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Agostinetti P, Dal Bello S, Dinh F, Ferrara A, Fincato M, Grando L, Mura M, Murari A, Sartori E, Siragusa M, Siviero F, Veronese F. Conceptual design of the Gas Injection and Vacuum System for DTT NBI. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Marcuzzi D, Toigo V, Boldrin M, Chitarin G, Dal Bello S, Grando L, Luchetta A, Pasqualotto R, Pavei M, Serianni G, Zanotto L, Agnello R, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Aprile D, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Berton G, Bigi M, Brombin M, Candela V, Candeloro V, Canton A, Casagrande R, Cavallini C, Cavazzana R, Cordaro L, Cruz N, Dalla Palma M, Dan M, De Lorenzi A, Delogu R, De Muri M, De Nardi M, Denizeau S, Fadone M, Fellin F, Ferro A, Gaio E, Gasparrini C, Gnesotto F, Jain P, La Rosa A, Lopez-Bruna D, Lorenzini R, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Manfrin S, Marconato N, Mario I, Martini G, Milazzo R, Patton T, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Poggi C, Pomaro N, Pouradier-Duteil B, Recchia M, Rigoni-Garola A, Rizzetto D, Rizzolo A, Santoro F, Sartori E, Segalini B, Shepherd A, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Sottocornola A, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Tinti P, Tomsič P, Trevisan L, Ugoletti M, Valente M, Valisa M, Veronese F, Vignando M, Zaccaria P, Zagorski R, Zaniol B, Zaupa M, Zuin M, Cavenago M, Boilson D, Rotti C, Decamps H, Geli F, Sharma A, Veltri P, Zacks J, Simon M, Paolucci F, Garbuglia A, Gutierrez D, Masiello A, Mico G, Labate C, Readman P, Bragulat E, Bailly-Maitre L, Gomez G, Kouzmenko G, Albajar F, Kashiwagi M, Tobari H, Kojima A, Murayama M, Hatakeyama S, Oshita E, Maejima T, Shibata N, Yamashita Y, Watanabe K, Singh N, Singh M, Dhola H, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Wimmer C, Wünderlich D, Tsumori K, Croci G, Gorini G, Muraro A, Rebai M, Tardocchi M, Giacomelli L, Rigamonti D, Taccogna F, Bruno D, Rutigliano M, Longo S, Deambrosis S, Miorin E, Montagner F, Tonti A, Panin F. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Vincenzi P, Agostinetti P, Ambrosino R, Bolzonella T, Casiraghi I, Castaldo A, De Piccoli C, Granucci G, Mantica P, Pigatto L, Snicker A, Vallar M. Interaction of high-energy neutral beams with Divertor Tokamak Test plasma. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Serianni G, Sartori E, Agnello R, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Barbisan M, Brombin M, Candeloro V, Dalla Palma M, Delogu R, De Muri M, Fadone M, Mario I, Patton T, Pimazzoni A, Poggi C, Pouradier-Duteil B, Segalini B, Shepherd A, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Ugoletti M, Veltri P, Zaniol B, Pasqualotto R. Spatially resolved diagnostics for optimization of large ion beam sources. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:081101. [PMID: 36050050 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Giant negative ion sources for neutral beam injectors deliver huge negative ion currents, thanks to their multi-beamlet configuration. As the single-beamlet optics defines the transmission losses along the beamline, the extraction of a similar current for all beamlets is extremely desirable, in order to facilitate the beam source operation (i.e., around perveance match). This Review investigates the correlation between the vertical profile of beam intensity and the vertical profiles of plasma properties at the extraction region of the source, focusing on the influence of increasing cesium injection. Only by the combined use of all available source diagnostics, described in this Review, can beam features on the scale of the non-uniformities be investigated with a sufficient space resolution. At RF power of 50 kW/driver, with intermediate bias currents and a filter field of 2.4 mT, it is found that the central part of the four vertical beam segments exhibits comparable plasma density and beamlet currents; at the edges of the central segments, both the beam and electron density appear to decrease (probably maintaining fixed electron-to-ion ratio); at the bottom of the source, an increase of cesium injection can compensate for the vertical drifts that cause a much higher presence of electrons and a lower amount of negative ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Agostini
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Barbisan
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brombin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Candeloro
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Dalla Palma
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Delogu
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M De Muri
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Fadone
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - I Mario
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - T Patton
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Pimazzoni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Poggi
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - B Pouradier-Duteil
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - B Segalini
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Shepherd
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Spolaore
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Taliercio
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Ugoletti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - B Zaniol
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Pasqualotto
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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Tran M, Agostinetti P, Aiello G, Avramidis K, Baiocchi B, Barbisan M, Bobkov V, Briefi S, Bruschi A, Chavan R, Chelis I, Day C, Delogu R, Ell B, Fanale F, Fassina A, Fantz U, Faugel H, Figini L, Fiorucci D, Friedl R, Franke T, Gantenbein G, Garavaglia S, Granucci G, Hanke S, Hogge JP, Hopf C, Kostic A, Illy S, Ioannidis Z, Jelonnek J, Jin J, Latsas G, Louche F, Maquet V, Maggiora R, Messiaen A, Milanesio D, Mimo A, Moro A, Ochoukov R, Ongena J, Pagonakis I, Peponis D, Pimazzoni A, Ragona R, Rispoli N, Ruess T, Rzesnicki T, Scherer T, Spaeh P, Starnella G, Strauss D, Thumm M, Tierens W, Tigelis I, Tsironis C, Usoltceva M, Van Eester D, Veronese F, Vincenzi P, Wagner F, Wu C, Zeus F, Zhang W. Status and future development of Heating and Current Drive for the EU DEMO. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Toigo V, Marcuzzi D, Serianni G, Boldrin M, Chitarin G, Bello SD, Grando L, Luchetta A, Pasqualotto R, Zaccaria P, Zanotto L, Agnello R, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Antoni V, Aprile D, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Berton G, Bigi M, Brombin M, Candeloro V, Canton A, Casagrande R, Cavallini C, Cavazzana R, Cordaro L, Cruz N, Palma MD, Dan M, De Lorenzi A, Delogu R, De Muri M, Denizeau S, Fadone M, Fellin F, Ferro A, Gaio E, Gasparini F, Gasparrini C, Gnesotto F, Jain P, Krastev P, Lopez-Bruna D, Lorenzini R, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Manfrin S, Marconato N, Martines E, Martini G, Martini S, Milazzo R, Patton T, Pavei M, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Poggi C, Pomaro N, Pouradier-Duteil B, Recchia M, Rigoni-Garola A, Rizzolo A, Sartori E, Shepherd A, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Sottocornola A, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Terranova D, Tinti P, Tomsič P, Trevisan L, Ugoletti M, Valente M, Vignando M, Zagorski R, Zamengo A, Zaniol B, Zaupa M, Zuin M, Cavenago M, Boilson D, Rotti C, Veltri P, Decamps H, Dremel M, Graceffa J, Geli F, Urbani M, Zacks J, Bonicelli T, Paolucci F, Garbuglia A, Agarici G, Gomez G, Gutierrez D, Kouzmenko G, Labate C, Masiello A, Mico G, Moreno JF, Pilard V, Rousseau A, Simon M, Kashiwagi M, Tobari H, Watanabe K, Maejima T, Kojima A, Oshita E, Yamashita Y, Konno S, Singh M, Chakraborty A, Patel H, Singh N, Fantz U, Bonomo F, Cristofaro S, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Wimmer C, Wünderlich D, Fubiani G, Tsumori K, Croci G, Gorini G, McCormack O, Muraro A, Rebai M, Tardocchi M, Giacomelli L, Rigamonti D, Taccogna F, Bruno D, Rutigliano M, D'Arienzo M, Tonti A, Panin F. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Agostinetti P, Franke T, Fantz U, Hopf C, Mantel N, Tran M. RAMI evaluation of the beam source for the DEMO neutral beam injectors. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Serianni G, Toigo V, Bigi M, Boldrin M, Chitarin G, Dal Bello S, Grando L, Luchetta A, Marcuzzi D, Pasqualotto R, Pomaro N, Zaccaria P, Zanotto L, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Antoni V, Aprile D, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Brombin M, Canton A, Cavazzana R, Dalla Palma M, Dan M, Delogu R, De Lorenzi A, De Muri M, Denizeau S, Fadone M, Fellin F, Ferro A, Gaio E, Gambetta G, Gasparini F, Gnesotto F, Jain P, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Manfrin S, Marchiori G, Marconato N, Moresco M, Patton T, Pavei M, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Piovan R, Poggi C, Recchia M, Rigoni A, Rizzolo A, Rostagni G, Sartori E, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Tinti P, Ugoletti M, Valente M, Zamengo A, Zaniol B, Zaupa M, Cavenago M, Boilson D, Rotti C, Veltri P, Chareyre J, Decamps H, Dremel M, Graceffa J, Geli F, Schunke B, Svensson L, Urbani M, Bonicelli T, Agarici G, Garbuglia A, Masiello A, Paolucci F, Simon M, Bailly-Maitre L, Bragulat E, Gomez G, Gutierrez D, Labate C, Mico G, Moreno JF, Pilard V, Kouzmenko G, Rousseau A, Chakraborty A, Baruah U, Patel H, Singh NP, Patel A, Dhola H, Raval B, Cristofaro S, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Kashiwagi M, Tobari H. First operation in SPIDER and the path to complete MITICA. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:023510. [PMID: 32113382 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The requirements of ITER neutral beam injectors (1 MeV, 40 A negative deuterium ion current for 1 h) have never been simultaneously attained; therefore, a dedicated Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was set up at Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italy). The NBTF includes two experiments: SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma), the full-scale prototype of the source of ITER injectors, with a 100 keV accelerator, to investigate and optimize the properties of the ion source; and MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the entire injector, devoted to the issues related to the accelerator, including voltage holding at low gas pressure. The present paper gives an account of the status of the procurements, of the timeline, and of the voltage holding tests and experiments for MITICA. As for SPIDER, the first year of operation is described, regarding the solution of some issues connected with the radiofrequency power, the source operation, and the characterization of the first negative ion beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Toigo
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Bigi
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Boldrin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Dal Bello
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Grando
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Luchetta
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Marcuzzi
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Pasqualotto
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Pomaro
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Zaccaria
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Zanotto
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Agostini
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Antoni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Aprile
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Barbisan
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Battistella
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brombin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Canton
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Cavazzana
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Dalla Palma
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Dan
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Delogu
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A De Lorenzi
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M De Muri
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Denizeau
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Fadone
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - F Fellin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Ferro
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Gaio
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Gambetta
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - F Gasparini
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - F Gnesotto
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Jain
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Maistrello
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Manduchi
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Manfrin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Marchiori
