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Armstrong W, Costa C, Poveda L, Miller AN, Ambrosini A, Hsu FC, Kiani B, Martin RS, Stitzel JD, Weaver AA. Effects of muscle quantity and bone mineral density on injury and outcomes in older adult motor vehicle crash occupants. Traffic Inj Prev 2022; 23:S86-S91. [PMID: 36190765 PMCID: PMC9839521 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2124864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Quantify the independent and combined effects of abdominal muscle quantity and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) on injury risk and in-hospital outcomes in severely injured motor vehicle crash (MVC) occupants ages 50 and older.Methods: Skeletal muscle area measurements of MVC occupants were obtained through semi-automated segmentation of an axial computed tomography (CT) slice at the L3 vertebra. An occupant height-normalized Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) was calculated - a defining metric of sarcopenia and low muscle mass (sarcopenia thresholds: <38.5 cm2/m2 females; <52.4 cm2/m2 males). Lumbar BMD was obtained using a validated, phantomless CT calibration method (osteopenia threshold: <145 mg/cm3). SMI and BMD values were used to categorize occupants, and logistic regression was used to associate sarcopenia, osteopenia, and osteosarcopenia predictors to injury outcomes (e.g., Injury Severity Score (ISS), maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) score, fractures) and hospital outcomes (e.g., length of stay, ICU days).Results: Of the 336 occupants, 210 (63%) were female (mean ± SD: age 66.3 ± 10.6). SMI was 41.7 ± 8.0 cm2/m2 in females and 51.2 ± 10.8 cm2/m2 in males. Based on SMI, 40% of females and 55% of males were classified as sarcopenic. BMD was 163.2 ± 38.3 mg/cm3 in females and 164.1 ± 35.4 mg/cm3 in males, with 41% of females and 33% of males classified as osteopenic. Prevalence of both conditions (osteosarcopenia) was similar between females (21%) and males (22%). Incidence of low SMI and BMD increased with age. Sarcopenic individuals were less likely to sustain a MAIS 2+ thorax injury and had longer ICU stays. Osteopenic individuals were more likely to sustain upper extremity injuries and fractures, and were less likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Osteosarcopenic individuals were less likely to be ventilated or admitted to the ICU but tended to spend more time on the ventilator if placed on one.Conclusions: Osteosarcopenia was not associated with any injury outcomes, but sarcopenia was associated with thoracic injury and osteopenia was associated with upper extremity injury incidence. Sarcopenia was only associated with ICU length of stay, while osteopenia was only associated with discharge destination. Osteosarcopenia was associated with likelihood of being ventilated, being admitted to the ICU, and with increased length of ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Casey Costa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Luis Poveda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Anna N. Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8233, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alexander Ambrosini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525 Vine St., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bahram Kiani
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - R. Shayn Martin
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Joel D. Stitzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ashley A. Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Quirós-Guerrero L, Albertazzi F, Araya-Valverde E, Romero RM, Villalobos H, Poveda L, Chavarría M, Tamayo-Castillo G. Phenolic variation among Chamaecrista nictitans subspecies and varieties revealed through UPLC-ESI(-)-MS/MS chemical fingerprinting. Metabolomics 2019; 15:14. [PMID: 30830463 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comparative analysis of metabolic features of plants has a high potential for determination of quality control of active ingredients, ecological or chemotaxonomic purposes. Specifically, the development of efficient and rapid analytical tools that allow the differentiation among species, subspecies and varieties of plants is a relevant issue. Here we describe a multivariate model based on LC-MS/MS fingerprinting capable of discriminating between subspecies and varieties of the medicinal plant Chamaecrista nictitans, a rare distributed species in Costa Rica. METHODS Determination of the chemical fingerprint was carried out on a LC-MS (ESI-QTOF) in negative ionization mode, main detected and putatively identified compounds included proanthocyanidin oligomers, several flavonoid C- and O-glycosides, and flavonoid acetates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and cluster analysis of chemical profiles were performed. RESULTS Our method showed a clear discrimination between the subspecies and varieties of Chamaecrista nictitans, separating the samples into four fair differentiated groups: M1 = C. nictitans ssp. patellaria; M2 = C. nictitans ssp. disadena; M3 = C. nictitans ssp. nictitans var. jaliscensis and M4 = C. nictitans ssp. disadena var. pilosa. LC-MS/MS fingerprint data was validated using both morphological characters and DNA barcoding with ITS2 region. The comparison of the morphological characters against the chemical profiles and DNA barcoding shows a 63% coincidence, evidencing the morphological similarity in C. nictitans. On the other hand, genetic data and chemical profiles grouped all samples in a similar pattern, validating the functionality of our metabolomic approach. CONCLUSION The metabolomic method described in this study allows a reliably differentiation between subspecies and varieties of C. nictitans using a straightforward protocol that lacks extensive purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Quirós-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Federico Albertazzi
