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Pinto-Sanchez MI, Blom JJ, Gibson PR, Armstrong D. Nutrition Assessment and Management in Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00361-5. [PMID: 38593924 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is the most common immune condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract; it is triggered by gluten and the only available treatment is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Therefore, for patients with CeD, adopting a GFD is not a lifestyle choice. The major problem is that a GFD is restrictive and, like all restrictive diets, it has the potential for adverse nutritional outcomes, especially if adopted for a long term. It is well known that GFD can be nutritionally inadequate and is frequently associated with vitamin and mineral deficiencies; it is also associated with excessive sugar and fat intake, particularly when gluten-free substitutes are consumed. Consequently, people with CeD are affected by higher rates of overweight and obesity and metabolic complications, such as fatty liver and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, assessment of nutritional status and diet quality at diagnosis and while on a long-term GFD is key in the management of CeD. This narrative review addresses nutritional considerations in CeD and management of common challenges associated with a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jedid-Jah Blom
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Central Clinical School, Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Khaouli M, Verdu EF, Pinto-Sanchez MI. Exploring novel therapies for coeliac disease: are safe drugs tolerable? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:S2468-1253(23)00112-7. [PMID: 37329899 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Khaouli
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N4K1, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N4K1, Canada
| | - M Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N4K1, Canada.
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Seiler C, Rueda G, Miranda P, Nardelli A, Borojevic R, Schuppan D, Moayyedi P, Verdu E, Collins S, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A19 INVESTIGATING MECHANISMS THAT DRIVE SYMPTOMS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME PATIENTS WITH PERCEIVED GLUTEN SENSITIVITY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991165 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often report gastrointestinal symptoms after consuming wheat and gluten-containing foods. It is, however, unclear whether gluten is the main driver of symptoms, as other immunogenic peptides, such as amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI), poorly digestible fiber (inulin, part of FODMAP) or even the nocebo effect may contribute to symptom generation. Purpose To evaluate whether whole wheat containing ATIs and/or purified gluten trigger gastrointestinal symptoms compared to nocebo in patients with IBS adopting a gluten-free diet (GFD). Method We conducted a double-blind, randomized, nocebo-controlled crossover study in adult IBS patients (Rome IV criteria) who previously perceived improvement of symptoms while on a GFD. The study was approved by the Hamilton Research Ethics Board (HiREB #4367). Participants were challenged for 7 days with whole wheat, purified gluten, and nocebo (gluten-free flour) added to low FODMAP cereal bars. Each challenge was followed by a 2-week washout. Patients remained on a GFD throughout the study, diet adherence was assessed by a dietitian and stool gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP; Biomedal). Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS); increases >50 points were considered a significant worsening. Blood samples were collected to assess immune markers and celiac (HLA DQ2, DQ8 and DQ7) genotype. Statistical comparisons used Friedman rank sum tests and paired Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Result(s) Twenty-nine IBS patients (27 female, mean age=42, SD=14.4 years) were enrolled in the study; 1 dropped. Similar proportions of patients reacted symptomatically to wheat (11/28, 39.3%), gluten (10/28, 35.7%) and nocebo (8/28, 28.6%). However, there was an overall significant increase in IBS symptoms after wheat (+39.5 on IBS-SSS; p=0.030) but not after gluten (+27.5; p=0.051) or nocebo (+5.5; p=0.236) challenges (Figure 1). Ten participants experienced IBS-SSS symptoms >175 during baseline and did not worsen further during the challenges. TNF-α trended from 1.35 pg/mL after nocebo, 1.47 pg/mL after gluten, to 1.57 pg/mL after wheat; however, this was not significant. Baseline adherence to a GFD was rated excellent in 19 (68%), good in 6 (21%), and fair in 3 (11%) participants. Median GIP levels were 0.584 µg/g after wheat, 0.432 µg/g after gluten, and 0.095 µg/g after nocebo; p<0.0001. Celiac predisposition genes were present in 19/24 participants (10/24 had DQ2, 2/24 had DQ8, and 9/24 had DQ7). Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) IBS patients self-reporting wheat or gluten sensitivity had worse symptoms after whole wheat, but not purified gluten or nocebo challenge. However, similar proportions of IBS patients reacted to each intervention, suggesting that central mechanisms play an important role in symptom genesis. Furthermore, one third of patients had high symptoms during a GFD and did not react to wheat or gluten challenges, suggesting that other mechanisms are driving their IBS symptoms. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR, Other Please indicate your source of funding; Society for the Study of Celiac Disease (Nestle); Canadian Digestive Health Foundation Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seiler
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - G Rueda
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - P Miranda
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A Nardelli
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R Borojevic
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Schuppan
- Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Collins
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Tandon S, Stefanolo JP, Russell L, Paz Temprano MDL, Niveloni S, Verdu E, Armstrong D, Lebwohl B, Leffler D, Tye-Din J, Day A, Olano C, Lopez V, Uzcanga L, Madaria E, Montoro Huguet M, Vivas S, Rodriguez-Herrera A, Makharia G, Sanders D, Zeitz J, Mulder C, Ciacci C, Valerio F, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A13 THE RATE OF ADVERSE EVENTS AFTER COVID-19 VACCINATION IS SIMILAR IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE AND NON-CELIAC POPULATION: RESULTS OF A LARGE INTERNATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991115 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with celiac disease (CeD) reported increased COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy due to a fear of adverse events (AEs). However, the risk of AEs post-COVID-19 vaccination in patients with CeD is unknown. Purpose To assess whether the rate of common side effects (SEs) and AEs due to COVID vaccines are higher in patients with CeD compared to a non-CeD population. Method We conducted a collaborative international cross-sectional study in 16 countries between April 2022 and July 2022. An online survey was distributed to patients with CeD through patients’ local societies, and to non-CeD from the general population in each country through social media posts, word-of-mouth, and through academic institutions. We collected data on participant demographics, medical conditions, CeD diagnosis, GFD adherence, history of COVID-19 vaccinations (type and doses) and self-reported SEs and AEs post-COVID-19 vaccine. SEs included pain/swelling at the site, fatigue, fever, chills, nausea and/or headaches. AEs included thrombosis, myocarditis, anaphylactic reaction, and hospitalization related to the vaccine. Logistic regression models were used to assess predictors such as CeD diagnosis, age, gender, vaccine type and comorbidities on the likelihood of reporting SEs and AEs post-vaccine. Result(s) : A total of 17,795 participants completed the survey, 13,638 with CeD (median age of 45[27]) and 4,157 non-CeD controls (median age of 43[20]). There were no significant differences in sex between CeD and controls. Overall, CeD patients had similar odds of SEs compared with non-CeD individuals (aOR=1.02;95% CI=0.92-1.14). SEs were slightly increased only in the second dose of the vaccine in the CeD population compared to non-CeD individuals (aOR= 1.35; 95% CI=1.19-1.53). The most common reported SEs in CeD and controls were pain/swelling at the injection site (29% vs 23 %, p< 0.0001) and fatigue (29% vs 24%, p<0.0001). The odds of SEs were higher with Moderna Spikevax, AstraZeneca/Oxford and Johnson and Johnson vaccines than after the Pfizer vaccine (p< 0.0001). The overall rate of AEs post-vaccine was similar between patients with CeD and non-CeD individuals (aOR= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.89-1.87). Overall, female gender, older age, GFD adherence, respiratory conditions, obesity and receiving immunosuppressive medications increased the odds of SEs, while only age and a history of allergies increased the odds of AEs. Conclusion(s) In this large international study, patients with CeD reported similar rates of SEs and AEs post-COVID vaccine compared to non-CeD individuals. This information is highly relevant as it addresses the main concern leading to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in CeD patients. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tandon
- Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - L Russell
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - S Niveloni
- Hospital B Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Verdu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - D Leffler
- Gastroenterology, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - J Tye-Din
- Immunology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Day
- Paediatric Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Olano
- Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V Lopez
- Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Uzcanga
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Madaria
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante
| | | | - S Vivas
- Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain
| | | | - G Makharia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Sanders
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - J Zeitz
- Hirslanden Group, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Mulder
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Ciacci
- Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - F Valerio
- Albert Einstein Hospital Israelita, Sao Luiz, Hospital Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Rueda GH, Causada-Calo N, Nardelli A, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Borojevic R, Libertucci J, Loonen L, Wells J, Sokol H, Verdu E, Bercik P. A248 THE ROLE OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN IN INDOLE AND KYNURENINE PRODUCTION AND IMMUNE MODULATION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859395 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural supplements are widely consumed by the general public, with little evidence of mechanistic support. Tryptophan has gained central attention, being transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity and mood. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Tryptophan has been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, however the clinical data to support this are missing. Aims To investigate clinical, immune, and metabolic parameters in response to tryptophan supplementation, in healthy subjects on a low tryptophan diet. Methods We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 healthy volunteers (18 - 75 years old). Subjects were instructed to start a low tryptophan diet and then randomly assigned to a 3-week tryptophan supplementation (3g/day) or placebo, in enteric coated capsules. After a 2-week washout period, subjects crossed over to the opposite intervention arm. Questionnaires were used to assess bowel symptoms, anxiety, depression and stress levels (GSRS, HADS and DASS21, respectively). Stool, urine, blood and duodenal aspirates were collected to measure tryptophan metabolites and cytokines. Results Tryptophan supplementation had no changes in gastrointestinal symptoms or behavioral parameters. Compared with placebo, tryptophan increased urinary and plasma levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/kynurenine (p= 0.002 and p= 0.02, respectively) and indoles (p= 0.001 and p= 0.01, respectively), suggestive of activation of host and microbial metabolic pathways. Urinary and plasma metabolites were higher than in feces (p=<0.05), suggesting their active absorption in the small intestine. There were no differences in AhR activity in duodenal aspirates or in stool. Although no changes in the cytokine production were detected, serum kynurenine pathway metabolites negatively correlated with IL-8 levels (R=-0.72; p=0.001). Fecal tryptophan metabolites levels positively correlated with anxiety and depression scores, suggesting that the microbial metabolism of dietary tryptophan in the colon impacts host behavior. Conclusions Tryptophan supplementation in healthy individuals was safe and had a measurable influence on microbial and host metabolism, mainly kynurenine and indole pathways, with known immunomodulatory properties. Tryptophan was metabolized and absorbed in the small intestine, reflected by the high metabolite levels in plasma and urine. Fecal metabolites correlating with clinical parameters reflect subjects’ long-term diet. Further studies are warranted to study tryptophan supplementation in disorders with altered AhR pathways. Funding Agencies CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rueda
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - R Borojevic
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Libertucci
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Loonen
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - J Wells
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - H Sokol
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Faisal M, Russell L, Collins AW, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A255 INCREASED ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND REDUCED EXERCISE CAPACITY IN CELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS ON A GLUTEN-FREE DIET. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Celiac disease (CeD) patients often exhibit impaired nutritional status due to nutrient malabsorption and altered metabolism. Accurate clinical assessment of malnutrition, muscle function and energy requirements are thus essential to prevent and treat malnutrition. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the most accurate method to measure energy needs, but it is underutilized in outpatient settings.
Aims
To assess the use of IC testing in estimating the resting energy expenditure and exercise-related energy utilization in treated CeD patients compared to patients with other gastrointestinal (GI) conditions.
Methods
Adult patients attending the Celiac and Nutrition Clinic at McMaster University that underwent rest and exercise testing as a part of their nutritional assessment were enrolled. CeD diagnosis was based on positive CeD serology and confirmed by biopsy, and all of them were on a GFD for at least 6 months. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and undernutrition due to other causes (UN) were included as controls. Resting energy expenditure was assessed using 3
methods
1) predictive formula (25kcal/kg), 2) Harris Benedict and 3) estimation of VO2 by IC. Exercise capacity and energy expenditure (EE) during exercise was estimated at baseline, moderate and maximum exercise. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections and Chi2 test were used to assess differences between continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
Results
A total of 66 patients (CeD n=24; IBD n=15; FGID n=17; UN n=10) were included in the analysis. The REE of GI patients measured using the HB equation and the predictive formula were significantly underestimated compared to IC [Mean Difference (MD)=229 kcal/day p=0.03 and MD=365 kcal/day p<0.001, respectively]. The EE during exercise increased with intensity of exercise. CeD patients had the highest EE during moderate and strenuous exercise (Mean EE = 286 kcal/h and 494 kcal/h respectively) compared to patients with other GI conditions (Moderate and Strenuous for IBD= 218kcal/h and 373kcal/h; for FGIDs 296kcal/hand 467kcal/h, for UN, Mean EE = 181kcal/h and 294kcal/h). Exercise capacity was reduced in CeD compared to predicted exercise capacity (Mean = 86% predicted work capacity, range 72.5–107%), but was significantly higher than IBD (86% vs 73%; p=0.65) and UN patients (86% vs 46%; p=0.004).
Conclusions
Increased energy consumption and reduced exercise capacity is suggestive of chronic impaired nutritional status in treated CeD patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to understand whether incorporating accurate estimations of energy expenditure in nutritional practices can improve CeD outcomes.
