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Blanco-Obregon D, Katz MJ, Durrieu L, Gándara L, Wappner P. Context-specific functions of Notch in Drosophila blood cell progenitors. Dev Biol 2020; 462:101-115. [PMID: 32243888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila Larval hematopoiesis takes place at the lymph gland, where myeloid-like progenitors differentiate into Plasmatocytes and Crystal Cells, under regulation of conserved signaling pathways. It has been established that the Notch pathway plays a specific role in Crystal Cell differentiation and maintenance. In mammalian hematopoiesis, the Notch pathway has been proposed to fulfill broader functions, including Hematopoietic Stem Cell maintenance and cell fate decision in progenitors. In this work we describe different roles that Notch plays in the lymph gland. We show that Notch, activated by its ligand Serrate, expressed at the Posterior Signaling Center, is required to restrain Core Progenitor differentiation. We define a novel population of blood cell progenitors that we name Distal Progenitors, where Notch, activated by Serrate expressed in Lineage Specifying Cells at the Medullary Zone/Cortical Zone boundary, regulates a binary decision between Plasmatocyte and Crystal Cell fates. Thus, Notch plays context-specific functions in different blood cell progenitor populations of the Drosophila lymph gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blanco-Obregon
- Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - M J Katz
- Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Durrieu
- Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - L Gándara
- Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Wappner
- Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
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Gándara L, Durrieu L, Behrensen C, Wappner P. A genetic toolkit for the analysis of metabolic changes in Drosophila provides new insights into metabolic responses to stress and malignant transformation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19945. [PMID: 31882718 PMCID: PMC6934733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the energetic metabolism occurs fundamentally at the cellular level, so analytical strategies must aim to attain single cell resolution to fully embrace its inherent complexity. We have developed methods to utilize a toolset of metabolic FRET sensors for assessing lactate, pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate levels of Drosophila tissues in vivo by imaging techniques. We show here how the energetic metabolism is altered by hypoxia: While some larval tissues respond to low oxygen levels by executing a metabolic switch towards lactic fermentation, the fat body and salivary glands do not alter their energetic metabolism. Analysis of tumor metabolism revealed that depending on the genetic background, some tumors undergo a lactogenic switch typical of the Warburg effect, while other tumors do not. This toolset allows for developmental and physiologic studies in genetically manipulated Drosophila individuals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gándara
- Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Durrieu
- Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular, y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Behrensen
- Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Wappner
- Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular, y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Durrieu L, Kirrmaier D, Schneidt T, Kats I, Raghavan S, Hufnagel L, Saunders TE, Knop M. Bicoid gradient formation mechanism and dynamics revealed by protein lifetime analysis. Mol Syst Biol 2018; 14:e8355. [PMID: 30181144 PMCID: PMC6121778 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis relies on instructions provided by spatially organized signaling molecules known as morphogens. Understanding the principles behind morphogen distribution and how cells interpret locally this information remains a major challenge in developmental biology. Here, we introduce morphogen-age measurements as a novel approach to test models of morphogen gradient formation. Using a tandem fluorescent timer as a protein age sensor, we find a gradient of increasing age of Bicoid along the anterior-posterior axis in the early Drosophila embryo. Quantitative analysis of the protein age distribution across the embryo reveals that the synthesis-diffusion-degradation model is the most likely model underlying Bicoid gradient formation, and rules out other hypotheses for gradient formation. Moreover, we show that the timer can detect transitions in the dynamics associated with syncytial cellularization. Our results provide new insight into Bicoid gradient formation and demonstrate how morphogen-age information can complement knowledge about movement, abundance, and distribution, which should be widely applicable to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Durrieu
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kirrmaier
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schneidt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Kats
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarada Raghavan
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Hufnagel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Michael Knop
