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Yousaf S, Arshad M, Harraz FA, Masood R, Zia MA, Jalalah M, Faisal M. Evaluation of clinical efficacy of streptokinase by comparison with the thrombolytic agent on animal model. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e271083. [PMID: 38422281 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), often lead to blood clot formation, impacting blood circulation. Streptokinase, a cost-effective and widely available thrombolytic agent, is crucial in treating thrombosis. This study aimed to produce streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48 and compare its efficacy with heparin in an animal model. We evaluated the clot-lysing effectiveness of streptokinase produced from Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48, emphasizing its low cost and ease of production. Streptokinase was produced using pre-optimized fermentation media and purified through ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. In vivo analysis involved inducing clots in a trial animal model using ferric chloride, comparing streptokinase with heparin. Ultrasonography assessed the clot-lysing activity of streptokinase. Streptokinase (47 kDa) effectively lysed clots, proving its low cost, easy production, and minimal adverse effects. Ultrasonography confirmed its fibrinolytic efficacy. These findings highlight potential as an affordable and easily produced thrombolytic agent, particularly relevant in resource-limited settings. Streptokinase efficacy and minimal adverse effects make it a promising option for thrombolytic therapy, especially in economically constrained regions. Future studies could optimize production techniques, explore different strains, and conduct clinical trials for human validation. Comparative studies with other thrombolytic agents would enhance understanding of their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yousaf
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Department of Biochemistry, Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Arshad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Department of Basic Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - F A Harraz
- Najran University, Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre - AMNRC, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Najran University, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Department of Chemistry, Sharurah Saudi Arabia
| | - R Masood
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Department of Biochemistry, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M A Zia
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Department of Biochemistry, Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Jalalah
- Najran University, Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre - AMNRC, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Najran University, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Faisal
- Najran University, Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre - AMNRC, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Najran University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain Z, Sun Y, Shah SH, Khan H, Ali S, Iqbal A, Zia MA, Ali SS. The dynamics of genome size and GC contents evolution in genus Nicotiana. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245372. [PMID: 34669791 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and Polyploidization are most common of the phenomenon observed in plants, especially in the genus Nicotiana leading to the duplication of genome. Although genomic changes associated with these events has been studied at various levels but the genome size and GC content variation is less understood because of absence of sufficient genomic data. In this study the flow cytometry technique was used to uncover the genome size and GC contents of 46 Nicotiana species and we compared the genomic changes associated with the hybridization events along evolutionary time scale. The genome size among Nicotiana species varied between 3.28 pg and 11.88 pg whereas GC contents varied between 37.22% and 51.25%. The tetraploid species in genus Nicotiana including section Polydiclae, Repandae, Nicotiana, Rustica and Sauveolentes revealed both up and downsizing in their genome sizes when compared to the sum of genomes of their ancestral species. The genome sizes of three homoploid hybrids were found near their ancestral species. Loss of large genome sequence was observed in the evolutionary more aged species (>10 Myr) as compared to the recently evolved one's (<0.2 Myr). The GC contents were found homogenous with a mean difference of 2.46% among the Nicotiana species. It is concluded that genome size change appeared in either direction whereas the GC contents were found more homogenous in genus Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hussain
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Y Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - S H Shah
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Khan
- Quid-e-Azam University, Department of Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M A Zia
- National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S S Ali
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Khan SU, Ali S, Shah SH, Zia MA, Shoukat S, Hussain Z, Shahzad A. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on Cry1Ac protein contents in transgenic cotton. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246436. [PMID: 34495159 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of different fertilizers to check the efficiency of expression of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) gene in one of the leading commercialized crops (cotton) against Lepidopteran species is of great concern. The expression of Cry protein level can be controlled by the improvement of nutrients levels. Therefore, the myth of response of Cry toxin to different combinations of NP fertilizers was explored in three Bt cotton cultivars. Combinations include three levels of nitrogen and three levels of phosphorus fertilizers. Immunostrips and Cry gene(s) specific primer based PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis were used for the presence of Bt gene that unveiled the presence of Cry1Ac gene only. Further, the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit was used to quantify the expression of Cry1Ac protein. Under various NP fertilizers rates, the level of toxin protein exhibited highly significant differences. The highest toxin level mean was found to be 2.3740 and 2.1732 µg/g under the treatment of N150P75 kg ha-1 combination while the lowest toxin level mean was found to be 0.9158 and 0.7641 µg/g at the N50P25 kg ha-1 level at 80 and 120 DAS (Days After Sowing), respectively. It was concluded from the research that the usage of NP fertilizers has a positive relation with the expression of Cry1Ac toxin in Bt cotton. We recommend using the N150P50 kg ha-1 level as the most economical and practicable fertilizer instead of the standard dose N100P50 kg ha-1 to get the desired level of Cry1Ac level for long lasting plant resistance (<1.5). The revised dose of fertilizer may help farmers to avoid the cross-resistance development in contradiction of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Khan
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture - PIASA, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- National Institute for Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S H Shah
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Zia
- National Institute for Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Shoukat
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture - PIASA, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Hussain
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Shahzad
