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Gentles L, Howarth R, Lee WJ, Sharma-Saha S, Ralte A, Curtin N, Drew Y, O'Donnell RL. Integration of computer-aided automated analysis algorithms in the development and validation of immunohistochemistry biomarkers in ovarian cancer. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:469-474. [PMID: 33214200 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In an era when immunohistochemistry (IHC) is increasingly depended on for histological subtyping, and IHC-determined biomarker informing rapid treatment choices is on the horizon; reproducible, quantifiable techniques are required. This study aimed to compare automated IHC scoring to quantify 6 DNA damage response protein markers using a tissue microarray of 66 ovarian cancer samples. Accuracy of quantification was compared between manual H-score and computer-aided quantification using Aperio ImageScope with and without a tissue classification algorithm. High levels of interobserver variation was seen with manual scoring. With automated methods, inclusion of the tissue classifier mask resulted in greater accuracy within carcinomatous areas and an overall increase in H-score of a median of 11.5% (0%-18%). Without the classifier, the score was underestimated by a median of 10.5 (5.2-25.6). Automated methods are reliable and superior to manual scoring. Fixed algorithms offer the reproducibility needed for high-throughout clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gentles
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel Howarth
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Won Ji Lee
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sweta Sharma-Saha
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Angela Ralte
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Gateshead, Gateshead, UK
| | - Nicola Curtin
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yvette Drew
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel Louise O'Donnell
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK rachel.o'.,Northern Centre for Gynaecological Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Zanjirband M, Gentles L, Curtin N, O'Donnell R, Lunec J. 55P Evaluation of MDM2-p53 antagonists, nutlin-3 and RG7388, combined with the PARPi rucaparib in primary cultures of ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay A, Drew Y, Matheson E, Salehan M, Gentles L, Pachter JA, Curtin NJ. Evaluating the potential of kinase inhibitors to suppress DNA repair and sensitise ovarian cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:125-132. [PMID: 30342021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) represent a major advance in the treatment of ovarian cancer associated with defects in homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR), primarily due to mutations in BRCA genes. Imatinib and PI3K inhibitors are reported to downregulate HRR and, in some cases, sensitise cells to PARPi. We investigated the ability of imatinib, and the PI3K inhibitors: NVP-BEZ235 and VS-5584, to downregulate HRR and sensitise paired ovarian cancer cells with mutant and reconstituted BRCA1 to the PARPi, olaparib and rucaparib. Olaparib and imatinib combinations were also measured in primary cultures of ovarian cancer. NVP-BEZ235 and imatinib reduced RAD51 levels and focus formation (an indication of HRR function), but VS-5584 did not. In colony-forming assays none of the inhibitors sensitised cells to PARPi cytotoxicity, in fact there was a mild protective effect. These conflicting data were resolved by the observation that the kinase inhibitors reduced the S-phase fraction, when HRR proteins are at their peak and cells are sensitive to PARPi cytotoxicity. In contrast, in primary cultures in 96-well plate assays, imatinib did increase olaparib-induced growth inhibition. However, in one primary culture that could be used in colony-formation cytotoxicity assays, imatinib protected from olaparib cytotoxicity. The kinase inhibitors protect from PARPi cytotoxicity by arresting cell growth, but this may be interpreted as synergy on the basis of 96-well cell growth assays. We urge caution before combining these drugs clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Tata Medical Center and Tata Translational Cancer Research Center, 14 MAR, Rajarhat, Kolkata, India
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Matheson
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mo Salehan
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lucy Gentles
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Gentles L, Goranov B, Matheson E, Herriott A, Kaufmann A, Hall S, Mukhopadhyay A, Drew Y, Curtin NJ, O'Donnell RL. Exploring the Frequency of Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Dysfunction in Multiple Cancer Types. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030354. [PMID: 30871186 PMCID: PMC6468835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR), frequently due to BRCA mutations, is a determinant of sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). In cultures of ovarian cancer cells, we have previously shown that HRR function, based upon RAD51 foci quantification, correlated with growth inhibition ex vivo induced by rucaparib (a PARPi) and 12-month survival following platinum chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of measuring HRR dysfunction (HRD) in other tumours, in order to estimate the frequency and hence wider potential of PARPi. A total of 24 cultures were established from ascites sampled from 27 patients with colorectal, upper gastrointestinal, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, breast, mesothelioma, and non-epithelial ovarian cancers; 8 were HRD. Cell growth following continuous exposure to 10 μM of rucaparib was lower in HRD cultures compared to HRR-competent (HRC) cultures. Overall survival in the 10 patients who received platinum-based therapy was marginally higher in the 3 with HRD ascites (median overall survival of 17 months, range 10 to 90) compared to the 7 patients with HRC ascites (nine months, range 1 to 55). HRR functional assessment in primary cultures, from several tumour types, revealed that a third are HRD, justifying the further exploration of PARPi therapy in a broader range of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gentles
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Bojidar Goranov
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Matheson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ashleigh Herriott
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Angelika Kaufmann
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Gynecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sherriff Hill, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK.
| | - Sally Hall
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | - Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700 160, India.