Funding Agencies
CAG
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faisal
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Russell
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Libertucci J, Constante M, Galipeau HJ, Szamosi JC, Rueda GH, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Southward CM, Rossi LM, Fontes ME, Chirdo FG, Surette M, Bercik P, CAMINERO FERNANDEZ A, Verdu E. A46 BIOGEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND FUNCTIONAL PATHWAYS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN CELIAC DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859172 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genes and gluten are necessary, but insufficient to cause celiac disease (CeD), as risk alleles (DQ2 or DQ8) are prevalent in ~30–40% of the healthy population consuming gluten. Gut microbiota shifts and infections have been proposed as risk modulators. Biogeographic characterization of the microbiota in CeD patients and its functional significance are limited, particularly at the duodenum, the main site of inflammation. Aims We studied microbiota composition and predicted function along the gastrointestinal tract and investigated the impact of host genetics and CeD activity. Methods We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) and predicted gene function analysis (PICRUSt2), to study the microbiota in duodenal biopsies (D1, D2 and D3), duodenal aspirates, and fecal samples from patients with active CeD (n= 24) (biopsy and serology confirmed) and controls (non-celiac, n= 41). CeD alleles were determined in consented participants using DQ-CD typing. Small intestinal samples from controls (DQ2-/- = 14; DQ2+/- = 7) and CeD (DQ2+/- = 12) were used for further analysis and to colonize C57BL/6 germ-free mice for gluten metabolism studies. Results Microbiota community composition and predicted function was mainly determined by intestinal location (P= 0.001). Within the duodenum, but not in stool, CeD patients had increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens. Escherichia coli was increased in D1, Streptococcus pneumoniae in D2, and Neisseria in D3 versus controls. Predicted bacterial protease and peptidase genes were altered in CeD DQ2+/- patients versus DQ2-/- controls. In DQ2+/- controls, fewer predicted bacterial genes were altered compared to CeD DQ2+/- patients. Impaired capacity to metabolize gluten was confirmed in germ-free mice colonized with microbiota from CeD (DQ2+/-), but not DQ2+/- or DQ2-/- controls. Conclusions In the duodenum, CeD is associated with increased opportunistic pathogens and altered bacterial proteolytic profile. These are not determined by genetic predisposition, as CeD and controls with similar genetic background differed in its predicted bacterial proteolytic function, which was confirmed in mice colonized with duodenal microbiota using these cohorts. Our study highlights the need for defining sampling location in studies investigating the role of microbiota in CeD. Funding Agencies CAG, CCC, CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- J Libertucci
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Constante
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - H J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J C Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G H Rueda
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C M Southward
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L M Rossi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M E Fontes
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - F G Chirdo
- Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Russell L, Janisse N, Jones G, Karachi T, Serrano PE, ApSimon M, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A251 USE OF INDIRECT CALORIMETRY TESTING TO DIRECT NUTRITION SUPPORT IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL CONDITIONS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859362 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indirect calorimetry (IC), which measures oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output, determines energy expenditure (EE) more precisely than predictive equations in critically ill patients. It is unknown whether the use of IC affects energy provision in critically ill patients with gastrointestinal (GI) conditions that affect absorption and digestion Aims To (1) compare IC and predictive equations for determining energy needs and (2) evaluate whether IC results affect changes in nutrition support in critically ill patients with GI conditions. Methods In a prospective, observational study, IC was performed for 25 to 55 mins in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care or clinical wards at 2 tertiary-care hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario between Feb 2018 to Sept 2021. EE measured by IC was compared to EE determined by a predictive equation (25 kcal/kg) or the Harris-Benedict (HB) formula. A change in energy provision was defined as a change of >10% directed by IC. Continuous data are expressed as means and standard deviation (SD), and categorical data as a proportion of patients. The Mann Whitney U Test (SPSSv26) was used to compare GI and non-GI populations. Results Of 296 IC tests in 229 patients, 39 of them were in 30 GI patients (11 female; mean age 62 yrs; SD 19). Admission GI diagnoses were pancreatitis (33%), liver disease (20%), Crohn’s disease/ autoimmune enteropathy (20%), post-bowel resection (10%), chronic abdominal pain (10%), and cholangitis (7%). The predictive formula underestimated EE in 67% of GI patients (mean deficit 503 kcal/day) compared to IC, corresponding to a mean deficit of 25% of patients’ energy needs. The HB formula underestimated EE in 73% of patients (mean deficit 652 kcal/day), a mean deficit of 28% of patients’ energy needs compared to IC. Pancreatitis was the majority diagnosis (75% of the predictive equation; 50% HB) among patients with the highest deficit (>30%) in energy needs when compared to IC. There were no significant differences in the rates of underestimation of energy needs based on predictive and HB formulas between the GI and non-GI patients or between luminal GI and non-luminal GI conditions. After IC, 63% of tests led to changes in energy provisions in GI patients; most requiring an increase in energy provisions (53%). Conclusions The use of IC to accurately measure EE led to changes in energy provisions in critically ill GI patients. Preventing over- and underfeeding with the implementation of IC to guide nutrition has the potential to improve outcomes in critically ill patients with gastrointestinal conditions. Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- L Russell
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Janisse
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G Jones
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Karachi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - M ApSimon
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Moss K, Russell L, Mehta K, Faisal M, Armstrong D, Verdu E, Dowhaniuk J, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A194 THE ADDITION OF DEAMIDATED GLIADIN PEPTIDE TO TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE ANTIBODIES DOES NOT INCREASE THE ODDS OF CELIAC DISEASE DIAGNOSIS IN AN IGA SUFFICIENT POPULATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859345 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous studies proposed that the combination of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 IgA (TTG) and IgG deamidated gliadin peptide IgG (DGP) antibodies increases celiac disease (CeD) detection rates. However, this remains controversial.
Aims
To evaluate the performance of adding DGP to TTG antibodies, for the diagnosis of celiac disease (CeD) in the immunoglobulin A (IgA)-sufficient population.
Methods
We included consecutive patients with suspected CeD who had both TTG and DGP serology performed simultaneously from 2017–2020 in Hamilton, Canada. Chart review was performed by 3 reviewers to extract data on biopsies, diagnosis of CeD and genetic HLA-DQ2/DQ8. CeD was defined as positive serology (either TTG and/or DGP) and villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies (≥Marsh-3a). A case was defined as an instance of TTG and DGP performed at a single timepoint. A single patient could have represented multiple cases if TTG and DGP were measured at multiple time points. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were calculated, and ROC curves were generated. Diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) assessed the performance of each serological strategy compared to duodenal biopsies.
Results
There were 580 patients constituting 823 cases that met inclusion criteria, of whom 441 had CeD. IgA-deficient patients (n=100) were excluded. Of the 723 cases remaining, 337 (214 adult;123 pediatric) had serology performed at the time of CeD diagnosis. TTG increased the odds of CeD diagnosis compared with DGP, Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR)=53.22 (95% CI 22.63–119.80) vs DOR=21.28 (95% CI 10.67–42.46). The addition of DGP to TTG did not increase the odds of CeD diagnosis [DGP+TTG DOR=51.39 (95% CI 19.36–135.61) vs TTG alone DOR=53.22 (95% CI 22.63–119.80)]. There were 37 discordant cases where only one of either TTG or DGP was positive. HLA-DQ2/DQ8 were absent in 2/9 cases with isolated increased DGP. Among the discordant cases, TTG outperformed DGP (DOR TTG= 4.29; 95% CI 1.09–16.83 vs DOR DGP=0.23; 95% CI 0.06–0.92).
Conclusions
In the IgA-sufficient population, the addition of DGP to TTG testing does not increase the diagnostic accuracy of CeD serologic screening. This has implications in health-care costs as false positive results prompt further investigations. Given these findings, larger prospective studies should be completed prior to adding DGP antibodies to routine TTG serology.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moss
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Russell
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K Mehta
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Faisal
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Dowhaniuk