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Moresco
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - T Patton
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Pavei
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Peruzzo
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Pilan
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Pimazzoni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Piovan
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Poggi
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Recchia
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Rigoni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Rizzolo
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Rostagni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Siragusa
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Sonato
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Spada
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Spagnolo
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Spolaore
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Taliercio
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Tinti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Ugoletti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Valente
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Zamengo
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - B Zaniol
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zaupa
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Cavenago
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - D Boilson
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - C Rotti
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - P Veltri
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J Chareyre
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - H Decamps
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - M Dremel
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J Graceffa
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - F Geli
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - B Schunke
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - L Svensson
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - M Urbani
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - T Bonicelli
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Agarici
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Garbuglia
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Masiello
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Paolucci
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Simon
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Bailly-Maitre
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Bragulat
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Gomez
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gutierrez
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Labate
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Mico
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J F Moreno
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Pilard
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Kouzmenko
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rousseau
- Fusion for Energy, C/o Josep Pla 2, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Chakraborty
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - U Baruah
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - H Patel
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - N P Singh
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - A Patel
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - H Dhola
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - B Raval
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Nr. Indira Bridge, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - S Cristofaro
- IPP, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - U Fantz
- IPP, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- IPP, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - W Kraus
- IPP, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - M Kashiwagi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki-ken 311-0193, Japan
| | - H Tobari
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki-ken 311-0193, Japan
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9
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Serianni G, Toigo V, Bigi M, Boldrin M, Chitarin G, Dal Bello S, Grando L, Luchetta A, Marcuzzi D, Pasqualotto R, Pomaro N, Zaccaria P, Zanotto L, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Antoni V, Aprile D, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Brombin M, Cavazzana R, Dalla Palma M, Dan M, De Lorenzi A, Delogu R, De Muri M, Denizeau S, Fadone M, Fellin F, Ferbel L, Ferro A, Gaio E, Gambetta G, Gasparini F, Gnesotto F, Jain P, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Manfrin S, Marchiori G, Marconato N, Moresco M, Patton T, Pavei M, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Piovan R, Poggi C, Recchia M, Rizzolo A, Rostagni G, Sartori E, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Tinti P, Ugoletti M, Valente M, Zamengo A, Zaniol B, Zaupa M, Baltador C, Cavenago M, Boilson D, Rotti C, Veltri P, Bonicelli T, Paolucci F, Muriel S, Masiello A, Chakraborty A, Patel H, Singh N, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Kashiwagi M, Tsumori K. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Agostinetti P, Bolzonella T, Gobbin M, Sonato P, Spizzo G, Vallar M, Vincenzi P. Conceptual design of a neutral beam heating & current drive system for DTT. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Pavei M, Marcuzzi D, Zaccaria P, Agostinetti P, Aprile D, Barzon A, Baseggio L, Bernardi M, Bigi M, Boldrin M, Brombin M, Cervaro V, Chitarin G, Dal Bello S, Degli Agostini F, Fasolo D, Franchin L, Gambetta G, Garbuglia A, Geli F, Graceffa J, Grando L, Laterza B, Masiello A, Pasqualotto R, Recchia M, Rizzolo A, Rossetto F, Serianni G, Sottocornola A, Spolaore M, Tiso A, Toigo V, Tollin M, Zamengo A, Zanotto L. Spider beam source ready for operation. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Bustreo C, Agostinetti P, Bettini P, Casagrande R, Cavazzana R, Escande D, Osipenko M, Panza F, Piovan R, Puiatti M, Ricco G, Ripani M, Valisa M, Zollino G, Zuin M. RFP based Fusion-Fission Hybrid reactor model for nuclear applications. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Antoni V, Taccogna F, Agostinetti P, Barbisan M, Cavenago M, Chitarin G, Ferron N, Minelli P, Pimazzoni A, Poggi C, Sartori E, Serianni G, Suweis S, Ugoletti M, Veltri P. Negative ion beam source as a complex system: identification of main processes and key interdependence. Rend Fis Acc Lincei 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Vincenzi P, Varje J, Agostinetti P, Artaud J, Bolzonella T, Kurki-Suonio T, Mattei M, Sonato P, Vallar M. Estimate of 3D power wall loads due to Neutral Beam Injection in EU DEMO ramp-up phase. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Kocan M, Duran I, Entler S, Vayakis G, Agostinetti P, Brombin M, Carmona JM, Gambetta G, Jirman T, Marconato N, Moreau P, Peruzzo S, Spuig P, Walsh M. Steady state magnetic sensors for ITER and beyond: Development and final design (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10J119. [PMID: 30399664 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The measurements of the magnetic field in tokamaks such as ITER and DEMO will be challenging due to the long pulse duration, high neutron flux, and elevated temperatures. The long duration of the plasma pulse makes standard techniques, such as inductive coils, prone to errors. At the same time, the hostile environment, with repairs possible only on blanket exchange, if at all, requires a robust magnetic sensor. This contribution presents the final design of novel, steady-state, magnetic sensors for ITER. A poloidal array of 60 sensors mounted on the vacuum vessel outer shell contributes to the measurement of the plasma current, plasma-wall clearance, low-frequency MHD modes and will allow for crosscheck with the outer-vessel inductive coils. Each sensor hosts a pair of bismuth Hall probes, themselves an outcome of extensive R&D, including neutron irradiations (to 1023 n/m2), temperature cycling tests (73-473 K) and tests at high magnetic field (to 12 T). A significant effort has been devoted to optimize the sensor housing by design and prototyping. The production version features an indium-filled cell for in situ recalibration of the onboard thermocouple, vital for the interpretation of the Hall sensor measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kocan
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, 13067 St. Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - I Duran
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Entler
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Vayakis
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, 13067 St. Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35137 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brombin
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35137 Padova, Italy
| | - J M Carmona
- AVS, Pol. Ind. Sigma Xixilion Kalea 2, Bajo Pabellón 10, 20870 Elgoibar, Spain
| | - G Gambetta
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35137 Padova, Italy
| | - T Jirman
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35137 Padova, Italy
| | - P Moreau
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - S Peruzzo
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35137 Padova, Italy
| | - P Spuig
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - M Walsh
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, 13067 St. Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
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16
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Toigo V, Piovan R, Dal Bello S, Gaio E, Luchetta A, Pasqualotto R, Zaccaria P, Bigi M, Chitarin G, Marcuzzi D, Pomaro N, Serianni G, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Antoni V, Aprile D, Baltador C, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Boldrin M, Brombin M, Dalla Palma M, De Lorenzi A, Delogu R, De Muri M, Fellin F, Ferro A, Finotti C, Fiorentin A, Gambetta G, Gnesotto F, Grando L, Jain P, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Marconato N, Moresco M, Ocello E, Pavei M, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Recchia M, Rizzolo A, Rostagni G, Sartori E, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Sottocornola A, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Valente M, Veltri P, Zamengo A, Zaniol B, Zanotto L, Zaupa M, Boilson D, Graceffa J, Svensson L, Schunke B, Decamps H, Urbani M, Kushwah M, Chareyre J, Singh M, Bonicelli T, Agarici G, Masiello A, Paolucci F, Simon M, Bailly-Maitre L, Bragulat E, Gomez G, Gutierrez D, Mico G, Moreno JF, Pilard V, Kashiwagi M, Hanada M, Tobari H, Watanabe K, Maeshima T, Kojima A, Umeda N, Yamanaka H, Chakraborty A, Baruah U, Rotti C, Patel H, Nagaraju M, Singh N, Patel A, Dhola H, Raval B, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Hanke S, Hauer V, Ochoa S, Blatchford P, Chuilon B, Xue Y, De Esch H, Hemsworth R, Croci G, Gorini G, Rebai M, Muraro A, Cavenago M, D'Arienzo M, Sandri S. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Franke T, Agostinetti P, Avramidis K, Bader A, Bachmann C, Biel W, Bolzonella T, Ciattaglia S, Coleman M, Cismondi F, Granucci G, Grossetti G, Jelonnek J, Jenkins I, Kalsey M, Kembleton R, Mantel N, Noterdaeme JM, Rispoli N, Simonin A, Sonato P, Tran M, Vincenzi P, Wenninger R. Heating & current drive efficiencies, TBR and RAMI considerations for DEMO. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Granucci G, Ceccuzzi S, Giruzzi G, Sonato P, Agostinetti P, Bolzonella T, Bruschi A, Cardinali A, Figini L, Garavaglia S, Maggiora R, Milanesio D, Mirizzi F, Nowak S, Ravera G, Sozzi C, Tuccillo A, Vincenzi P. The DTT device: System for heating. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Agostinetti P, Chitarin G, Gambetta G, Marcuzzi D. Two key improvements to enhance the thermo-mechanic performances of accelerator grids for neutral beam injectors. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Variale V, Cavenago M, Agostinetti P, Sonato P, Zanotto L. Ion collector design for an energy recovery test proposal with the negative ion source NIO1. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B305. [PMID: 26932033 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Commercial viability of thermonuclear fusion power plants depends also on minimizing the recirculation power used to operate the reactor. The neutral beam injector (NBI) remains one of the most important method for plasma heating and control. For the future fusion power plant project DEMO, a NBI wall plug efficiency at least of 0.45 is required, while efficiency of present NBI project is about 0.25. The D(-) beam from a negative ion source is partially neutralized by a gas cell, which leaves more than 40% of energy in residual beams (D(-) and D(+)), so that an ion beam energy recovery system can significantly contribute to optimize efficiency. Recently, the test negative ion source NIO1 (60 keV, 9 beamlets with 15 mA H(-) each) has been designed and built at RFX (Padua) for negative ion production efficiency and the beam quality optimization. In this paper, a study proposal to use the NIO1 source also for a beam energy recovery test experiment is presented and a preliminary design of a negative ion beam collector with simulations of beam energy recovery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Variale
