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Silva FG, Passerini ABS, Ozorio L, Picone CSF, Perrechil FA. Interactions between pea protein and gellan gum for the development of plant-based structures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128113. [PMID: 37977459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based analogs have been developed to mimic foods from animal sources by using ingredients from vegetable sources. Among the strategies to produce plant-based structures is the gelation of mixtures between plant proteins and polysaccharides. In this study, our aim was to investigate gels of pea proteins and gellan gum with high protein concentration and the addition of salt (potassium and sodium chloride). In the first step, a qualitative mapping was performed to select pea protein and gellan gum concentrations to produce self-sustainable gels. After that, the effect of salt addition was investigated for the formulations containing 10-15 % (wt) pea protein and 0.5-1 % (wt) gellan gum. The results showed that the gels containing potassium ions were more rigid and less deformable, with lesser water loss by syneresis. The morphological analysis showed a spatial exclusion of pea protein from the gel network mainly structured by the gellan gum. While potassium ions led to a more compact network, calcium ions promoted higher pores in the structure. Depending on the composition, the mechanical properties of gels were similar to some products from animal sources. So, the information obtained from these gels can be applied to the structuring of formulations in the development of plant-based analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - A B S Passerini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - L Ozorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - C S F Picone
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - F A Perrechil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Ozorio L, Mellinger-Silva C, Cabral LMC, Jardin J, Boudry G, Dupont D. The Influence of Peptidases in Intestinal Brush Border Membranes on the Absorption of Oligopeptides from Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Ex Vivo Study Using an Ussing Chamber. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101415. [PMID: 33036372 PMCID: PMC7601095 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, it was believed that only amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides could be absorbed and thus reach the bloodstream. Nowadays, the bioavailability of oligopeptides is also considered possible, leading to new research. This pilot study investigates the activity of brush border enzymes on undigested whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and on simulated intestinal digested (ID) whey hydrolysate and the subsequent absorption of resultant peptides through the proximal jejunum of a 7-week old piglet setup in an Ussing chamber model. Amongst all samples taken, 884 oligopeptides were identified. The brush border peptidase activity was intense in the first 10 min of the experiment, producing several new peptides in the apical compartment. With respect to the ID substrate, 286 peptides were detected in the basolateral compartment after 120 min of enzyme activity, originating from β-lactoglobulin (60%) and β-casein (20%). Nevertheless, only 0.6 to 3.35% of any specific peptide could pass through the epithelial barrier and thus reach the basolateral compartment. This study demonstrates transepithelial jejunum absorption of whey oligopeptides in an ex vivo model. It also confirmed the proteolytic activity of brush border enzymes on these oligopeptides, giving birth to a myriad of new bioactive peptides available for absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Ozorio
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044020, Brazil;
| | | | - Lourdes M. C. Cabral
- EMBRAPA Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020470, Brazil; (C.M.-S.); (L.M.C.C.)
| | - Julien Jardin
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France;
| | - Gaelle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France;
| | - Didier Dupont
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-2348-5335
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Ozorio L, Matsubara NK, da Silva-Santos JE, Henry G, Le Gouar Y, Jardin J, Mellinger-Silva C, Cabral LMC, Dupont D. Gastrointestinal digestion enhances the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of a whey hydrolysate in rat aortic rings. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109188. [PMID: 32466916 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Whey proteins present encrypted biofunctional peptides that need to be released from the native protein to exert their biological activity. Antihypertensive whey peptides are the most studied ones, which can be explained by high prevalence of this chronic degenerative disease. The present study investigated whether the molecular changes occurred during the gastrointestinal digestion of a whey protein hydrolysate could modulate its vasorelaxant potential in rat aortic rings. Spectrophotometric data and SDS-PAGE gel showed a small degree of hydrolysis during the gastric phase and intense intestinal proteolysis. RP-HPLC revealed the formation of a large peptide profile. During the simulated digestion, 198 peptides were generated and identified and, left-shifted the concentration-response curve of the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, as recorded for the digested hydrolysates. In conclusion, gastrointestinal digestion of the whey hydrolysate leads to the generation of bioactive peptides with enhanced vasodilatory potency, reinforcing the relevance of whey-derived products in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Ozorio
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21044-020, Brazil
| | - Natália Kimie Matsubara
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Mellinger-Silva
- EMBRAPA Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas, 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 23020-470, Brazil.
| | - Lourdes M C Cabral
- EMBRAPA Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas, 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 23020-470, Brazil
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Ozorio L, Pereira NR, da Silva-Santos JE, Brígida AI, Mellinger-Silva C, Cabral LM. Enzyme inactivation and drying technologies influencing the vasorelaxant activity of a whey protein hydrolysate in semi-pilot scale. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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