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Miranda PM, Rueda GH, Seiler C, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A34 GLUTEN-FREE DIET IMPROVES DYSPEPTIC SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES IN WHOM CELIAC DISEASE WAS EXCLUDED. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859200 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) often suffer from dyspeptic symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea and vomiting. T1DM shares genetic risk factors (HLA-DQ2 and DQ8) with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder caused by an immune reaction to gluten. Patients with concomitant T1DM and celiac disease benefit from a gluten-free diet (GFD), as it improves their symptoms, gastric emptying and small intestinal inflammation. However, it is unknown whether GFD has any benefit in patients with T1DM without celiac disease, who present with symptoms of dyspepsia or gastroparesis. Aims To investigate the role of a GFD in the management of moderate to severe dyspeptic symptoms in non-celiac patients with T1DM. Methods We enrolled 13 adult T1DM patients, in whom celiac disease was ruled out, suffering from two or more upper GI symptoms. The patients were instructed to adhere to a strict GFD for a period of 1 month, under the supervision of a dietitian. Glycemic levels were monitored by a continuous glucose monitoring device (CGM) for 2 weeks before, and at the end of the GFD period. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess upper GI symptoms (Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index, Short Form Leeds Dyspepsia questionnaire), general quality of life (Patient Assessment of Upper GI Disorders Quality of Life), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety Depression scale). Blood samples were collected to assess glycaemia (Hb1Ac) and immune markers. Scintigraphy and videofluoroscopy were used to assess gastric emptying. Results After one month on a GFD, T1DM patients reported a significant improvement in nausea (p<0.05), sensation of fullness (p<0.001) and bloating (p<0.0001). Overall dyspepsia symptoms also improved (p<0.01), with 92% of patients reporting decreased dyspepsia scores. Moreover, there was an improvement in the quality of life (p<0.01), and decreased scores of anxiety and depression (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). There were no changes in gastric emptying or glycemic management metrics, such as mean glucose level, time in target, glucose variance or HbA1c levels. Interestingly, one year after the end of the study, 63.6% of participants continued to follow a GFD. The most common reason to remain on a GFD reported by these patients was “because it improved GI symptoms”. Questionnaire data collected at the follow-up demonstrated that the improvement of dyspeptic symptoms persisted after 1 year on GFD (p<0.001). Conclusions GFD improves dyspeptic symptoms in T1D patients without concomitant celiac disease, without affecting their glycemic levels or gastric emptying. Although these results need to be validated in a larger study, our data suggest that GFD could be used as a therapeutical tool for T1DM patients grappling with burdensome upper GI symptoms. ![]()
Gluten-Free diet improves dyspepsia symptoms in Type 1 Diabetes patients, after 1 month and 1 year Funding Agencies CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Miranda
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G H Rueda
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Seiler
- Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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11
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Gupta V, Jivraj A, Armstrong D, Verdu E, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A192 CONSUMPTION OF FOOD LOWER IN TRYPTOPHAN IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859305 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tryptophan, an essential amino acid found in many protein-based foods, has been involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders and celiac disease (CeD). However, dietary tryptophan consumption has not been investigated in CeD. Aims To estimate 1) differences in tryptophan content in food consumed in CeD patients compared to matched healthy controls (HC), and 2) whether consumption of tryptophan is associated with the presence of anxiety and depression in patients with CeD. Methods This prospective observational study examined adult patients with a diagnosis of CeD, based on positive specific serology and confirmed by duodenal biopsies, enrolled in the Celiac Registry at McMaster University. A group of sex matched HC were recruited from within the community. Participants completed several questionnaires to evaluate, gastrointestinal symptoms (GSRS), Anxiety and Depression (HADS), and dietary intake of tryptophan (Modified Food Frequency Questionnaire). In addition, CeD patients were assessed for celiac disease activity (CSI), gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence (CDAT) and nutritional status. HADs >11 denoted significant anxiety or depression. Cut-off for low vs high amount of tryptophan content in food was established based on the median tryptophan food content in the HC population. Results A total of 443 participants were enrolled in the study; 222 with CeD and 221 controls. The majority of participants were female (74.3%) and the adherence to the GFD was very good (Median CDAT=13; IQR 11–15). The CeD patients were older than HC (Median age, yrs. CD= 40 vs HC= 35; p<0.01). Patients with CeD consumed higher amount of tryptophan compared with HC (Median tryptophan g/day CeD=4.41 vs HC=3.31; p<0.01). There were 157 active CeD patients (CSI ≧ 30). There was no difference in tryptophan consumption between patients with and without active CeD (OR=1.021; 95%CI 0.86–1.21; p=0.88). There was no association between tryptophan consumption and gastrointestinal symptoms or depression scores. Fifteen % of the overall population and 18% of the CeD population had anxiety. There was an increased risk of anxiety in the overall population that consumed low amount of tryptophan (OR=1.87; 95%CI 1.01–3.11; p=0.04), and the risk was greater in the CeD population (OR=4.57; 95%CI 1.26–16.41; p<0.01). Conclusions Consumption of food with lower amounts of tryptophan in patients with CeD is associated with significant anxiety, which may influence disease management. Future studies should evaluate whether increasing tryptophan in the diet compared to supplements improves outcomes in CeD population, especially in those with anxiety. Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gupta
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Jivraj
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Mohan V, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Nardelli A, Borojevic R, De Palma G, Collins SM, Bercik P. A51 ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE EPISODIC NATURE OF SYMPTOMS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859364 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex functional gastrointestinal disorder with likely heterogenous pathophysiology, multiple symptoms, and comorbidities. Growing evidence shows that the gut microbiota composition and function are altered in IBS patients. However, identifying the critical drivers of clinical expression remains challenging due to the episodic occurrence of IBS symptoms, the inherent variability in composition of gut microbiota across individuals, and high sensitivity of gut microbiota to dietary and environmental cues. Aims To identify whether changes in gut microbiota composition accompany or, predict the occurrence of symptoms. Methods 28 IBS patients (IBS-D n=20, IBS-C n=8) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were followed longitudinally for 25 weeks, collecting stool samples, and recording their symptoms weekly. Stool microbiota profiles were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina platform. The sequences were preprocessed, filtered, and annotated using DADA2 and phyloseq pipelines; statistical analyses were performed using FactomineR and microbiomeanalyst packages in R. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Multifactorial analysis of clinical data classified 950 samples in 6 clusters. Distribution of samples among the clusters was based on Bristol stool scale defining symptomatic periods (scores <3 and >4 indicating abnormal stool) and asymptomatic periods (scores 3 or 4), with several gut and mood symptoms varying significantly between the two categories. IBS-D patients, but not IBS-C patients presented with changes in symptoms severity, such as pain, diarrhea, constipation, and anxiety during the symptomatic periods. Depression scores were, however, higher in IBS-C compared to IBS-D patients. In contrast, immune makers such as fecal b-defensin-2 and calprotectin were higher during asymptomatic periods in IBS-D, but not in IBS-C patients. Bacterial diversity profiles differed among IBS patients (IBS-D and IBS-C) and HC, namely Shannon index and Bray-Curtis distance, but they did not change significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods within each subtype. Despite this, several bacterial taxa unique to each cluster were identified using linear mixed models. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the need to study patterns of co-occurrence of IBS symptoms and their severity during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods to better understand the role of identified bacterial taxa in the symptom generation. Identifying their temporal changes and cross-feeding patterns in individual patients will shed light on the underlying mechanistic role of gut microbiota in IBS, which might be otherwise obscured by group generalizations. Funding Agencies CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Borojevic
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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Mistry J, Khaouli M, Weiten D, Case S, Gidrewicz D, Turner J, Duerksen D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A193 PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO GLUTEN-FREE FOOD ACCESS ON-CAMPUS EXPERIENCED BY STUDENTS FROM DIFFERENT CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859143 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Students with gluten-related disorders (GRD), a spectrum of conditions including celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), often experience challenges when accessing gluten-free (GF) foods.
Aims
To identify barriers perceived by students with GRD to access GF products on-campus of universities and colleges across Canada.
Methods
We conducted a cross sectional survey using the RedCap platform and distributed it to the Canadian Celiac Association community. We included students who reported adopting a GFD for various reasons including CeD and other GRD. We collected data on adherence to the GFD using a validated questionnaire (CDAT), presence of perceived barriers to follow a GFD while dining on campus, persistent symptoms, and altered quality of life. Continuous data are expressed as median (IQR), and categorical data as proportions of patients. Mann-Whitney U and Chi2 with Fisher correction were used to assess differences between groups.
Results
Seventy nine students responded to the survey (5% male and median age = 25 yrs) and 78 had complete data for analysis. Of the 78 students, 52 (66.6%) reported a diagnosis of CeD, while 26 were adopting a GFD for other reasons (non-CeD). The majority were enrolled in university programs (72/78) and 18% were living on-campus. Almost 90% reported difficulties maintaining a GFD while dining on-campus. Similar proportion of CeD and non-CeD reported eating gluten accidentally (75% vs 80%), while 15% reported eating gluten intentionally on-campus at least a few times per week. This was observed more frequently in non-CeD compared with students with CeD (61% vs 17%; p=0.04). Barriers identified in CeD versus non-CeD groups were related to a reduced GF-food variety (48% vs 69%), lack of availability of GF food (21% vs 46%) and increased cost (46% vs 81%) compared with gluten-containing counterparts. The majority of participants were concerned whether the food available on-campus was truly GF (80% vs 54%) as they reported foods not properly labelled. The majority of participants considered their overall health (79%) and quality of life (65%) was fair to terrible while dining on campus. During the pandemic, 76% of them perceived that it was easier to stick to a GF diet.