- INFN-BA, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - M Cavenago
- INFN - LNL, viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Sonato
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Zanotto
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
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21
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Agostinetti P, Giacomin M, Serianni G, Veltri P, Bonomo F, Schiesko L. Preliminary results concerning the simulation of beam profiles from extracted ion current distributions for mini-STRIKE. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B913. [PMID: 26932085 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Radio Frequency (RF) negative hydrogen ion source prototype has been chosen for the ITER neutral beam injectors due to its optimal performances and easier maintenance demonstrated at Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching in hydrogen and deuterium. One of the key information to better understand the operating behavior of the RF ion sources is the extracted negative ion current density distribution. This distribution-influenced by several factors like source geometry, particle drifts inside the source, cesium distribution, and layout of cesium ovens-is not straightforward to be evaluated. The main outcome of the present contribution is the development of a minimization method to estimate the extracted current distribution using the footprint of the beam recorded with mini-STRIKE (Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter). To accomplish this, a series of four computational models have been set up, where the output of a model is the input of the following one. These models compute the optics of the ion beam, evaluate the distribution of the heat deposited on the mini-STRIKE diagnostic calorimeter, and finally give an estimate of the temperature distribution on the back of mini-STRIKE. Several iterations with different extracted current profiles are necessary to give an estimate of the profile most compatible with the experimental data. A first test of the application of the method to the BAvarian Test Machine for Negative ions beam is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Giacomin
- Physics Department, Università di Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - F Bonomo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Schiesko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Baltador C, Veltri P, Agostinetti P, Chitarin G, Serianni G. Multi-beamlet investigation of the deflection compensation methods of SPIDER beamlets. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B141. [PMID: 26932023 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
SPIDER (Source for Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from a Rf plasma) is an ion source test bed designed to extract and accelerate a negative ion current up to 40 A and 100 kV whose first beam is expected by the end of 2016. Two main effects perturb beamlet optics during the acceleration stage: space charge repulsion and the deflection induced by the permanent magnets (called co-extracted electron suppression magnets) embedded in the EG. The purpose of this work is to evaluate and compare benefits, collateral effects, and limitations of electrical and magnetic compensation methods for beamlet deflection. The study of these methods has been carried out by means of numerical modeling tools: multi-beamlet simulations have been performed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baltador
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete S.p.A), Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete S.p.A), Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete S.p.A), Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete S.p.A), Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete S.p.A), Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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23
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Cavenago M, Serianni G, De Muri M, Agostinetti P, Antoni V, Baltador C, Barbisan M, Baseggio L, Bigi M, Cervaro V, Degli Agostini F, Fagotti E, Kulevoy T, Ippolito N, Laterza B, Minarello A, Maniero M, Pasqualotto R, Petrenko S, Poggi M, Ravarotto D, Recchia M, Sartori E, Sattin M, Sonato P, Taccogna F, Variale V, Veltri P, Zaniol B, Zanotto L, Zucchetti S. First experiments with the negative ion source NIO1. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B320. [PMID: 26932048 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs), which need to be strongly optimized in the perspective of DEMO reactor, request a thorough understanding of the negative ion source used and of the multi-beamlet optics. A relatively compact radio frequency (rf) ion source, named NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization 1), with 9 beam apertures for a total H(-) current of 130 mA, 60 kV acceleration voltage, was installed at Consorzio RFX, including a high voltage deck and an X-ray shield, to provide a test bench for source optimizations for activities in support to the ITER NBI test facility. NIO1 status and plasma experiments both with air and with hydrogen as filling gas are described. Transition from a weak plasma to an inductively coupled plasma is clearly evident for the former gas and may be triggered by rising the rf power (over 0.5 kW) at low pressure (equal or below 2 Pa). Transition in hydrogen plasma requires more rf power (over 1.5 kW).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cavenago
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M De Muri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Antoni
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Baltador
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Barbisan
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Baseggio
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Bigi
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Cervaro
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | | | - E Fagotti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - T Kulevoy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - N Ippolito
