPMs) relies on virus isolation from poultry specimens; however, virus is rarely detected by this method. We tested 502 environmental LPM samples: 90 were positive by PCR, 10 by virus isolation. Virus circulation could be better monitored by environmental sampling of LPMs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Theary R, San S, Davun H, Allal L, Lu H. New Outbreaks of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Domestic Poultry and Wild Birds in Cambodia in 2011. Avian Dis 2012; 56:861-4. [DOI: 10.1637/10195-041012-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Rodrigues A, Faucher P, Batallan A, Allal L, Legac S, Matheron S, Madelenat P. Accouchement des patientes enceintes infectées par le VIH : étude rétrospective de 358 grossesses suivies entre 2000 et 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:304-11. [PMID: 16574463 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the mode of delivery of HIV-infected women and the risk of mother-to-child transmission. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study conducted on HIV-infected women who delivered at the maternity ward of Bichat Hospital in Paris between 1st January 2000 and 31(st) December 2004. Pregnancy care, antiretroviral therapy, decision of the mode of delivery and neonate treatment were conformable to the French recommendations. RESULTS The analysis was performed on 332 cases out of 358 pregnancies followed during this period. 75% received a Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART), 24% an AZT monotherapy and 1% did not receive any antiretroviral treatment. Plasmatic HIV viral load was under the level of detectability (50 copies/ml) for 64,6% of women under HAART and 28,7% of women under AZT monotherapy. Only 31,7% of women under HAART delivered vaginally. 44,7% of women under HAART with undetectable viral load at the moment of delivery delivered vaginally. 59,5% of women who were allowed to deliver vaginally had finally a vaginal delivery. 332 women gave birth to 341 babies with 9 twin pregnancies and one still-birth at 22 WA. Out of these 340 babies, 3 babies whose mother received HAART were HIV infected (2 in utero and 1 per-partum). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The reasons why only one third of HIV-infected women could deliver vaginally in this study are primarily the persistence of a detectable HIV viral load under HAART. Women's choice of the mode of delivery comes next, which depends on the quality of the counselling about the benefits and risks of the cesarean section in the context of HIV infection. The third reason is obstetrical contra indications to vaginal delivery in the context of HIV infection. In the future, it is possible to reduce the incidence of cesarean section in HIV-infected women by elevating the level of HIV plasmatic viral load which allowed vaginal delivery (1000 copies/ml), by improving the observance to antiretroviral treatment, by adaptating antiretroviral medications posology using determination of serum protease inhibitors concentration and by modifying obstetrical management with less restrictive contra indications to vaginal delivery. However the impact of prophylactic cesarean section when plasmatic HIV viral load is undetectable must still be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rodrigues
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Maternité Aline-de-Crépy, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|