Conclusions
Students from various universities and colleges across Canada experience barriers to access GF food on-campus. This has a significant impact on their overall health and quality of life. Proper food labeling, GF certification and improving the variety of GF food on-campus are options for improvement.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mistry
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Khaouli
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Weiten
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S Case
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - J Turner
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Duerksen
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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14
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Balart MT, Russell L, Narula N, Bajaj G, Chauhan U, Khan KJ, Marwaha AN, Ching E, Biro J, Halder S, Tse F, Marshall JK, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Bercik P, Verdu EF, Leontiadis GI, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. Declining Use of Corticosteroids for Crohn's Disease Has Implications for Study Recruitment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021; 4:214-221. [PMID: 34617003 PMCID: PMC8489529 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids (CS) have been used extensively to induce remission in Crohn’s disease (CD); however, they are associated with severe side effects. We hypothesized that the administration of an exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) formula to CS would lead to increased CD remission rates and to decreased CS-related adverse events. We proposed to undertake a pilot study comparing EEN and CS therapy to CS alone to assess decrease symptoms and inflammatory markers over 6 weeks. Aim The overall aim was to assess study feasibility based on recruitment rates and acceptability of treatment in arms involving EEN Methods The pilot study intended to recruit 100 adult patients with active CD who had been prescribed CS to induce remission as part of their care. The patients were randomized to one of three arms: (i) standard-dose CS; (ii) standard-dose CS plus EEN (Modulen 1.5 kcal); or (iii) short-course CS plus EEN. Results A total of 2009 CD patients attending gastroenterology clinics were screened from October 2018 to November 2019. Prednisone was prescribed to only 6.8% (27/399) of patients with active CD attending outpatient clinics. Of the remaining 372 patients with active CD, 34.8% (139/399) started or escalated immunosuppressant or biologics, 49.6% (198/399) underwent further investigation and 8.8% (35/399) were offered an alternative treatment (e.g., antibiotics, surgery or investigational agents in clinical trials). Only three patients were enrolled in the study (recruitment rate 11%; 3/27), and the study was terminated for poor recruitment. Conclusion The apparent decline in use of CS for treatment of CD has implications for CS use as an entry criterion for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Balart
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Russell
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Narula
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G Bajaj
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Brampton Endoscopy Centre, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - U Chauhan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K J Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Ching
- GI Health Centre, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Biro
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Halder
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - F Tse
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J K Marshall
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G I Leontiadis
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Pinto-Sanchez MI, Verdu EF. Reply. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:1511. [PMID: 33359729 PMCID: PMC7759344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zhen J, Stefanolo JP, Temprano MDLP, Seiler CL, Caminero A, de-Madaria E, Huguet MM, Santiago V, Niveloni SI, Smecuol EG, Dominguez LU, Trucco E, Lopez V, Olano C, Mansueto P, Carroccio A, Green PH, Duerksen D, Day AS, Tye-Din JA, Bai JC, Ciacci C, Verdú EF, Lebwohl B, Pinto-Sanchez MI. Risk perception and knowledge of COVID-19 in patients with celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1213-1225. [PMID: 33828395 PMCID: PMC8006100 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i12.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that the odds of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with celiac disease (CeD) is similar to that of the general population. However, how patients with CeD perceive their COVID-19 risk may differ from their actual risk.
AIM To investigate risk perceptions of contracting COVID-19 in patients with CeD and determine the factors that may influence their perception.
METHODS We distributed a survey throughout 10 countries between March and June 2020 and collected data on demographics, diet, COVID-19 testing, and risk perceptions of COVID-19 in patients with CeD. Participants were recruited through various celiac associations, clinic visits, and social media. Risk perception was assessed by asking individuals whether they believe patients with CeD are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 when compared to the general population. Logistic regression was used to determine the influencing factors associated with COVID-19 risk perception, such as age, sex, adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), and comorbidities such as cardiac conditions, respiratory conditions, and diabetes. Data was presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs)
RESULTS A total of 10737 participants with CeD completed the survey. From them, 6019 (56.1%) patients with CeD perceived they were at a higher risk or were unsure if they were at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to the non-CeD population. A greater proportion of patients with CeD perceived an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 when compared to infections in general due to their CeD (56.1% vs 26.7%, P < 0.0001). Consequently, 34.8% reported taking extra COVID-19 precautions as a result of their CeD. Members of celiac associations were less likely to perceive an increased risk of COVID-19 when compared to non-members (49.5% vs 57.4%, P < 0.0001). Older age (aOR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.99 to 0.99, P < 0.001), male sex (aOR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.76 to 0.93, P = 0.001), and strict adherence to a GFD (aOR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.82 to 0.96, P = 0.007) were associated with a lower perception of COVID-19 risk and the presence of comorbidities was associated with a higher perception of COVID-19 risk (aOR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.22 to 1.54, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Overall, high levels of risk perceptions, such as those found in patients with CeD, may increase an individual’s pandemic-related stress and contribute to negative mental health consequences. Therefore, it is encouraged that public health officials maintain consistent communication with the public and healthcare providers with the celiac community. Future studies specifically evaluating mental health in CeD could help determine the consequences of increased risk perceptions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Zhen
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton L8S4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Stefanolo
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires 1264, Argentina
| | - María de la Paz Temprano
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires 1264, Argentina
| | - Caroline L Seiler
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton L8S4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton L8S4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Enrique de-Madaria
- Department of Pancreatic Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - Miguel Montoro Huguet
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Jorge. Huesca, Zaragoza 50004, Spain
| | - Vivas Santiago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Univ Hosp Leon, Gastroenterol Unit, Altos de Nava S-N, Leon 24071, Spain
| | - Sonia Isabel Niveloni
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires 1264, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Gustavo Smecuol
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires 1264, Argentina
| | - Luis Uzcanga Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Elena Trucco
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de la Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de la Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Olano
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de la Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Department of Internal Medicine, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Department of Internal Medicine, V. Cervello Hospital, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Peter H Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Univ, Celiac Dis Ctr, Div Digest and Liver Dis, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Donald Duerksen
- Department of Medicine, St Boniface Gen Hosp, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Julio César Bai
- Department of Medicine, Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Buenos Aires 1264, Argentina
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Celiac Center at the University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Salerno 84131, Italy
| | - Elena F Verdú
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- The Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - M Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4K1, ON, Canada
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Russell L, Mangat R, Plant J, Hansen S, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A22 PREVALENCE OF IRON DEFICIENCY AND SUPPLEMENTATION PRACTICES FOR PATIENTS ON HOME PARENTERAL NUTRITION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), likely due to a lack of iron in the PN formula. There is no clear consensus on how often serum iron should be tested or iron supplementation should be given, at which dose or route, in patients on long-term PN. Within the Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) home PN (HPN) program, the prevalence of ID or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is unknown. This knowledge will contribute to better iron prescribing practices with ultimate benefit on patient’s health.
Aims
To assess the prevalence of ID and IDA in patients enrolled in the HHS HPN Program. The secondary aim was to assess supplementation practices for patients enrolled in the HPN program according to gastrointestinal(GI) diagnosis and duration on PN.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study including consecutive adult patients enrolled in the HHS-HPN program from January 2015 to November 2020. We collected data on demographics (age, sex, and GI diagnosis), iron supplementation (dose, duration, and route), and information related to iron-deficiency (hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC, and folate) at pre-set intervals (enrollment, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60 months) and last measured. ID was defined as ferritin ≤45μg/L or serum iron ≤9μmol/L. IDA was defined as hemoglobin <130g/L in men or <120g/L in women in the context of ID. Data were expressed as median (IQR) for continuous variables and n/N(%) for categorical variables. Chi2 was performed to assess differences between groups and logistic regression to assess predictors of ID and IDA. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software(v26).