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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Karlsson M, Janzén DLI, Durrieu L, Colman-Lerner A, Kjellsson MC, Cedersund G. Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling for single cell estimation: when, why, and how to use it. BMC Syst Biol 2015; 9:52. [PMID: 26335227 PMCID: PMC4559169 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies of cell-to-cell variation have in recent years grown in interest, due to improved bioanalytical techniques which facilitates determination of small changes with high uncertainty. Like much high-quality data, single-cell data is best analysed using a systems biology approach. The most common systems biology approach to single-cell data is the standard two-stage (STS) approach. In STS, data from each cell is analysed in a separate sub-problem, meaning that only data from the same cell is used to calculate the parameter values within that cell. Because only parts of the data are considered, problems with parameter unidentifiability are exaggerated in STS. In contrast, a related approach to data analysis has been developed for the studies of patient-to-patient variations. This approach, called nonlinear mixed-effects modelling (NLME), makes use of all data, when estimating the patient-specific parameters. NLME would therefore be advantageous compared to STS also for the study of cell-to-cell variation. However, no such systematic evaluation of the two approaches exists. Results Herein, such a systematic comparison between STS and NLME has been performed. Different examples, both linear and nonlinear, and both simulated and real experimental data, have been examined. With informative data, there is no significant difference in the results for either parameter or noise estimation. However, when data becomes uninformative, NLME is significantly superior to STS. These results hold independently of whether the loss of information is due to a low signal-to-noise ratio, too few data points, or a bad input signal. The improvement is shown to come from both the consideration of a joint likelihood (JLH) function, describing all parameters and data, and from an a priori postulated form of the population parameters. Finally, we provide a small tutorial that shows how to use NLME for single-cell analysis, using the free and user-friendly software Monolix. Conclusions When considering uninformative single-cell data, NLME yields more accurate parameter and noise estimates, compared to more traditional approaches, such as STS and JLH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0203-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58185, Sweden.
| | - David L I Janzén
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58185, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Uppsala, SE-58185, Sweden. .,Current Address: Biomedical and Biological Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Modeling and Simulation, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Department of Systems and Data Analysis, Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre, Chalmers Science Park, Gothenburg, SE-412 88, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Durrieu
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Colman-Lerner
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria C Kjellsson
- Pharmacometrics Group, Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58185, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Uppsala, SE-58185, Sweden. .,IKE, Linköping University, Linköping, 58185, Sweden.
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Gregoire-Gauthier J, Durrieu L, Duval A, Fontaine F, Dieng MM, Bourgey M, Patey-Mariaud de Serre N, Louis I, Haddad E. Use of immunoglobulins in the prevention of GvHD in a xenogeneic NOD/SCID/γc- mouse model. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:439-50. [PMID: 21572464 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of IVIG in preventing GvHD has not been definitely demonstrated clinically. Using a xenogeneic model of GvHD in NOD/SCID/γc- (NSG) mice, we showed that weekly administration of IVIG significantly reduced the incidence and associated mortality of GvHD to a degree similar to CsA. Unlike CsA and OKT3, IVIG were not associated with inhibition of human T-cell proliferation in mice. Instead, IVIG significantly inhibited the secretion of human IL-17, IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-15 suggesting that IVIG prevented GvHD by immunomodulation. Furthermore, the pattern of modification of the human cytokine storm differed from that observed with CsA and OKT3. Finally, in a humanized mouse model of immune reconstitution, in which NSG mice were engrafted with human CD34(+) stem cells, IVIG transiently inhibited B-cell reconstitution, whereas peripheral T-cell reconstitution and thymopoiesis were unaffected. Together these in vivo data raise debate related to the appropriateness of IVIG in GvHD prophylaxis. In addition, this model provides an opportunity to further elucidate the precise mechanism(s) by which IVIG inhibit GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gregoire-Gauthier
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Center de Cancérologie Charles-Bruneau, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Massover WH, Lacaze JC, Durrieu L. The ultrastructure of ferritin macromolecules. I. Ultrahigh voltage electron microscopy (1-3 MeV). J Ultrastruct Res 1973; 43:460-75. [PMID: 4578331 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(73)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
UItrathin amorphous coatings have been observed by high-voltage electron microscopy on micrometer-sized dust grains from the Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, and Luna 16 missions. Calibration experiments show that these coatings result from an "ancient" implantation of solar wind ions in the grains. This phenomenon has interdisciplinary applications concerning the past activity of the sun, the lunar albedo, the ancient lunar atmosphere and magnetic field, the carbon content of lunar soils, and lunar dynamic processes.
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