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Emanuel Araya-Valverde
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENiBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San Jose, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Rosaura M Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Heidy Villalobos
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Poveda
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodríguez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENiBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San Jose, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Giselle Tamayo-Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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Liu R, Ahmed F, Cayer C, Mullally M, Carballo AF, Rojas MO, Garcia M, Baker J, Masic A, Sanchez PE, Poveda L, Merali Z, Durst T, Arnason JT. New Botanical Anxiolytics for Use in Companion Animals and Humans. AAPS J 2017; 19:1626-1631. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ta CAK, Guerrero-Analco JA, Roberts E, Liu R, Mogg CD, Saleem A, Otárola-Rojas M, Poveda L, Sanchez-Vindas P, Cal V, Caal F, Subramaniam R, Smith ML, Arnason JT. Antifungal Saponins from the Maya Medicinal Plant Cestrum schlechtendahlii G. Don (Solanaceae). Phytother Res 2015; 30:439-46. [PMID: 26666462 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract (80% EtOH) of the leaves of Cestrum schlechtendahlii, a plant used by Q'eqchi' Maya healers for treatment of athlete's foot, resulted in the isolation and identification of two spirostanol saponins (1 and 2). Structure elucidation by MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods identified them to be the known saponin (25R)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and new saponin (25R)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (2). While 2 showed little or no antifungal activity at the highest concentration tested, 1 inhibited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15-25 μM), Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Fusarium graminearum (MIC of 132-198 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieu Anh Kim Ta
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Antonio Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Roberts
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rui Liu
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ammar Saleem
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marco Otárola-Rojas
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Poveda
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Vindas
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Victor Cal
- Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Belize
| | - Federico Caal
- Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Belize
| | | | - Myron L Smith
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John T Arnason
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Ta CA, Freundorfer M, Mah TF, Otárola-Rojas M, Garcia M, Sanchez-Vindas P, Poveda L, Maschek JA, Baker BJ, Adonizio AL, Downum K, Durst T, Arnason JT. Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation by extracts of neotropical rainforest plants. Planta Med 2014; 80:343-350. [PMID: 24488718 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are responsible for many persistent infections by many clinically relevant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilms are much more resistant to conventional antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Quorum sensing, an intercellular communication system, controls pathogenesis and biofilm formation in most bacterial species. Quorum sensing provides an important pharmacological target since its inhibition does not provide a selective pressure for resistance. In this study, we investigated the quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitory activities of 126 plant extracts from 71 species collected from neotropical rainforests in Costa Rica. Quorum sensing and biofilm interference were assessed using a modified disc diffusion bioassay with Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12,472 and a spectrophotometric bioassay with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, respectively. Species with significant anti-quorum sensing and/or anti-biofilm activities belonged to the Meliaceae, Melastomataceae, Lepidobotryaceae, Sapindaceae, and Simaroubaceae families. IC50 values ranged from 45 to 266 µg/mL. Extracts of these active species could lead to future development of botanical treatments for biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieu Anh Ta