Results
The analysis included 125 HPN patients (50 males, median age of 55 (40–65) years). Patients received PN for a median of 195 (83–521) days. The most common diagnoses were malignancy (36.8%) and inflammatory bowel disease (23.2%); the most common indications for HPN was short bowel (29.6%) and bowel obstruction (27.2%). Iron profiles were measured in 77% of patients. At enrollment, 42.2% of patients had ID and 38.9% had IDA. Only 13% of patients with ID and 22.8% with IDA had iron supplementation (Figure 1). A total of 38 patients received iron either oral or IV (oral=44.7% vs IV=55.3%; p=0.66). There was no correlation between low levels of serum iron or ferritin with iron supplementation (p=0.23, 0.45 respectively). Age, sex, diagnosis, or reason for PN did not correlate with ID or IDA at any time point.
Conclusions
Iron-deficiency and IDA are common in patients enrolled in the HHS HPN program independently of age, sex, diagnosis and reason for PN. Prospective studies are needed to implement the most effective way to ensure proper monitoring and treatment of iron deficiency in this population.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- L Russell
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Mangat
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Plant
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Hansen
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Healthy Sciences Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Healthy Sciences Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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18
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Zhen J, Stefanolo J, Montoro M, Uscanga L, Day A, Tye-Din J, Ciacci C, Lebwohl B, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A11 RISK PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE OF COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [PMCID: PMC7989214 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease (CeD) has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections, however, we recently demonstrated that the odds of contracting COVID-19 in patients with CeD is similar to that of the general population. Due to this discrepancy, how patients with CeD perceive their risk may differ from their actual risk. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the risk perceptions for contracting COVID-19 in patients with CeD and to determine the factors that may influence their perceptions. Methods We distributed a survey throughout 10 countries between March and June 2020 and collected data on demographics, diet, COVID-19 testing, and risk perceptions of COVID-19 in patients with CeD. Participants were recruited through various celiac associations, clinic visits, and social media. Risk perception was assessed by asking individuals whether they believe patients with CeD are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to the general population. Logistic regression was used to determine the influencing factors associated with COVID-19 risk perception, such as age, sex, adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), and comorbidities such as cardiac/respiratory conditions and diabetes. Data was presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results A total of 10,737 participants with CeD completed the survey. From them, 6,019 (56.1%) patients with CeD perceived they were at a higher risk or were unsure if they were at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to the non-CeD population. A greater proportion of patients with CeD had high levels of COVID-19 risk perceptions when compared to infections in general (56.1% vs 26.7%; p<0.0001). Consequently, 28.8% reported taking extra COVID-19 precautions as a result of their CeD. Members of celiac associations had lower rates of perceiving an increased risk of COVID-19 when compared to non-members (49.5% vs 57.4%, p<0.0001). Older age (aOR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1, p<0.001), male sex (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.94, p=0.001), and strict adherence to a GFD (aOR: 0.89; 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p=0.007) were associated with a lower perception of COVID-19 risk. Meanwhile, the presence of comorbidities was associated with a higher perception of COVID-19 risk (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.51, p<0.001). Conclusions Overall, a large proportion of patients with CeD, particularly females, those with comorbidities, or those not adhering to a strict GFD, believed they were or were unsure if they were at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their condition. As high levels of risk perception may increase an individual’s pandemic-related stress and contribute to negative mental health consequences, healthcare providers should maintain consistent communication with the celiac community and provide them with evidence-based recommendations. Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhen
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Stefanolo
- Hospital de Gastroenterologia Dr Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Federal District, Argentina
| | - M Montoro
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Huesca, Spain
| | - L Uscanga
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Day
- University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Tye-Din
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Ciacci
- Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | - B Lebwohl
- Columbia University, White Plains, NY
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19
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Smecuol E, Constante M, Temprano MP, Costa AF, Moreno ML, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Vázquez H, Stefanolo JP, Gonzalez AF, D'Adamo CR, Niveloni SI, Mauriño E, Verdu EF, Bai JC. Effect of Bifidobacterium infantis NLS super strain in symptomatic coeliac disease patients on long-term gluten-free diet - an exploratory study. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:527-534. [PMID: 33032471 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium infantis NLS super strain (B. infantis NLS-SS) was previously shown to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms in newly diagnosed coeliac disease (CD) patients consuming gluten. A high proportion of patients following a gluten-free diet experiences symptoms despite dietary compliance. The role of B. infantis in persistently symptomatic CD patients has not been explored. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of B. infantis NLS-SS on persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with CD following a long-term GFD. We conducted a randomised, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in symptomatic adult CD patients on a GFD for at least two years. After one-week run-in, patients were randomised to B. infantis NLS-SS or placebo for 3 weeks with cross-over after a 2-week wash-out period. We estimated changes (Δ) in celiac symptom index (CSI) before and after treatment. Stool samples were collected for faecal microbiota analysis (16S rRNA sequencing). Gluten immunogenic peptide (GIP) excretion in stool and urine samples was measured at each study period. Eighteen patients were enrolled; six patients were excluded due violations in protocol. For patients with the highest clinical burden, CD symptoms were lower in probiotic than in placebo treatment (P=0.046). B. infantis and placebo treated groups had different microbiota profiles as assessed by beta diversity clustering. In probiotic treated groups, we observed an increase in abundance of B. infantis. Treatment with B. infantis was associated with decreased abundance of Ruminococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. GIP excretion in stools and urine was similar at each treatment period. There were no differences in adverse effects between the two groups. B. infantis NLS-SS improves specific CD symptoms in a subset of highly symptomatic treated patients (GFD). This is associated with a shift in stool microbiota profile. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03271138.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smecuol
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Constante
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - M P Temprano
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A F Costa
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Moreno
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - H Vázquez
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Stefanolo
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A F Gonzalez
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C R D'Adamo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - S I Niveloni
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Mauriño
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - J C Bai
- Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology Hospital, Av. Caseros 2061, 1264 Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Research Institutes, School of Medicine; Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Ines Pinto-Sanchez M, Lebwohl B. Delivery of care remotely through telemedicine in celiac disease: Thinking beyond COVID-19: Commentary on: "COVID-19 pandemic perception in adults with celiac disease: an impulse to implement the use of telemedicine" by Siniscalchi M et al. Dig Liv Dis 2020;52:1071-5. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:1069-1070. [PMID: 32553700 PMCID: PMC7296305 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive health Institute, McMaster University, Canada,Corresponding author
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21
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Seiler C, Kiflen M, Stefanolo JP, Bai J, Bercik P, Kelly C, Verdu E, Moayyedi P, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A108 PROBIOTICS FOR CELIAC DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by dietary gluten. The only available treatment for celiac disease is strict compliance to the gluten-free diet. Despite adherence to a gluten-free diet, many celiac patients still experience symptoms which may be mediated by the gut microbiota. Different studies have assessed the use of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment for celiac disease.
Aims
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in improving gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in patients with celiac disease.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE (1966 to February 2019), EMBASE (1974 to February 2019), CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, DARE, and Sigle up to February 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of probiotics on celiac disease. We collected data on gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, adverse events, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), intestinal permeability, and microbiota composition.
Results
Out of 2831 records screened, 7 articles from 6 RCTs with a total of 279 participants were eligible for quantitative analysis. Probiotic supplementation for a minimum of 2 weeks improved gastrointestinal symptoms when assessed by the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) (2 studies; 131 participants; mean difference (MD) symptom reduction: -28.7%; 95% CI -43.96 to -13.52; P=0.0002). No differences in gastrointestinal symptoms after probiotics were observed when pooling data from the GSRS, Celiac Symptoms Index (CSI), and the Celiac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ) (4 studies; 197 participants; standardized mean difference (SMD) symptom reduction: -0.48; 95% CI -1.21 to +0.25; P=0.20). TNF-α levels did not change after probiotics (SMD: -0.52; 95% CI -1.08 to +0.04; P=0.07). Levels of Bifidobacteria species increased (MD: increase by 0.85 log CFU/g; 95% CI +0.38 to +1.32 log CFU/g; P=0.0003) but there was no difference in Lactobacilli species (MD: change of 1.13 log CFU/g; 95% CI -0.67 to +2.93 log CFU/g; P=0.22) after probiotic supplementation. No difference in quality of life or adverse events was observed after probiotics. There was insufficient evidence to assess the effects of probiotics on intestinal permeability. The overall quality of the evidence ranged from very low to low.
