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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum that includes abnormalities in liver function indicative of liver damage. Conversely, people with liver diseases are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. In the current review, we summarize first the epidemiologic evidence describing the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and liver function/liver diseases. Additionally, we present the most frequent histologic findings as well as the most important direct and indirect mechanisms supporting a COVID-19 mediated liver injury. Furthermore, we focus on the most frequent liver disease in the general population, non-alcoholic or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD), and describe how COVID-19 may affect NAFLD/MAFLD development and progression and conversely how NAFLD/MAFLD may further aggravate a COVID-19 infection. Finally, we present the long-term consequences of the pandemic on the development and management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Hoffmann
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine III, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp A Gerber
- University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cavelti-Weder
- University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Louisa Licht
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine III, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reham Kotb
- Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Al Dweik
- Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Department of Public Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michele Cherfane
- Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine III, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine III, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, Dresden, Germany
- Neuherberg, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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Pickett M, Brennan AM, Greenberg HS, Licht L, Worrell JD. Use of debriefing techniques to prevent compassion fatigue in research teams. Nurs Res 1994; 43:250-2. [PMID: 8047431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pickett
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia
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Abstract
An elastic foil under tension is wrapped partly around a rotating cylinder and is supported on a thin film of air. Capacitance probes, coincident with the surface of the cylinder, scan the air gap along the arc of wrap. The cylinder can be traversed across the width of the stationary foil, so that the topography of the air gap can be determined from a series of circumferential scans. Experimental results are compared quantitatively with theoretical predictions for the perfectly flexible and for the elastic foil bearing of infinite width [8, 12]. A comparison is also made with theory, for the case when the angle of wrap is small and the entrance and exit transition zones merge [9]. The effect of foil and gap width on side leakage is illustrated. The last part of this study deals with elastic foil bearings of finite width and with the characteristic “edge effect” in particular. The influence of various parameters on the nature of the displacement field of foils is demonstrated and related to recent analyses [13].
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Licht
- Ampex Corporation, Redwood City, Calif
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De Mille R, Licht L. Failure of an alternation--learning test to discriminate between lobotomized and unlobotomized schizophrenics. J Abnorm Psychol 1966; 71:60-4. [PMID: 5902555 DOI: 10.1037/h0022919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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