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie Freundorfer
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marco Otárola-Rojas
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Garcia
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Luis Poveda
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bill J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Allison L Adonizio
- Center for Ethnobiology and Natural Products (CENaP), Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kelsey Downum
- Center for Ethnobiology and Natural Products (CENaP), Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tony Durst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John T Arnason
- Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Mora S, Castro V, Poveda L, Chavarría M, Murillo R. Two New 3,4-Seco-ent-kaurenes and Other Constituents from the Costa Rican Endemic Species Croton megistocarpus. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mullally M, Kramp K, Cayer C, Saleem A, Ahmed F, McRae C, Baker J, Goulah A, Otorola M, Sanchez P, Garcia M, Poveda L, Merali Z, Durst T, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT. Anxiolytic activity of a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae). Phytother Res 2011; 25:264-70. [PMID: 20648677 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop an extraction technique to yield a betulinic acid-(BA) enriched extract of the traditional anti-anxiety plant Souroubea sympetala Gilg (Marcgraviaceae). Five extraction techniques were compared: supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), conventional solvent extraction with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and soxhlet extraction (Sox). The EtOAc and SCE extraction methods resulted in BA-enriched extracts, with BA concentrations of 6.78 ± 0.2 and 5.54 ± 0.2 mg/g extract, respectively, as determined by HPLC-APCI-MS. The bioactivity of the BA-enriched extracts was compared in the elevated plus maze (EPM), a validated rodent anxiety behaviour assay. Rats orally administered a 75 mg/kg dose of SCE extract exhibited anxiolysis as compared with vehicle controls, with a 50% increase in the percent time spent in the open arms, a 73% increase in unprotected head dips and a 42% decrease in percent time spent in the closed arms. No significant differences were observed between the SCE and EtOAc extracts for these measures, but the animals dosed with SCE extract had significantly more unprotected head dips than those dosed with the EtOAc extract. The SCE extract demonstrated a dose-response in the EPM, with a trend toward decreased anxiety at 25 mg/kg, and significant anxiolysis was only observed at 75 mg/kg dose. This study demonstrates that SCE can be used to generate a betulinic acid-enriched extract with significant anxiolysis in vivo. Further, the study provides a scientific basis for the ethnobotanical use of this traditional medicine and a promising lead for a natural health product to treat anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Mullally
- Centre for Research in Biopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Herrera C, García-Barrantes PM, Binns F, Vargas M, Poveda L, Badilla S. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Witheringia solanacea in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:907-910. [PMID: 20937373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Witheringia solanacea is a small shrub that belongs to the Solanaceae family. The plant is used as an antidiabetic in Costa Rican herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of W. solanacea leaves in rodent models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A crude extract of W. solanacea leaves was prepared in boiling water and the aqueous filtrate was lyophilized. A single oral dose of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract was evaluated for hypoglycemic activity in a glucose tolerance test in normal rats and for antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced (140 mg/kg) diabetic rats. The blood glucose level was determined at different times by the glucose oxidase method. RESULTS Dosage of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) blood glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test in normal rats after 1 h, there was no significant difference observed at 250 mg/kg. Dose of 500 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced (p<0.05) blood glucose levels in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats at 4 and 5 h. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic potential of the W. solanacea was demonstrated in rats. These results give support to the traditional use of W. solanacea as antidiabetic herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Asim M, Hussien H, Poveda L, Arnason JT, Durst T. Triterpenoids from the bark of Ruptiliocarpon caracolito. Phytochemistry 2010; 71:1418-1422. [PMID: 20580789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Five spirocaracolitone triterpenoids were isolated from the dichloromethane-soluble fraction of the bark of Ruptiliocarpon caracolito, and their structures were determined mainly by application of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Two known CD-spirotriterpenoids were also isolated from the same source. This brings the total number of known CD-spirotriterpenoids from this source to 17. The discovery of such a large number of closely-related compounds in a single species represents an excellent example of phytochemical redundancy as a defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Department of Chemistry, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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Awad R, Ahmed F, Bourbonnais-Spear N, Mullally M, Ta CA, Tang A, Merali Z, Maquin P, Caal F, Cal V, Poveda L, Vindas PS, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT. Ethnopharmacology of Q'eqchi' Maya antiepileptic and anxiolytic plants: effects on the GABAergic system. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 125:257-64. [PMID: 19591913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Q'eqchi' Maya possess a large selection of plants to treat neurological disorders, including epilepsy and susto (fright), a culture-bound illness related to anxiety disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the activity of antiepileptic and anxiolytic plants in the GABAergic system, and determine if there is a pharmacological basis for plant selection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extracts of 34 plants were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) or bind to the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor, two principal drug targets in epilepsy and anxiety. Pharmacological activity was correlated with relative frequency of use, based on informant consensus. RESULTS Ten plants showed greater than 50% GABA-T inhibition at 1mg/ml, while 23 showed greater than 50% binding to the GABA(A)-BZD receptor at 250 microg/ml. Piperaceae, Adiantaceae and Acanthaceae families were highly represented and active in both assays. There was a significant positive correlation between GABA-T inhibition and relative frequency of use for epilepsy, and an even stronger correlation between GABA(A) binding and relative frequency of use for susto (fright). CONCLUSIONS Clearly, Q'eqchi' traditional knowledge of antiepileptic and anxiolytic plants is associated with the use of pharmacologically active plants. Based on the evidence, it is suggested that the mechanism of action for some traditionally used plants may be mediated through the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Awad
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chavarría M, Castro V, Poveda L, Renato M. [Four new compounds from the non-polar extract of the plant Amyris brenesii (Rutaceae) from Costa Rica]. REV BIOL TROP 2008; 56:1043-1051. [PMID: 19419026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractionation of a non polar extract of the aerial parts of Amyris brenesii collected in Rio Cuarto, Grecia, Costa Rica has resulted in the isolation of four new compounds, 6-hidroxy-6-O-(3-hidroxymethyl-3-methylalyl)-angelicin 1, 6-(N-acetyl-2-etanamin)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-cromen 2, the lignan 2,5-dehidrohinokinin 3 and N-acetyl-O-(geranyl)-tiramine 4. In addition, we isolated six previously known compounds: the lignans hinokinin 5 and Justicidin E 6, the coumarins scopoletin 7 and marmesin 8, 24-moretenoic acid 9, and the nitrogen compound O-(3,3-dimethylalyl)-halfordinol 10. All the separations were done with chromatographic techniques and the structures were elucidated by using 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Chavarría
- Centro de Investigación en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Asim M, Hussien H, Arnason JT, Poveda L, Durst T. Spirocaracolitone triterpenoids from the bark of Ruptiliocarpon caracolito. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:1228-32. [PMID: 17665950 DOI: 10.1021/np060490u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Six new triterpenoids named spirocarcolitones (G-L), which belong to a novel class of CD-spiro triterpenoids, were isolated from the dichloromethane-soluble fraction of the bark of Ruptiliocarpon caracolito. The structures of these natural products were established using mainly 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. One known CD-spiro triterpenoid and canophyllol were also isolated from the same source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Chavarría M, Castro V, Poveda L, Murillo R. Cuatro compuestos nuevos del extracto no polar de la planta Amyris brenesii (Rutaceae) de Costa Rica. REV BIOL TROP 2007. [DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v56i3.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Piccinelli AL, Mahmood N, Mora G, Poveda L, De Simone F, Rastrelli L. Anti-HIV activity of dibenzylbutyrolactone-type lignans from Phenax species endemic in Costa Rica. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 57:1109-15. [PMID: 16105232 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we isolated two new dibenzylbutyrolactone-type lignans, named phenaxolactones and, from the leaves of Phenax angustifolius Wedd. (Urticaceae). In this investigation three new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans (phenaxolactones), together with phenaxolactone, and flavones vitexin, isovitexin, were isolated from Phenax rugosus Wedd. leaves collected in Santa Ana, Costa Rica. The structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. Phenaxolactones and flavones and were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1MN in infected C8166 cells. The most promising compound was phenaxolactone with an EC50 value of 3.0 microM, no cytotoxicity at 112 microM and a therapeutic index value of 37.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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15