Conclusions
Probiotics may improve gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with celiac disease; however, our confidence in these results is limited by the low quality of the evidence. Further large clinical trials with a more rigorous design are needed to improve the quality of the evidence.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seiler
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Kiflen
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J P Stefanolo
- Hospital de Gastroenterologia Dr C B Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Bai
- Hospital de Gastroenterologia Dr C B Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Kelly
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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22
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Noejovich CV, Miranda PM, Collins SM, Verdu E, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A22 ADVERSE EARLY LIFE EVENTS ARE COMMON IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL AND ORGANIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stressful events in childhood have been associated with the development of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in adulthood, especially irritable bowel syndrome. The influence of early life adverse events in patients with common organic disorders, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has been poorly investigated.
Aims
To evaluate the frequency of early life adverse events in patients with organic and functional gastrointestinal disorders compared to healthy controls.
Methods
Adult patients with an established diagnosis of IBS (Rome IV criteria), celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) attending a tertiary medical center, as well as healthy volunteers were interviewed by a psychologist. Early life adverse events were assessed during the semi-structured interview using a modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire. Number of early life events and the presence of GI and extraintestinal symptoms based on a 10-point Likert scale were quantified. Data are presented as Median (IQR) and n (%). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate.
Results
Sixty-eight patients (18 IBS, 28 celiac, 22 IBD) and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Patients with IBS, celiac disease and IBD had increased number of early life events compared with healthy controls (6.5 (4.8–8.3), 5.0 (3.0–9.0), 6.0 (4–8.3) vs 2.0 (1.0–4.0) respectively, p<0.0001). Patients reported a higher number of mental disorders in their mothers (IBS p=0.01; celiac disease p=0.01; IBD p=0.001) and increased number of close family member abusing alcohol or drugs during their childhood (IBS p=0.01; celiac p=0.02; IBD p=0.02) compared to healthy controls. History of sexual abuse was higher in patients with IBS (p=0.01), while history of verbal abuse was higher in patients celiac disease and IBD (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively) compared to healthy controls. The number of early life adverse events was strongly correlated with number of GI (r= 0.91; p=0.01) and extra-intestinal (r=0.87; p=0.02) symptoms, but not with symptoms severity. Most patients with IBS (83.3%), celiac disease (89.3%) and IBD (85.7%) reported stressful events before the onset of their disease.
Conclusions
Adverse events in childhood are frequent in patients with chronic GI disorders, both of functional and organic origin. Furthermore, stressful events often precede their diagnosis. These data strongly suggest that better psychosocial assessment in patients with chronic GI disorders is needed to improve their overall management.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Noejovich
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P M Miranda
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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23
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Miranda PM, Rueda GH, Calo N, Seiler C, Punthakee Z, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A193 GLUTEN-FREE DIET IMPROVES DYSPEPSIA-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN A PILOT STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) often suffer with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea and vomiting. T1DM patients are at a higher risk to develop celiac disease, and those patient with both disorders benefit from a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, it is unknown whether GFD has any benefit in patients with T1DM without celiac disease who present with upper GI symptoms.
Aims
To investigate the role of GFD in the management of moderate to severe dyspeptic symptoms in non-celiac patients with T1DM.
Methods
We enrolled adult T1DM patients, in whom celiac disease was ruled out by serology and/or endoscopy, suffering with two or more of upper GI symptoms. The patients were instructed to undergo a strict GFD for a period of 1 month, under supervision of a dietitian. Glycemic levels were monitored by a continuous glucose monitoring device (CGM) for 2 weeks before, and for 2 weeks at the end of the GFD period. Upper GI symptoms, general quality of life, anxiety and depression were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to assess glycaemia (Hb1Ac) and lipid profiles. Scintigraphy and videofluoroscopy were used to assess gastric emptying.
Results
Seven patients finished the study so far. They reported a significant improvement in nausea (p<0.05), sensation of fullness (p<0.01), bloating (p<0.01), feeling of excessive fullness after meals (p<0.01) and having stomach visibly larger after meals (p<0.01). 5 out of the 7 patients reported an improvement in general quality of life, based on PAGI-QOL (Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders – Quality of Life), and decreased anxiety levels (HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score). There was no significant change in mean glucose level, time in target, glucose variance and HbA1c levels after GFD. However, there was a trend for less time spent in hypoglycemia, namely in those patients who experienced frequent hypoglycemia prior to GFD. Overall, there was no change in serum lipid profile or gastric emptying.
Conclusions
One month of GFD improved dyspepsia-like symptoms, general quality of life and anxiety levels in T1D patients without concomitant celiac disease. GFD also improved the blood glucose management of patients with frequent hypoglycemia. Thus, this dietary intervention appears to improve upper GI symptoms in T1D patients but the results need to be replicated in a larger patient cohort.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Miranda
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G H Rueda
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Calo
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Seiler
- Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | - Z Punthakee
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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24
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Jivraj A, Connan V, Balart T, Ching E, Marwaha A, Verdu E, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. A23 NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES ARE FREQUENT IN CELIAC PATIENTS ON A GLUTEN-FREE DIET, REGARDLESS OF THE DURATION AND COMPLIANCE OF THE DIET. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The only available treatment for celiac disease (CD) is adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). CD is associated with several nutritional deficiencies, which could be explained by malabsorption when the disease is active. However, the magnitude of nutritional deficiencies in treated CD and how this is influenced by the duration and compliance of GFD is less clear.
Aims
We aim to evaluate the presence of nutritional deficiencies in celiac patients on short term (≤2yrs) vs long-term (>2yrs) GFD, and in those with persistent symptoms or asymptomatic in the follow up.
Methods
We included consecutive biopsy-proven CD patients attending the McMaster Adult Celiac Clinic. GFD adherence was assessed by validated Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and by anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody IgA(tTG IgA) levels. Serology, vitamins and minerals were measured in blood samples collected at enrolment. Continuous data was expressed as Median (IQR) and categorical data as proportion%. Mann-U-Whitney and Chi2 were used to compare difference between groups.
Results
We enrolled 171 CD patients (80% female; Median age 43 years). 76/171 (44%) of CD patients were following a GFD for over 2 years. Eighty-two percent of the patients (141/171) had persistent symptoms in the follow up and 80.7% had normal tTG IgA levels. The most common nutritional abnormalities were deficiencies in zinc (56%), iron (23%), copper (20%). Chromium was increased in 74% of patients. There were no differences in nutritional deficiencies between group of patients with short and long-term duration of GFD, nor between those strictly compliant with GFD compared to those fairly compliant (p>0.05).
Conclusions
Nutritional deficiencies are frequent in celiac patients on a GFD regardless of the presence of symptoms, dietary compliance or duration. The previous suggest that nutrients deficiencies may be more related to GFD nutritional inadequacy rather than malabsorption.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jivraj
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, and the Celiac Disease Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - V Connan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, and the Celiac Disease Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Balart
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, and the Celiac Disease Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Ching
- GI Health Centre, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - A Marwaha
- GI Health Centre, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, and the Celiac Disease Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, and the Celiac Disease Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, and the Celiac Disease Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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25
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Rueda GH, Wolfe M, Nardelli A, Chauhan U, Moayyedi P, Armstrong D, Verdu E, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A194 PRESENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH FASTER DEVELOPMENT OF DYSPLASIA AND HIGHER RATES OF ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Celiac disease (CD) has an estimated prevalence of 1% worldwide, including North America. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which predisposes to development of dysplasia, which can transition to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). GERD is commonly found in patients with CD and there is evidence that reflux symptoms improve after starting the gluten-free diet. However, the prevalence of CD in patients with BE, and its impact on progression to EAC have not been studied.