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy
| | - B Laterza
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Minarello
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - M Maniero
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Pasqualotto
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Petrenko
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - M Poggi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - D Ravarotto
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Recchia
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Sattin
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - P Sonato
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - F Taccogna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy
| | - V Variale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - B Zaniol
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Zanotto
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Zucchetti
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
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24
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Marcuzzi D, Agostinetti P, Dalla Palma M, De Muri M, Chitarin G, Gambetta G, Marconato N, Pasqualotto R, Pavei M, Pilan N, Rizzolo A, Serianni G, Toigo V, Trevisan L, Visentin M, Zaccaria P, Zaupa M, Boilson D, Graceffa J, Hemsworth RS, Choi CH, Marti M, Roux K, Singh MJ, Masiello A, Froeschle M, Heinemann B, Nocentini R, Riedl R, Tobari H, de Esch HPL, Muvvala VN. Final design of the beam source for the MITICA injector. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B309. [PMID: 26932037 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement experiment is the prototype and the test bed of the ITER heating and current drive neutral beam injectors, currently in the final design phase, in view of the installation in Padova Research on Injector Megavolt Accelerated facility in Padova, Italy. The beam source is the key component of the system, as its goal is the generation of the 1 MeV accelerated beam of deuterium or hydrogen negative ions. This paper presents the highlights of the latest developments for the finalization of the MITICA beam source design, together with a description of the most recent analyses and R&D activities carried out in support of the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marcuzzi
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Dalla Palma
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M De Muri
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Gambetta
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Pasqualotto
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Pavei
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Pilan
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - A Rizzolo
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Toigo
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - L Trevisan
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Visentin
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Zaccaria
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zaupa
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Boilson
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - J Graceffa
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - R S Hemsworth
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - C H Choi
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - M Marti
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - K Roux
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - M J Singh
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13067 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - A Masiello
- Fusion for Energy, C/ Josep Pla, 2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Froeschle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Nocentini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Riedl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Tobari
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka-shi 311-0193, Japan
| | - H P L de Esch
- CEA-Cadarache, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - V N Muvvala
- ITER-India, A-29, GIDC Electronic Estate, Sector 25, Gandhinagar 382025, India
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25
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Veltri P, Antoni V, Agostinetti P, Brombin M, Ikeda K, Kisaki M, Nakano H, Sartori E, Serianni G, Takeiri Y, Tsumori K. Optics of the NIFS negative ion source test stand by infrared calorimetry and numerical modelling. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B908. [PMID: 26932080 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), a multi-ampere negative ion source is used to support the R&D on H(-) production, extraction, and acceleration. In this contribution, we study the characteristics of the acceleration system of this source, in order to characterize the beam optics at different operational conditions. A dedicated experimental campaign was carried out at NIFS, using as main diagnostic the infra-red imaging of the beam profiles. The experimental measurements are also compared with 3D numerical simulations, in order to validate the codes and to assess their degree of reliability. The simulations show a satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Antoni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brombin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - K Ikeda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Kisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Y Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K Tsumori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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26
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Tsumori K, Ikeda K, Nakano H, Kisaki M, Geng S, Wada M, Sasaki K, Nishiyama S, Goto M, Serianni G, Agostinetti P, Sartori E, Brombin M, Veltri P, Wimmer C, Nagaoka K, Osakabe M, Takeiri Y, Kaneko O. Negative ion production and beam extraction processes in a large ion source (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B936. [PMID: 26932108 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent research results on negative-ion-rich plasmas in a large negative ion source have been reviewed. Spatial density and flow distributions of negative hydrogen ions (H(-)) and positive hydrogen ions together with those of electrons are investigated with a 4-pin probe and a photodetachment (PD) signal of a Langmuir probe. The PD signal is converted to local H(-) density from signal calibration to a scanning cavity ring down PD measurement. Introduction of Cs changes the slope of plasma potential local distribution depending upon the plasma grid bias. A higher electron density H2 plasma locally shields the bias potential and behaves like a metallic free electron gas. On the other hand, the bias and extraction electric fields penetrate in a Cs-seeded electronegative plasma even when the electron density is similar. Electrons are transported by the penetrated electric fields from the driver region along and across the filter and electron deflection magnetic fields. Plasma ions exhibited a completely different response against the penetration of electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsumori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K Ikeda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Kisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Geng