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Kos O, Castro V, Murillo R, Poveda L, Merfort I. Ent-kaurane glycosides and sesquiterpene lactones of the hirsutinolide type from Vernonia triflosculosa. Phytochemistry 2006; 67:62-9. [PMID: 16129464 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the aerial parts of Vernonia triflosculosa afforded three hirsutinolides of which 8alpha-(4alpha-hydroxymethacryloyloxy)-10alpha-hydroxy-1,13-dimethoxy-hirsutinolide is new, three ent-kaurane diterpenes, among which the 19-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] esters of 16beta-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid and of 16beta,17-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid are also new. Diterpenes are reported here for the first time in the large genus Vernonia. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR measurement as well as ESI, CIMS, and HRMS analysis. Two hirsutinolides were studied for their NF-kappaB DNA binding activity in HaCaT cells (a human cell line similar to keratinocytes) and for their inhibition on IL-8 production in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Kos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Street 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Scott IM, Puniani E, Jensen H, Livesey JF, Poveda L, Sanchez-Vindas P, Durst T, Arnason JT. Analysis of Piperaceae germplasm by HPLC and LCMS: a method for isolating and identifying unsaturated amides from Piper spp extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:1907-1913. [PMID: 15769112 DOI: 10.1021/jf048305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) analysis of the medicinally important genus Piper (Piperaceae) was developed. This allows for a rapid and accurate measure of unsaturated amides, or piperamides, in black pepper, Piper nigrum L., and in wild species from Central America. Reflux extraction provided the highest recovery of piperine (>80%) from leaf and peppercorn material. HPLC analysis using a binary gradient of acetonitrile and water separated the major amide peaks between 5 and 12 min. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS improved the detection limit to 0.2 ng, 10-fold below the 2 ng limit of the HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) based on linear standard curves between 0.1 and 250 microg/mL (R2 = 0.999). The HPLC-MS method identified pellitorine, piperylin, 4,5-dihydropiperlonguminine, piperlonguminine, 4,5-dihydropiperine, piperine, and pipercide. The biological activity of six Costa Rican Piper species assessed by mosquito larval bioassays correlated well with piperamide content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Scott
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Scott IM, Jensen H, Nicol R, Lesage L, Bradbury R, Sánchez-Vindas P, Poveda L, Arnason JT, Philogène BJR. Efficacy of Piper (Piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests. J Econ Entomol 2004; 97:1390-1403. [PMID: 15384353 DOI: 10.1093/jee/97.4.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from three species of the plant family Piperaceae, Piper nigrum [L.], Piper guineense [Schum & Thonn, and Piper tuberculatum [Jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. All three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. These materials are considered safe to mammals because Piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. When 24-h P. nigrum LC50 values were compared between common insect pests from eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, the most sensitive species in order of increasing lethal concentration were eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.) < European pine sawfly larvae, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) < spindle ermine moth larvae, Yponomeuta cagnagella [Hübner] < viburnum leaf beetle larvae, Pyrrhalta viburni [Paykull] < stripped cucumber beetle adults, Acalymma vittatum (F.) < Colorado potato beetle adults, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) < Japanese beetle adults, Popillia japonica [Newman] < hairy chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus hirtis [Montandon]. The life stage tested was the point at which each species causes the greatest amount of damage to the host plant and the point at which most gardeners would likely choose to treat with a conventional synthetic insecticide. Greenhouse trials revealed that the pepper formulations also had a repellent activity, thus protecting plant leaves from 1) herbivory (lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii [Scopoli], adults and larvae and stripped cucumber beetle adults) and 2) oviposition [European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)]. Combinations with other botanical extracts were additive at best in toxicity and repellent trials. Nontarget toxicity to beneficial invertebrates is a possibility because the P. nigrum LC50 for beneficial ladybird beetles was 0.2%. P. nigrum extracts can provide a reasonable level of control against lepidopteran and European pine sawfly larvae and also will work as a short-term repellent and feeding deterrent. It is recommended that the use of Piper extracts be restricted to small-scale spot treatments in residential areas where insect pest outbreaks have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Scott