- National Institute for Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zia MA, Shah SH, Shoukat S, Hussain Z, Khan SU, Shafqat N. Physicochemical features, functional characteristics, and health benefits of cottonseed oil: a review. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243511. [PMID: 34378680 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. Cottonseed oil is obtained from various species of cotton seeds that are famous to be grown mainly for their fiber quality. The most prominently used specie is Gossypium hirsutum. It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. Cottonseed oil is routinely used for cooking and food manufacturing products. Cottonseed oil obtained after proper extraction/processing steps from crude state to refined oil in a variety of ways. Cotton crop is considered for their dual-use purpose, for fiber quality and oil production to promote health benefits in the world. Keeping in view the above facts, this review clearly demonstrated an overview about physicochemical and functional properties of cottonseed oil to promote health benefits associated with the use of this oil. The overall characteristics and all concerned health benefits of CSO will further improve their usefulness is a compact way. We have summarized a brief multi-dimensional features of CSO in all aspects up to the best of our knowledge for the end researchers who can further research in the respective aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zia
- National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S H Shah
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Shoukat
- National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Hussain
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S U Khan
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences - CAAS, Biotechnology Research Institute, Biotechnology Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - N Shafqat
- Hazara University, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Rehman M, Raza A, Khan JA, Zia MA. Laser Responsive Cisplatin-Gold Nano-Assembly Synergizes the Effect of Cisplatin With Compliance. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1749-1760. [PMID: 33460669 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin therapy faces low bioavailability and clastogenic potential limitations. Early payload leakage of nanocarriers may impair adequate therapeutic efficacy. We propose encapsulation of cisplatin in such nanocarrier that can be externally stimulated for high payload release and enhanced toxicity at site of action. Cisplatin conjugated gold nanorods (Pt-AuNRs) have been synthesized and characterized through UV visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Physico-chemical characterization through X-ray photon spectrometry confirms the covalent linkage between linker and aquated cisplatin with AuNRs. Laser exposure (850 nm, CW) enabled ~15-fold payload release from Pt-AuNRs nano-assembly, which is quite high (P < 0.0001) compared to non-stimulated conditions. The median growth inhibitory concentration (GI50) after laser exposure of Pt-AuNRs was ~11- and 13-fold low compared to corresponding Pt-AuNRs without laser exposure and cisplatin respectively, in sarcoma cells. Synergistic therapeutic difference is more significant (P < 0.01), at lower concentrations of Pt-AuNRs (0.5-10 μg/mL). Pt-AuNRs photothermal therapy indicates a convincible association of over-production of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.0001) and synergistic therapeutic efficacy. Clastogenic potential is found non-significant for Pt-AuNRs (10 μg/mL). Cisplatin nanoconjugate shows biocompatibility against blood cells. In conclusion, laser-stimulated Pt-AuNRs appear a promising drug delivery with synergistic toxic potential against cancer while attenuating cisplatin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Rehman
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
| | - M Aslam Zia
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Jabeen Z, Khalil-Ur-Rahman, Zia MA, Jahan N. Effect of explants and growth hormones on direct regeneration of Silybum marianum in vitro. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 34:02. [PMID: 31849208 DOI: 10.23812/19-343-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Mumtaz M, Mahmood A, Khan SD, Zia MA, Ahmed M, Ahmad I. Investigation of Dielectric Properties of Polymers and their Discrimination Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy with Principal Component Analysis. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:456-462. [PMID: 27798383 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816675361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are among the most commonly used materials in our everyday life. They are generally transparent to terahertz (THz) radiation, but are quite difficult to differentiate using optical techniques as few or no characteristic features exist in the spectral range of <2.0 THz for small and portable radiation systems. In this work, we report experimental measurement of refractive indices and absorption coefficients of styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) and Bakelite in the spectral range of 0.2-2.0 THz for the first time. Additionally, we demonstrate that by combining principle component analysis (PCA) with THz time-domain spectroscopy one can differentiate such polymers. In this analysis, the first three principle components PC1, PC2, and PC3 depict >94% variance with a distribution of 72.45%, 11.52%, and 9.38%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mumtaz
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Mahmood
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabih D Khan
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Aslam Zia
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hussain B, Ahmed M, Nawaz M, Saleem M, Razzaq M, Aslam Zia M, Iqbal M. Simultaneous determination of thickness and refractive index based on time-of-flight measurements of terahertz pulse. Appl Opt 2012; 51:5326-5330. [PMID: 22858978 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.005326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple technique for simultaneous determination of thickness and refractive index of plane-parallel samples in the terahertz radiation domain. The technique uses time-of-flight measurements of the terahertz pulse. It has been employed on nine different polymers and semiconductor materials, which are transparent for terahertz frequencies. Our results of thickness measurement are in good agreement with micrometer reading. The accuracy in the determination of refractive index is on the order of two decimal points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Hussain
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Bhatti HN, Najma A, Asgher M, Hanif MA, Zia MA. Purification and Thermal Characterization of a Novel Peroxidase from a Local Chick Pea Cultivar. Protein Pept Lett 2006; 13:799-804. [PMID: 17073725 DOI: 10.2174/092986606777841271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel peroxidase isolated from a local chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar (Balksar 2000) was purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and two runs on gel filtration. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 2045 U/mg with 17 % activity recovery. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 39 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 5.5 and 45 degrees C respectively. The thermal denaturation of local chick pea peroxidase was studied in aqueous solution at temperatures ranging from 45 degrees C to 65 degrees C. The temperature of 50% inactivation of the enzyme was found to be 68 degrees C. The enthalpy (DeltaH*) and free energy (DeltaG*) of thermal denaturation of chick pea peroxidase were 101.4 and 103.4 k J/mol respectively at 65 degrees C. Metals like Zn2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Co2+ and Al3+ slightly inhibited the peroxidase activity while Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ have no effect on enzyme activity. The high specific activity and thermal stability make chick pea peroxidase an alternative to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Bhatti
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan-38040.
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