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. rachel.o'
- Northern Gynecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sherriff Hill, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK. rachel.o'
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Franklin M, Gentles L, Matheson E, Bown N, Cross P, Ralte A, Gilkes‐Immeson C, Bradbury A, Zanjirband M, Lunec J, Drew Y, O'Donnell R, Curtin NJ. Characterization and drug sensitivity of a novel human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line genomically and phenotypically similar to the original tumor. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4744-4754. [PMID: 30109783 PMCID: PMC6144150 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NUCOLL43 is a novel ovarian clear cell carcinoma (O-CCC) cell line that arose from a primary culture of a patient's malignant ascites. The cells grow reliably in cell culture with a doubling time of approx. 45 hours and form colonies at high efficiency. They have a very high degree of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) affecting approximately 85% of the genome, mostly copy neutral and almost identical to the original tumor. The cells express epithelial (pan-cytokeratin) and mesenchymal (vimentin) characteristics, CA125 and p16, like the original tumor. They also express ARID1A but not HNF-1β and, like the original tumor, and are negative for p53 expression, with no evidence of p53 function. NUCOLL43 cells express all other DNA damage response proteins investigated and have functional homologous recombination DNA repair. They are insensitive to cisplatin, the PARP inhibitor rucaparib, and MDM2 inhibitors but are sensitive to camptothecin, paclitaxel, and NVP-BEZ235. The NUCOLL43 cell line represents a distinct subtype of O-CCC that is p53 and HNF-1β null but expresses ARID1A. Its high degree of similarity with the original tumor genomically and proteomically, as well as the high level of LOH, make this an interesting cell line for O-CCC research. It has been deposited with Ximbio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Franklin
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Division of Cancer SciencesSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Lucy Gentles
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Elizabeth Matheson
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Nick Bown
- Northern Genetics ServiceInstitute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Paul Cross
- Pathology DepartmentQueen Elizabeth HospitalGatesheadUK
| | - Angela Ralte
- Pathology DepartmentQueen Elizabeth HospitalGatesheadUK
| | - Connor Gilkes‐Immeson
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alice Bradbury
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Maryam Zanjirband
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
| | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Northern Centre for Cancer CareFreeman HospitalNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Rachel O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Northern Gynaecological Oncology CentreQueen Elizabeth HospitalGatesheadUK
| | - Nicola J. Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Tomassini S, Gentles L, Kirk C, Cross P, Thomas H, Wedge S, Curtin N, O'Donnell R. An investigation of the effect of tissue ischaemia upon DNA damage protein markers in ovarian cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.01.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Tomassini S, Gentles L, Kirk C, Cross P, Thomas H, Wedge S, Curtin N, O'Donnell R. An investigation of the effect of tissue ischaemia upon DNA damage protein markers in ovarian cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lewis R, Feetham CH, Gentles L, Penny J, Tregilgas L, Tohami W, Mobasheri A, Barrett-Jolley R. Benzamil sensitive ion channels contribute to volume regulation in canine chondrocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1584-96. [PMID: 22928819 PMCID: PMC3605868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chondrocytes exist within cartilage and serve to maintain the extracellular matrix. It has been postulated that osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes lose the ability to regulate their volume, affecting extracellular matrix production. In previous studies, we identified expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in human chondrocytes, but their function remained unknown. Although ENaC typically has Na(+) transport roles, it is also involved in the cell volume regulation of rat hepatocytes. ENaC is a member of the degenerin (Deg) family, and ENaC/Deg-like channels have a low conductance and high sensitivity to benzamil. In this study, we investigated whether canine chondrocytes express functional ENaC/Deg-like ion channels and, if so, what their function may be. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Canine chondrocytes were harvested from dogs killed for unassociated welfare reasons. We used immunohistochemistry and patch-clamp electrophysiology to investigate ENaC expression and video microscopy to analyse the effects of pharmacological inhibition of ENaC/Deg on cell volume regulation. KEY RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed that canine chondrocytes expressed ENaC protein. Single-channel recordings demonstrated expression of a benzamil-sensitive Na(+) conductance (9 pS), and whole-cell experiments show this to be approximately 1.5 nS per cell with high selectivity for Na(+) . Benzamil hyperpolarized chondrocytes by approximately 8 mV with a pD2 8.4. Chondrocyte regulatory volume decrease (RVI) was inhibited by benzamil (pD2 7.5) but persisted when extracellular Na(+) ions were replaced by Li(+) . CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that benzamil inhibits RVI by reducing the influx of Na(+) ions through ENaC/Deg-like ion channels and present ENaC/Deg as a possible target for pharmacological modulation of chondrocyte volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lewis
- Musculoskeletal Biology, CIMA, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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