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
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Omar S, Zhang J, MacKinnon S, Leaman D, Durst T, Philogene BJR, Arnason JT, Sanchez-Vindas PE, Poveda L, Tamez PA, Pezzuto JM. Traditionally-used antimalarials from the Meliaceae. Curr Top Med Chem 2003; 3:133-9. [PMID: 12570769 DOI: 10.2174/1568026033392499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative ethnobotanical approach to antimalarial drug discovery led to the identification of Lansium domesticum Corr. Ser. (Meliaceae) as an important antimalarial used by Kenyah Dyak healers in Indonesian Borneo. Triterpenoid lansiolides with antimalarial activity were isolated from the bark and shown to have activity in both in vitro bioassays with Plasmodium falciparum, and in mice infected with P. berghei. A survey of African and tropical American Meliaceae led to further development of the limonoid gedunin from the traditionally used medicinal plants, tropical cedar, Cedrela odorata L., and neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Gedunin has significant in vitro activity but initially showed poor in vivo activity. In vivo activity was improved by (1) incorporation into an easy to absorb suspension, (2) preparation of a more stable compound, 7-methoxygedunin; and (3) synergism with dillapiol, a cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor. The results show the potential for both antimalarial drug and phytomedicine development from traditionally used plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Omar
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Pereda-Miranda R, Bernard CB, Durst T, Arnason JT, Sánchez-Vindas P, Poveda L, San Román L. Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)benzoate, major insecticidal principle from Piper guanacastensis. J Nat Prod 1997; 60:282-284. [PMID: 9090871 DOI: 10.1021/np960601x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The CHCl3-soluble extract of Piper guanacastensis (Piperaceae) was found to have noteworthy insecticidal activity to Aedes atropalpus mosquito larvae (LC50 80.5 micrograms/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation afforded methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)benzoate (1) as the major bioactive constituent (LC50 20.5 micrograms/mL). The separation of compound 1 from its transesterification artifact (2), ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)benzoate, was achieved by recycling reversed-phase HPLC. The flavonoids acacetin, chrysin, and pinostrobin were also isolated from the active fraction but did not display insecticidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pereda-Miranda
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, D.F., Mexico.
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Chauret DC, Durst T, Arnason JT, Sanchez-Vindas P, Roman LS, Poveda L, Keifer PA. Novel steroids from Trichilia hirta as identified by nanoprobe INADEQUATE 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chauret DC, Bernard CB, Arnason JT, Durst T, Krishnamurty HG, Sanchez-Vindas P, Moreno N, Roman LS, Poveda L. Insecticidal neolignans from Piper decurrens. J Nat Prod 1996; 59:152-155. [PMID: 8991948 DOI: 10.1021/np960036y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5(E)-propenylbenzofuran (conocarpan) (1), 2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5(E)- propenylbenzofuran (eupomatenoid-5) (2), and 2-(4'- hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5(E)-propenylbenzofuran (eupomatenoid-6) (3), three known neolignans found for the first time in a species of the Piperaceae, were isolated from Piper decurrens via insecticidal bioassay-guided fractionation, along with a small quantity of a new related compound, 2,3-dihydro-5-formyl-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbenzofuran (decurrenal) (4), and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2(E)-hexadecen-1-ol (trans-phytol).
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Chauret
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Bernard CB, Krishanmurty HG, Chauret D, Durst T, Philogène BJR, Sánchez-Vindas P, Hasbun C, Poveda L, San Román L, Arnason JT. Insecticidal defenses of Piperaceae from the neotropics. J Chem Ecol 1995; 21:801-14. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02033462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/1994] [Accepted: 02/26/1995] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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