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - K Sasaki
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - S Nishiyama
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - M Goto
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - G Serianni
- Plasma Engineering Group, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Plasma Engineering Group, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Plasma Engineering Group, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brombin
- Plasma Engineering Group, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Plasma Engineering Group, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Wimmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Bereich ITER-Technologie und -Diagnostik/N-NBI Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Nagaoka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Osakabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - O Kaneko
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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27
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Serianni G, Agostinetti P, Antoni V, Baltador C, Cavenago M, Chitarin G, Marconato N, Pasqualotto R, Sartori E, Toigo V, Veltri P. Numerical simulations of the first operational conditions of the negative ion test facility SPIDER. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B927. [PMID: 26932099 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In view of the realization of the negative ion beam injectors for ITER, a test facility, named SPIDER, is under construction in Padova (Italy) to study and optimize production and extraction of negative ions. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the expected first operations of SPIDER in terms of single-beamlet and multiple-beamlet simulations of the hydrogen beam optics in various operational conditions. The effectiveness of the methods adopted to compensate for the magnetic deflection of the particles is also assessed. Indications for a sequence of the experimental activities are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Antoni
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Baltador
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Cavenago
- INFN-LNL, Viale dell'Università n. 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - R Pasqualotto
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - V Toigo
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, UNIPD, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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28
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Agostinetti P, Palma MD, Agostini FD, Marcuzzi D, Rizzolo A, Rossetto F, Sonato P, Zaccaria P. Vacuum Tight Threaded Junctions (VTTJ): A new solution for reliable heterogeneous junctions in ITER. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Sartori E, Agostinetti P, Dal Bello S, Marcuzzi D, Serianni G, Sonato P, Veltri P. Comparative study of beam losses and heat loads reduction methods in MITICA beam source. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B308. [PMID: 24593585 DOI: 10.1063/1.4827677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In negative ion electrostatic accelerators a considerable fraction of extracted ions is lost by collision processes causing efficiency loss and heat deposition over the components. Stripping is proportional to the local density of gas, which is steadily injected in the plasma source; its pumping from the extraction and acceleration stages is a key functionality for the prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector, and it can be simulated with the 3D code AVOCADO. Different geometric solutions were tested aiming at the reduction of the gas density. The parameter space considered is limited by constraints given by optics, aiming, voltage holding, beam uniformity, and mechanical feasibility. The guidelines of the optimization process are presented together with the proposed solutions and the results of numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - S Dal Bello
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Marcuzzi
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Sonato
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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30
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Antoni V, Agostinetti P, Aprile D, Cavenago M, Chitarin G, Fonnesu N, Marconato N, Pilan N, Sartori E, Serianni G, Veltri P. Physics design of the injector source for ITER neutral beam injector (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B128. [PMID: 24593568 DOI: 10.1063/1.4857235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI) are foreseen to provide a substantial fraction of the heating power necessary to ignite thermonuclear fusion reactions in ITER. The development of the NBI system at unprecedented parameters (40 A of negative ion current accelerated up to 1 MV) requires the realization of a full scale prototype, to be tested and optimized at the Test Facility under construction in Padova (Italy). The beam source is the key component of the system and the design of the multi-grid accelerator is the goal of a multi-national collaborative effort. In particular, beam steering is a challenging aspect, being a tradeoff between requirements of the optics and real grids with finite thickness and thermo-mechanical constraints due to the cooling needs and the presence of permanent magnets. In the paper, a review of the accelerator physics and an overview of the whole R&D physics program aimed to the development of the injector source are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Antoni
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Aprile
