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de Souza ZWG, da Silva MGP, Neves AP, de Araújo TLAC, Siqueira NMC, Amaral WA, Montagner DB, Ítavo LCV, Júnior VB, Marson B, de Nadai Bonin M, da Costa Gomes R. Association of rainfall pattern with the disappearance of mineral mixtures fed cattle managed on tropical pastures. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:69. [PMID: 38319414 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between rainfall and the disappearance of mineral mixtures in the supplementation of cattle on pasture. Supplement consumption and rainfall data were obtained from five experiments carried out between 2016 and 2022. The experiments lasted from 84 to 126 days and had 12 to 18 paddocks formed by Brachiaria spp. under grazing by beef cattle (n = 544), receiving mineral supplementation. Supplement disappearance (SD), difference between the amount offered and leftovers (considering intake and losses) and precipitation (PR), was measured over periods of 14 to 21 days. The periods (n = 565) were classified as very dry, dry, normal, rainy, and very rainy, using the Quantis method. The number of rainy days (RD) and the average precipitation per RD (APRD) per period and the average body weight (BW) of the animals in the periods were also determined. Linear regression analyses assessed the association between BW, PR, RD, and APRD. The average PR in the periods studied was 68.5 mm, ranging from 0.00 to 160.3 mm. Each period had up to six RD, with up to 129.5 mm precipitated. The average BW was 270 kg, ranging from 208 to 335 kg and the average SD was 82.2 g/animal/day, ranging from 0.52 to 176.7 g/animal/day. Differences in RD and APRD are consistent across precipitation classes. In the regression analysis, the model with the highest coefficient of determination was the one that contained the linear and quadratic terms for the RD variable. Including linear and quadratic terms of all variables in a multiple regression represented more than half of the variation in the disappearance of the supplement (R2 = 0.5823). There is no clear relationship between the intensity of precipitation, reflected in the form of classes, and the disappearance of supplements offered to cattle on pasture since dry and very rainy periods can be equivalent. However, variables that characterize the precipitation pattern are more relevant than animal live weight to explain existing variations in supplement disappearance. Among them, the frequency with which precipitation occurs (number of rainy days in the period) seems to be more important than the precipitation rate itself, probably because it is related to the volume of precipitation accumulated in the period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zey Welington Gomes de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrei Pereira Neves
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wallyson Almeida Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Pioneiros, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Marson
- Connan Comércio de Nutrição Animal Ltda., Av. Mário Pedro Vercellino, 877, Jardim América, Boituva, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Nadai Bonin
- Connan Comércio de Nutrição Animal Ltda., Av. Mário Pedro Vercellino, 877, Jardim América, Boituva, SP, Brazil
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Gomes RDC, Menezes GRDO, Favero R, Kazama R, Altrak G, Mizubuti IY, Gomes MDNB, Feijó GLD, Montagner DB, de Araújo TLAC, de Lima Júnior DM, Torres Júnior RADA, Bonin MDN. Strategies of virginiamycin supplementation in the postweaning phase on growth performance and carcass quality of beef cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:12. [PMID: 38102404 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of supplementing VM in grazing cattle during the rearing phase on performance and carcass quality of beef cattle in the finishing phase. Two experiments with a randomized block design were conducted in consecutive years to contrast two post-weaning supplementation strategies using VM at 45 mg/100 kg body weight (BW). In the first year, treatments were protein supplement in the dry season and mineral supplement in the rainy season versus the addition of VM both in the protein and mineral supplements. In the second year, was contrasted with protein supplement in the dry season and protein-energy supplement in the rainy season. Performance, carcass traits, and carcass quality were evaluated at the end of both phases. In Year 1, adding VM in mineral supplement increased final backfat thickness (P=0.05), backfat gain (P=0.06), final rump fat thickness (P=0.02), and rump fat gain (P=0.01). In the finishing phase, VM-treated cattle had a greater dry matter intake (P=0.03) and tended to show a greater backfat thickness than non-treated cattle (P=0.07). In Year 2, no VM effects were observed on post-weaning phase performance and carcass traits. However, cattle-fed VM during the post-weaning phase tended to show a lower feed conversion ratio (P=0.09) and had a significantly higher gross feed efficiency (P=0.03) than non-treated cattle at slaughter. Virginiamycin supplementation during rearing on pasture improves performance and carcass fattening in the growth phase and has a residual effect in the finishing phase that may reflect greater backfat thickness and gross feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Favero
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina - UEL, km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kazama
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 1346 Admar Gonzaga Road, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Georg Altrak
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 1346 Admar Gonzaga Road, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ivone Yurika Mizubuti
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina - UEL, km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, 2446 Sen. Filinto Müler Avenue, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid - UFERSA, 572 Francisco Mota Street, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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Paranhos da Silva MG, Pereira Neves A, Baptaglin Montagner D, Vinhas Ítavo LC, de Nadai Bonin M, Marson B, da Costa Gomes R. Powder and agglomerated free-choice minerals for grazing cattle: animal responses and chemical and physical alterations of the mineral mixture. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:403-419. [PMID: 38009002 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2281809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the animal response and the chemical and physical changes of free-choice mineral mixtures fed to grazing cattle. Growing beef cattle were fed either powder (POW) or agglomerated (AGL) mineral mixtures in three different experiments (Exp.), carried out in pastures of Brachiaria grass. In Exp. 1 and 2, the mineral mixtures were disposed in unsheltered troughs (POWun vs. AGLun), being delivered once (D0, Exp.1) or twice (D0 and D8, Exp. 2), throughout 14-day periods. In Exp. 3, POWun and AGLun were additionally compared to POW in sheltered troughs (POWshe), and the mineral mixtures were disposed in D0, throughout 21-day periods. Non-consumed supplement was removed and sampled on D14 (Exp. 1 and 2) or D21 (Exp. 3). Evaluations included average daily body weight gain (ADG), daily disappearance of the supplement (DSD), penetration force of the supplement mass, faecal chemical composition and serum levels of Ca, P and Mg. In Exp. 1, no effects were observed on ADG and faecal mineral concentrations, however, changes in mineral concentrations and a 40% reduction in Na concentration in the supplement were observed, compared to the initial concentration. AGLun had a lower penetration force. In Exp. 2, there were no effects on DSD and faecal mineral concentrations. POWun showed a smaller reduction in Na content compared to AGLun, and AGLun showed lower penetration force. In Exp. 3, the treatments did not affect ADG, but there was a trend towards higher DSD and serum phosphorus (P) concentration for AGLun (p = 0.08). Higher faecal Na concentration was observed for AGLun and higher Na concentration occurred in non-consumed mixture of POWshe. Mineral supplements offered in uncovered troughs showed altered chemical and physical characteristics, with possible effects on supplement intake. However, the general changes are unlikely to alter animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Marson
- Connan Comércio de Nutrição Animal, Boituva, Brasil
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