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Milheiro SA, Gonçalves J, Lopes RMRM, Madureira M, Lobo L, Lopes A, Nogueira F, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, M Piedade MF, Pinto SN, Florindo PR, Moreira R. Half-Sandwich Cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) Complexes: A New Antimalarial Chemotype. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12722-12732. [PMID: 32838513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A small library of "half-sandwich" cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) compounds of the general formula [(η5-C5R5)Ru(PPh3)(N-N)][PF6], a scaffold hitherto absent from the toolbox of antiplasmodials, was screened for activity against the blood stage of CQ-sensitive 3D7-GFP, CQ-resistant Dd2, and artemisinin-resistant IPC5202 Plasmodium falciparum strains and the liver stage of Plasmodium berghei. The best-performing compounds displayed dual-stage activity, with single-digit nanomolar IC50 values against blood-stage malaria parasites, nanomolar activity against liver-stage parasites, and residual cytotoxicity against HepG2 and Huh7 mammalian cells. The parasitic absorption/distribution of 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-appended fluorescent compounds Ru4 and Ru5 was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy, revealing parasite-selective absorption in infected erythrocytes and nuclear accumulation of both compounds. The lead compound Ru2 impaired asexual parasite differentiation, exhibiting fast parasiticidal activity against both ring and trophozoite stages of a synchronized culture of the P. falciparum 3D7 strain. These results point to cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) complexes as a highly promising chemotype for the development of dual-stage antiplasmodials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Milheiro
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M R M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Madureira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lis Lobo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Lopes
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Fátima M Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro R Florindo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Florindo PR, Pereira DM, Borralho PM, Piedade MFM, Oliveira MC, Dias AM, Rodrigues CMP, Fernandes AC. Organoruthenium(ii) nucleoside conjugates as colon cytotoxic agents. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eleven organoruthenium(ii) nucleoside conjugates are reported, showing high cytotoxicity in HCT116 colon cancer cells and independent uptake of nucleoside transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R. Florindo
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Diane M. Pereira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Borralho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - M. F. M. Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana M. Dias
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana C. Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
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Florindo PR, Costa PJ, Piedade MFM, Robalo MP. pH-Switchability and Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Monocyclopentadienylruthenium(II)/iron(II) Tetrazoles/Tetrazolates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6849-6863. [PMID: 28569504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazole/tetrazolate monocyclopentadienyliron(II) and ruthenium(II) compounds of general formulas [(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6]/[(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)] were investigated for their pH-switching second-order nonlinear optical (SONLO) properties. Compounds [(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)] (M = Fe, Ru) and compound [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6] were fully characterized by (1H-, 13C-, 31P-) NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis, and compounds [(η5-C5H5)Fe(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)] and [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6] were further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; the synthesis of [(η5-C5H5)Fe(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6] was unsuccessful. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed using PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP functionals to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability (βtot) of the tetrazole/tetrazolate complexes and for a detailed analysis of the experimental data. Both functionals predict (i) high first hyperpolarizabilities for the tetrazolate complexes [(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)], with βtot[Ru] ≈ 1.2βtot[Fe], and (ii) a 3-fold reduction in βtot[Ru] upon protonation, in complex [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)]+, forecasting [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)]/[(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)]+ complexes as on/off, pH-switchable SONLO forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Florindo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - M F M Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Paula Robalo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
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Florindo PR, Pereira DM, Borralho PM, Costa PJ, Piedade MFM, Rodrigues CMP, Fernandes AC. New [(η5-C5H5)Ru(N–N)(PPh3)][PF6] compounds: colon anticancer activity and GLUT-mediated cellular uptake of carbohydrate-appended complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11926-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium glycoconjugates, with privileged passage through HCT116 colon cancer cell membranes via glucose transporters, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R. Florindo
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Diane M. Pereira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Borralho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Costa
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica
- DQB
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - M. F. M. Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana C. Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
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Florindo PR, Pereira DM, Borralho PM, Rodrigues CMP, Piedade MFM, Fernandes AC. Cyclopentadienyl-ruthenium(II) and iron(II) organometallic compounds with carbohydrate derivative ligands as good colorectal anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4339-47. [PMID: 25923600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New ruthenium(II) and iron(II) organometallic compounds of general formula [(η(5)-C5H5)M(PP)Lc][PF6], bearing carbohydrate derivative ligands (Lc), were prepared and fully characterized and the crystal structures of five of those compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Cell viability of colon cancer HCT116 cell line was determined for a total of 23 organometallic compounds and SAR's data analysis within this library showed an interesting dependency of the cytotoxic activity on the carbohydrate moiety, linker, phosphane coligands, and metal center. More importantly, two compounds, 14Ru and 18Ru, matched oxaliplatin IC50 (0.45 μM), the standard metallodrug used in CC chemotherapeutics, and our leading compound 14Ru was shown to be significantly more cytotoxic than oxaliplatin to HCT116 cells, triggering higher levels of caspase-3 and -7 activity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Florindo
- †Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diane M Pereira
- ‡Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Borralho
- ‡Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- ‡Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F M Piedade
- †Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,§Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fernandes
- †Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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