First-Principles Density Limit Scaling in Tokamaks Based on Edge Turbulent Transport and Implications for ITER

A first-principles scaling law, based on turbulent transport considerations, and a multimachine database of density limit discharges from the ASDEX Upgrade, JET, and TCV tokamaks, show that the increase of the boundary turbulent transport with the plasma collisionality sets the maximum density achievable in tokamaks. This scaling law shows a strong dependence on the heating power, therefore predicting for ITER a significantly larger safety margin than the Greenwald empirical scaling [Greenwald et al., Nucl. Fusion, 28, 2199 (1988)NUFUAU0029-551510.1088/0029-5515/28/12/009] in case of unintentional high-to-low confinement transition.

To value the model of psychiatric hospital admission, from 2013 to 2017 in local health service in a 240.000 people area of northern Italy

Introduction

Psychiatric Patients Admissions in Mental health Service of Treviso (Italy) were compared from 2013 to 2017. Trends of Admissions take onto consideration, the presence of Menthal Health Service for Outpatients Care.

Objectives

To point out the distribution of Diagnosis made in Different Years for different patients ages.

Methods

For every patient has been considered the following date : Sex, Age, Marital State, Profession, Psychiatric Diagnosis, Days of Admission, Geografic Origin and KInd of Admission (Voluntary / Involuntay).

Results

It is noticeable the different percentage of Psychiatric Diagnosis in 2013 rather than in 2017. In 2017 it happened a more amount of Psychiatric Admission of Subjects with Substance Addiction Related Disturbs (Alcool included) and Atypical Depression Sindrome and Borderline and Cluster B Perrsonalòity Disorders. Lower amount instead was verified for Diagnosis of Schizofernia, Neurosis and Oligofrenia. Beside it was noticed, an earlier onset of Psychotic Sindrome in Young people often related with Substance Abuse. In the 2017 besides was lower the amount of Involuntary Admission (T.S.O. in Italy) compared with 2013.

Conclusions

Different distribution of Diagnosis is explained by the Evolution Diagnosis Orientation (from D.S.M. IV to I.C.D. 10) About the increased Diagnosis of Substance Addiction Disturbs and Younger age of same subjescts seems caused by a different treatment’s Strategy with brief selective Admissions. Furthermore lesser Involonary Admission seems due to best knowledge of every patients. The most of Theese were indeed already known by Ambulatory Outpatient Mental Health Service.

Does community care works? Evaluate the effectiveness of mental health services

Introduction

Improving quality require the capability to evaluate clinical and operational processes and improve patients outcomes. Just in the view of evidence-based practise (EBP) it's used HONOS rating Scale, adopted since May 2012, by Mental Health Center of Villorba (Treviso-Italy) There are 3 package treatments: rehabilitative, territorial and clinical.

Objectives

To identify which variables are positively correlated to HONOS improvement in patients group who frequented Mental Health Centre along 36 months. All patients present severe mental illness.

Aims

Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and correlate to treatment package and individual feature. Analyze treatment process for quality improvement.

Method

A psychiatric team (4 nurses, 1 psychiatrist) administered Honos Rating Scale along 3 years: on starting point and 6, 12 and 36 months later: T 0,1,2,3,4. Patients are also described by diagnosis, mental, social and autonomy skill, time, utilization of MHC and anagraphic information.

Results

All 15 groups’ patients realize lower scoring, after 36 months’ treatment. Seven have got reliable improvement (i.e. = > 8-point lowering T3–T4) and positively correlate with: (1) 36 months’ treatment, at 12 months in rehabilitative Package; (2) days in residential/semi-residential community from 82 to 311 days. Related tables are included in paper.

Discussion and conclusion

HONOS score correlates directly with clinical and riabilitation improvement, i.e. mental, social capacity, and personal autonomy. It needs more investigation to clear which other factors are involved with improvement.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Preliminary results concerning the simulation of beam profiles from extracted ion current distributions for mini-STRIKE

The Radio Frequency (RF) negative hydrogen ion source prototype has been chosen for the ITER neutral beam injectors due to its optimal performances and easier maintenance demonstrated at Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching in hydrogen and deuterium. One of the key information to better understand the operating behavior of the RF ion sources is the extracted negative ion current density distribution. This distribution-influenced by several factors like source geometry, particle drifts inside the source, cesium distribution, and layout of cesium ovens-is not straightforward to be evaluated. The main outcome of the present contribution is the development of a minimization method to estimate the extracted current distribution using the footprint of the beam recorded with mini-STRIKE (Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter). To accomplish this, a series of four computational models have been set up, where the output of a model is the input of the following one. These models compute the optics of the ion beam, evaluate the distribution of the heat deposited on the mini-STRIKE diagnostic calorimeter, and finally give an estimate of the temperature distribution on the back of mini-STRIKE. Several iterations with different extracted current profiles are necessary to give an estimate of the profile most compatible with the experimental data. A first test of the application of the method to the BAvarian Test Machine for Negative ions beam is given.