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - M Cavenago
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università n. 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Fonnesu
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Pilan
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - E Sartori
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - G Serianni
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla fusione, c.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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Chitarin G, Agostinetti P, Aprile D, Marconato N, Veltri P. Cancellation of the ion deflection due to electron-suppression magnetic field in a negative-ion accelerator. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B317. [PMID: 24593594 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new magnetic configuration is proposed for the suppression of co-extracted electrons in a negative-ion accelerator. This configuration is produced by an arrangement of permanent magnets embedded in one accelerator grid and creates an asymmetric local magnetic field on the upstream and downstream sides of this grid. Thanks to the "concentration" of the magnetic field on the upstream side of the grid, the resulting deflection of the ions due to magnetic field can be "intrinsically" cancelled by calibrating the configuration of permanent magnets. At the same time, the suppression of co-extracted electrons can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX, Association EURATOM-ENEA, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Agostinetti
- Consorzio RFX, Association EURATOM-ENEA, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - D Aprile
- Consorzio RFX, Association EURATOM-ENEA, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - N Marconato
- Consorzio RFX, Association EURATOM-ENEA, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - P Veltri
- Consorzio RFX, Association EURATOM-ENEA, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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Zaccaria P, Agostinetti P, Marcuzzi D, Pavei M, Pilan N, Rizzolo A, Sonato P, Spada F, Trevisan L. Progress in the MITICA beam source design. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B108. [PMID: 22380265 DOI: 10.1063/1.3670335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the development of the ITER neutral beam (NB) system, a test facility is planned to be built in Padova. A full size prototype of the ITER heating NB injector (MITICA) shall be built and tested at full beam power (17 MW) as per ITER requirements. The design of the MITICA beam source has further progressed following updated optimization and overall integration criteria. In the paper, the major design choices and revisions are presented, together with some results of numerical analyses carried out in order to assess the electrostatic and thermo-mechanical behaviour of the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zaccaria
- Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy.
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Chitarin G, Agostinetti P, Marconato N, Marcuzzi D, Sartori E, Serianni G, Sonato P. Concepts for the magnetic design of the MITICA neutral beam test facility ion accelerator. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B107. [PMID: 22380264 DOI: 10.1063/1.3669801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The megavolt ITER injector concept advancement neutral injector test facility will be constituted by a RF-driven negative ion source and by an electrostatic Accelerator, designed to produce a negative Ion with a specific energy up to 1 MeV. The beam is then neutralized in order to obtain a focused 17 MW neutral beam. The magnetic configuration inside the accelerator is of crucial importance for the achievement of a good beam efficiency, with the early deflection of the co-extracted and stripped electrons, and also of the required beam optic quality, with the correction of undesired ion beamlet deflections. Several alternative magnetic design concepts have been considered, comparing in detail the magnetic and beam optics simulation results, evidencing the advantages and drawbacks of each solution both from the physics and engineering point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chitarin
- Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
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Agostinetti P, Palma MD, Fantini F, Fellin F, Pasqualotto R. PCCE—A Predictive Code for Calorimetric Estimates in actively cooled components affected by pulsed power loads. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Dal Bello S, Ferro A, Gallo A, Grando L, Pilan N, Rizzolo A, Taliercio C, Valisa M, Agostinetti P, Bettini P, Lazzaro G, Tiso A, Tollin M, Zampiva E, Zella D, Hirano Y, Kiyama S, Sakakita H. Integration design of TPE-RX Neutral Beam Injector on RFX-mod. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Marcuzzi D, Agostinetti P, Dalla Palma M, Degli Agostini F, Pavei M, Rizzolo A, Tollin M, Trevisan L. Detail design of the beam source for the SPIDER experiment. Fusion Engineering and Design 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Heinemann B, Falter H, Fantz U, Franzen P, Fröschle M, Gutser R, Kraus W, Nocentini R, Riedl R, Speth E, Stäbler A, Wünderlich D, Agostinetti P, Jiang T. Design of the “half-size” ITER neutral beam source for the test facility ELISE. Fusion Engineering and Design 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Sonato P, Agostinetti P, Anaclerio G, Antoni V, Barana O, Bigi M, Boldrin M, Cavenago M, Dal Bello S, Palma MD, Daniele A, D’Arienzo M, De Lorenzi A, Ferro A, Fiorentin A, Gaio E, Gazza E, Grando L, Fantini F, Fellin F, Luchetta A, Manduchi G, Milani F, Marcuzzi D, Novello L, Pasqualotto R, Pavei M, Pengo R, Peruzzo S, Pesce A, Pilan N, Piovan R, Pomaro N, Recchia M, Rigato W, Rizzolo A, Serianni G, Spolaore M, Spolaore P, Sandri S, Taliercio C, Toigo V, Valisa M, Veltri P, Zaccaria P, Zamengo A, Zanotto L. The ITER full size plasma source device design. Fusion Engineering and Design 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Agostinetti P. Analytical and numerical models for estimates of power loads from calorimetric measurements. Fusion Engineering and Design 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Agostinetti P, Dal Bello S, Dalla Palma M, Zaccaria P. Thermo-mechanical design of the SINGAP accelerator grids for ITER NB injectors. Fusion Engineering and Design 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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