Organoruthenium(ii) nucleoside conjugates as colon cytotoxic agents

Eleven organoruthenium(ii) nucleoside conjugates are reported, showing high cytotoxicity in HCT116 colon cancer cells and independent uptake of nucleoside transporters.

pH-Switchability and Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Monocyclopentadienylruthenium(II)/iron(II) Tetrazoles/Tetrazolates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations

Tetrazole/tetrazolate monocyclopentadienyliron(II) and ruthenium(II) compounds of general formulas [(η⁵-C₅H₅)M(dppe)(N₄(H)CC₆H₄NO₂)][PF₆]/[(η⁵-C₅H₅)M(dppe)(N₄CC₆H₄NO₂)] were investigated for their pH-switching second-order nonlinear optical (SONLO) properties. Compounds [(η⁵-C₅H₅)M(dppe)(N₄CC₆H₄NO₂)] (M = Fe, Ru) and compound [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Ru(dppe)(N₄(H)CC₆H₄NO₂)][PF₆] were fully characterized by (¹H-, ¹³C-, ³¹P-) NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis, and compounds [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Fe(dppe)(N₄CC₆H₄NO₂)] and [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Ru(dppe)(N₄(H)CC₆H₄NO₂)][PF₆] were further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; the synthesis of [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Fe(dppe)(N₄(H)CC₆H₄NO₂)][PF₆] was unsuccessful. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed using PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP functionals to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability (β_tot) of the tetrazole/tetrazolate complexes and for a detailed analysis of the experimental data. Both functionals predict (i) high first hyperpolarizabilities for the tetrazolate complexes [(η⁵-C₅H₅)M(dppe)(N₄CC₆H₄NO₂)], with β_tot[Ru] ≈ 1.2β_tot[Fe], and (ii) a 3-fold reduction in β_tot[Ru] upon protonation, in complex [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Ru(dppe)(N₄(H)CC₆H₄NO₂)]⁺, forecasting [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Ru(dppe)(N₄CC₆H₄NO₂)]/[(η⁵-C₅H₅)Ru(dppe)(N₄(H)CC₆H₄NO₂)]⁺ complexes as on/off, pH-switchable SONLO forms.

New [(η5-C5H5)Ru(N–N)(PPh3)][PF6] compounds: colon anticancer activity and GLUT-mediated cellular uptake of carbohydrate-appended complexes

Ruthenium glycoconjugates, with privileged passage through HCT116 colon cancer cell membranes via glucose transporters, are reported.

Cyclopentadienyl-ruthenium(II) and iron(II) organometallic compounds with carbohydrate derivative ligands as good colorectal anticancer agents

New ruthenium(II) and iron(II) organometallic compounds of general formula [(η(5)-C5H5)M(PP)Lc][PF6], bearing carbohydrate derivative ligands (Lc), were prepared and fully characterized and the crystal structures of five of those compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Cell viability of colon cancer HCT116 cell line was determined for a total of 23 organometallic compounds and SAR's data analysis within this library showed an interesting dependency of the cytotoxic activity on the carbohydrate moiety, linker, phosphane coligands, and metal center. More importantly, two compounds, 14Ru and 18Ru, matched oxaliplatin IC50 (0.45 μM), the standard metallodrug used in CC chemotherapeutics, and our leading compound 14Ru was shown to be significantly more cytotoxic than oxaliplatin to HCT116 cells, triggering higher levels of caspase-3 and -7 activity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.