Aims
To assess the prevalence of CD in patients with BE and its impact on development of dysplasia and EAC.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients attending the Digestive Diseases Clinic and the specialized Barrett’s Clinic at McMaster University Medical Centre. We collected information related to demographics, esophageal and duodenal biopsies, as well as CD serological markers. CD diagnosis was based on the presence of Marsh III lesions in duodenal biopsies and/or positive tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (TTG). Categorical data was presented as n/N and %, continuous data as mean ±SD. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between BE and CD. For dysplasia development, Kaplan Meyer Breslow survival curve was used.
Results
CD was found in 1.8% of patients attending the Digestive Diseases Clinic (n=4800). Two hundred and sixteen patients with BE from the Digestive Diseases Clinic and the Barret’s Clinic (age 63 ±11.2, 70.3% males; follow-up period 7.0 ±5.5 years) were included in the analysis. Patients with or without CD were similar in demographic factors, concomitant diseases or previous surgeries, use of PPI, presence of symptoms and duration of treatment. The prevalence of CD was increased 5-fold in patients with BE (OR=6.0; 95% CI 2.1–17.4; p=0.006). BE patients with CD developed dysplasia earlier than those without CD (Long Rank 0.004; mean 6.0; 95% CI 3.0–4.97[PB1]). The risk of EAC was higher in BE patients with CD compared to those without CD (2/11 vs 2/205; OR=22.5; 95% CI 2.8–178.8; p= 0.003). The mean time for development of EAC from the time of BE diagnosis [PB2] was 1.5 years in patients with CD and 6.5 years in patients without CD.
Conclusions
The prevalence of CD is higher in patients with BE compared with the population attending a tertiary gastroenterology clinic, and with the general population. Patients with BE and concomitant CD are at increased risk of accelerated development of dysplasia and EAC, suggesting that both conditions may have a synergic detrimental effect.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rueda
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Wolfe
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - U Chauhan
- Digestive Disease, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Mangat R, Hansen S, Plant J, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Armstrong D. A175 HOME PARENTERAL NUTRITION (HPN): INDICATIONS FOR THERAPY AND OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS IN A SINGLE-CENTRE, CANADIAN HPN PROGRAM (1996–2018). J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Mangat
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Hansen
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Plant
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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27
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Noejovich CV, Verdu E, Armstrong D, Moayyedi P, Collins SM, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A149 EARLY LIFE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE ARE COMMON AND ASSOCIATE WITH SEVERITY OF CONSTIPATION IN ADULTHOOD. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C V Noejovich
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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Seiler C, Avila C, Khana R, Springer E, James C, Armstrong D, Marshall J, Collins SM, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A67 RAPID REDUCTION IN ANXIETY SCORES IN IBD PATIENTS AFTER INFLIXIMAB INFUSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN KYNURENINE/TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Seiler
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Avila
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Khana
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Springer
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C James
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Marshall
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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29
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Noejovich CV, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Verdu E, Armstrong D, Collins SM, Bercik P. A297 FREQUENT ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH IBS AND ORGANIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C V Noejovich
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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30
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Sood R, Gracie DJ, Gold MJ, To N, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P, Moayyedi P, Ford AC, Law GR. Editorial: latent class analysis to improve confidence in the diagnosis of IBS - authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1268-1269. [PMID: 28370047 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Sood
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D J Gracie
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M J Gold
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N To
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Gastroenterology Division, Health Sciences Center, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Gastroenterology Division, Health Sciences Center, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Gastroenterology Division, Health Sciences Center, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G R Law
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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31
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Sood R, Gracie DJ, Gold MJ, To N, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P, Moayyedi P, Ford AC, Law GR. Derivation and validation of a diagnostic test for irritable bowel syndrome using latent class analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:824-832. [PMID: 28105700 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy of symptom-based diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is modest. AIMS To derive and validate a new test that utilises latent class analysis. METHODS Symptom, colonoscopy, and histology data were collected from 1981 patients and 360 patients in two cohorts referred to secondary care for investigation of their gastrointestinal symptoms in Canada and the UK, respectively. Latent class analysis was used to identify naturally occurring clusters in patient-reported symptoms in the Canadian dataset, and the latent class model derived from this was then applied to the UK dataset in order to validate it. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated for the latent class models. RESULTS In the Canadian cohort, the model had a sensitivity of 44.7% (95% CI 40.0-50.0) and a specificity of 85.3% (95% CI 83.4-87.0). Positive and negative LRs were 3.03 (95% CI 2.57-3.56) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.59-0.71) respectively. A maximum positive LR of 3.93 was achieved following construction of a receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance in the UK cohort was similar, with a sensitivity and specificity of 52.5% (95% CI 42.2-62.7) and 84.3% (95% CI 79.3-88.6), respectively. Positive and negative LRs were 3.35 (95% CI 2.38-4.70) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.45-0.68), respectively, with a maximum positive LR of 4.15. CONCLUSIONS A diagnostic test for IBS, utilising patient-reported symptoms incorporated into a latent class model, performs as accurately as symptom-based criteria. It has potential for improvement via addition of clinical markers, such as coeliac serology and faecal calprotectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sood
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D J Gracie
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M J Gold
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N To
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Gastroenterology Division, McMaster University, Health Sciences Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Gastroenterology Division, McMaster University, Health Sciences Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Gastroenterology Division, McMaster University, Health Sciences Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G R Law
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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32
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Simpkins SJ, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Moayyedi P, Bercik P, Morgan DG, Bolino C, Ford AC. Poor predictive value of lower gastrointestinal alarm features in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in 1981 patients in secondary care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:91-99. [PMID: 27807884 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians are advised to refer patients with lower gastrointestinal (GI) alarm features for urgent colonoscopy to exclude colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the utility of alarm features is debated. AIM To assess whether performance of alarm features is improved by using a symptom frequency threshold to trigger referral, or by combining them into composite variables, including minimum age thresholds, as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). METHODS We collected data prospectively from 1981 consecutive adults with lower GI symptoms. Assessors were blinded to symptom status. The reference standard to define CRC was histopathological confirmation of adenocarcinoma in biopsy specimens from a malignant-looking colorectal lesion. Controls were patients without CRC. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values were calculated for individual alarm features, as well as combinations of these. RESULTS In identifying 47 (2.4%) patients with CRC, individual alarm features had sensitivities ranging from 11.1% (family history of CRC) to 66.0% (loose stools), and specificities from 30.5% (loose stools) to 75.6% (family history of CRC). Using higher symptom frequency thresholds improved specificity, but to the detriment of sensitivity. NICE referral criteria also had higher specificities and lower sensitivity, with PPVs above 4.8%. More than 80% of those with CRC met at least one of the NICE referral criteria. CONCLUSIONS Using higher symptom frequency thresholds for alarm features improved specificity, but sensitivity was low. NICE referral criteria had PPVs above 4.8%, but sensitivities ranged from 2.2% to 32.6%, meaning many cancers would be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Simpkins
- Academic Unit of Primary Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Gastroenterology Division, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Health Sciences Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Gastroenterology Division, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Health Sciences Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Gastroenterology Division, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Health Sciences Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D G Morgan
- Gastroenterology Department, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Bolino
- Gastroenterology Division, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Health Sciences Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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