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Hussain KA, Romanova S, Okur I, Zhang D, Kuebler J, Huang X, Wang B, Fernandez-Ballester L, Lu Y, Schubert M, Li Y. Assessing the Release of Microplastics and Nanoplastics from Plastic Containers and Reusable Food Pouches: Implications for Human Health. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37343248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the release of microplastics and nanoplastics from plastic containers and reusable food pouches under different usage scenarios, using DI water and 3% acetic acid as food simulants for aqueous foods and acidic foods. The results indicated that microwave heating caused the highest release of microplastics and nanoplastics into food compared to other usage scenarios, such as refrigeration or room-temperature storage. It was found that some containers could release as many as 4.22 million microplastic and 2.11 billion nanoplastic particles from only one square centimeter of plastic area within 3 min of microwave heating. Refrigeration and room-temperature storage for over six months can also release millions to billions of microplastics and nanoplastics. Additionally, the polyethylene-based food pouch released more particles than polypropylene-based plastic containers. Exposure modeling results suggested that the highest estimated daily intake was 20.3 ng/kg·day for infants drinking microwaved water and 22.1 ng/kg·day for toddlers consuming microwaved dairy products from polypropylene containers. Furthermore, an in vitro study conducted to assess the cell viability showed that the extracted microplastics and nanoplastics released from the plastic container can cause the death of 76.70 and 77.18% of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) at 1000 μg/mL concentration after exposure of 48 and 72 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Albab Hussain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-053, United States
| | - Svetlana Romanova
- Nanomaterials Characterization Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ilhami Okur
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-6205, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-053, United States
| | - Jesse Kuebler
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-6205, United States
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States
| | - Yongfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Mathias Schubert
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, United States
| | - Yusong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-053, United States
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Kuebler J, Loosbrock T, Strzalka J, Fernandez-Ballester L. Direct Observation of Two-Step, Stratified Crystallization and Morphology in Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Kuebler
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Tucker Loosbrock
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Zheng L, Fernandez-Ballester L, Peters GWM, Ma Z. Concomitant Crystallization in Propylene/Ethylene Random Copolymer with Strong Flow at Elevated Temperatures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Monnier X, Chevalier L, Esposito A, Fernandez-Ballester L, Saiter A, Dargent E. Local and segmental motions of the mobile amorphous fraction in semi-crystalline polylactide crystallized under quiescent and flow-induced conditions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schammé B, Dargent E, Fernandez-Ballester L. Effect of Random Ethylene Comonomer on Relaxation of Flow-Induced Precursors in Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schammé
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- UNIROUEN
Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ., 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Eric Dargent
- UNIROUEN
Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ., 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials
and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Balzano L, Ma Z, Cavallo D, van Erp TB, Fernandez-Ballester L, Peters GWM. Molecular Aspects of the Formation of Shish-Kebab in Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Balzano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science
and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim B. van Erp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- DUBBLE beamline, European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Ma Z, Fernandez-Ballester L, Cavallo D, Gough T, Peters GWM. High-Stress Shear-Induced Crystallization in Isotactic Polypropylene and Propylene/Ethylene Random Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DUBBLE at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz,
38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Gough
- School of Engineering, Design
and Technology, University of Bradford,
Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Fernandez-Ballester L, Thurman DW, Zhou W, Kornfield JA. Effect of Long Chains on the Threshold Stresses for Flow-Induced Crystallization in iPP: Shish Kebabs vs Sausages. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Department of Mechanical and
Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Derek W. Thurman
- Baytown Technology and Engineering
Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Co., 5200
Bayway Dr., Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Core R&D − Materials Science & Engineering, The Dow Chemical Company, 2301 N. Brazosport Blvd., B-1470, Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
| | - Julia A. Kornfield
- Division of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Balzano L, Cavallo D, Van Erp TB, Ma Z, Housmans JW, Fernandez-Ballester L, Peters GWM. Dynamics of fibrillar precursors of shishes as a function of stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/14/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fernandez-Ballester L, Gough T, Meneau F, Bras W, Ania F, Balta-Calleja FJ, Kornfield JA. Simultaneous birefringence, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering to detect precursors and characterize morphology development during flow-induced crystallization of polymers. J Synchrotron Radiat 2008; 15:185-190. [PMID: 18296786 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049508002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An experimental configuration that combines the powerful capabilities of a short-term shearing apparatus with simultaneous optical and X-ray scattering techniques is demonstrated, connecting the earliest events that occur during shear-induced crystallization of a polymer melt with the subsequent kinetics and morphology development. Oriented precursors are at the heart of the great effects that flow can produce on polymer crystallization (strongly enhanced kinetics and formation of highly oriented crystallites), and their creation is highly dependent on material properties and the level of stress applied. The sensitivity of rheo-optics enables the detection of these dilute shear-induced precursors as they form during flow, before X-ray techniques are able to reveal them. Then, as crystallization occurs from these precursors, X-ray scattering allows detailed quantification of the characteristics and kinetics of growth of the crystallites nucleated by the flow-induced precursors. This simultaneous combination of techniques allows unambiguous correlation between the early events that occur during shear and the evolution of crystallization after flow has stopped, eliminating uncertainties that result from the extreme sensitivity of flow-induced crystallization to small changes in the imposed stress and the material. Experimental data on a bimodal blend of isotactic polypropylenes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Krishnaswamy RK, Yang Q, Fernandez-Ballester L, Kornfield JA. Effect of the Distribution of Short-Chain Branches on Crystallization Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sevegney MS, Parthasarthy G, Kannan RM, Thurman DW, Fernandez-Ballester L. Deformation-Induced Morphology Changes and Orientation Behavior in Syndiotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025774+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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