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Hanscheid T, Cristino JM, Salgado MJ. Screening of auramine-stained smears of all fecal samples is a rapid and inexpensive way to increase the detection of coccidial infections. Int J Infect Dis 2007; 12:47-50. [PMID: 17600749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coccidia are important causes of diarrhea that is often indistinguishable from other forms of community-acquired diarrhea. However, the detection of oocysts is often only performed when explicitly requested, as part of the ova and parasite (O&P) examination. Reappraisal and understanding of the accurate staining characteristics of auramine O (AuO), which stains nucleic acids, may permit the inexpensive and reliable identification of coccidian oocysts at routine workup of all fecal samples. METHODS AuO-stained smears were prepared from all stool samples received for stool culture in transport medium (SC) and from concentrated stools received for the ova and parasite (O&P) examination. RESULTS A total of 3732 samples for stool cultures and 3132 samples for O&P examinations were included. Ninety-one samples (1.3%) from 52 patients yielded Coccidia (45 Cryptosporidium spp and 7 Isospora belli). In seven cases oocysts were only detected in samples sent for stool culture in transport medium. The oocysts showed a typical staining pattern and were easy to recognize. The observation of one smear took only around 30seconds, and the reagents and glass slide for one smear did not exceed US$ 0.03. CONCLUSIONS The screening of all fecal samples with AuO-stained smears is a rapid and inexpensive way to increase the detection of coccidial infections, which in most laboratories can be incorporated into the microscopic workup for mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hanscheid
- Unidade de Microbiologia Molecular e Infecção, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, P-1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Pires R, Rolo D, Gama-Norton L, Morais A, Lito L, Salgado MJ, Johansson C, Möllerberg G, Henriques-Normark B, Gonçalo-Marques J, Santos-Sanches I. Group A Streptococci from carriage and disease in Portugal: evolution of antimicrobial resistance and T antigenic types during 2000-2002. Microb Drug Resist 2006; 11:360-70. [PMID: 16359196 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial resistance properties and T antigenic types of 511 isolates collected in Lisbon district, Portugal, from throat swabs of healthy subjects (n=341), during 2000-2002 and from diverse infection sites (n=170) of outpatients and inpatients, during 1999-2002. Erythromycin resistance was higher in tonsillitis/pharyngitis (27.4%) and skin infection isolates (21.1%), than in carriage and invasive isolates (<or=10%). Differences in erythromycin resistance among children and adults were noticed only for carriage isolates (9.3% in children and 21.1% in adults). Most erythromycin-resistant isolates from carriage (82.4%) and tonsillitis/pharyngitis (71.9%) showed the M phenotype. All M phenotype isolates (n=53) carried mef(A), whereas all MLS(B) phenotype isolates (n=19) carried erm(B) and not erm(A). Resistance to tetracycline [mediated by tet(M) in most isolates] was <or=6% in tonsillitis/pharyngitis and carriage isolates, 36.8% in skin infection isolates, and 44.1% in invasive isolates. The M phenotype increased since 2000, linked to a decrease of tetracycline resistance, and was predominantly associated with T1 in 2000-2001 and T12 in 2002 among carriage isolates, and with T8/25/Imp19 through 2000-2002 among tonsillitis/pharyngitis isolates. The majority (53%) of the tetracycline-resistant invasive isolates were nontypable. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and chloramphenicol. This study showed that tetracycline and macrolide resistance frequency and phenotypes differ among GAS from various origins and changed over time. Moreover, T typing suggested that most drug-resistant isolates causing oropharyngeal carriage are distinct from the majority of isolates causing noninvasive and invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pires
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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Hanscheid T, Monteiro C, Cristino JM, Lito LM, Salgado MJ. Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in conventional BacT/ALERT FA blood culture bottles allows reliable diagnosis of Mycobacteremia. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:890-1. [PMID: 15695697 PMCID: PMC548049 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.2.890-891.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional BacT/ALERT FA blood cultures supported the ample growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in seeding experiments and appeared to perform as reliably as the BACTEC Myco/F-Lytic vials in the recovery of M. tuberculosis from blood in HIV-infected patients. Overall, blood cultures were positive in 39% of patients with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hanscheid
- Laboratório de Basteriologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Conceição T, Brízio A, Duarte A, Lito LM, Cristino JM, Salgado MJ. First description of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Portugal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:477-8. [PMID: 15616344 PMCID: PMC538892 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.1.477-478.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Figueira-Coelho J, Ramirez M, Salgado MJ, Melo-Cristino J. Streptococcus agalactiae in a large Portuguese teaching hospital: antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, and clonal analysis of macrolide-resistant isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2004; 10:31-6. [PMID: 15140391 DOI: 10.1089/107662904323047772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococci are emerging as a cause of serious infection worldwide. The capsular polysaccharides are not only important virulence factors but also the target of vaccine development efforts. Serotypes III (24.6%), V (23.4%), Ia (17.8%), and II (16.3%) were the most prevalent among 252 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates collected during 1999-2002 in the largest hospital of Lisbon, Portugal. The substantial proportion of bacteremic patients (17 neonates and 21 adults) in this period illustrates the present importance of S. agalactiae as a cause of invasive disease. All isolates were fully susceptible to penicillin (MIC(50) = 0.064 microg/ml; MIC(90) = 0.094 microg/ml, range 0.008-0.094), cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and vancomycin. Resistance was found to tetracycline (75.4%), erythromycin (10.7%), and clindamycin (9.9%). Of the 27 erythromycin-resistant isolates, 70.4% had the cMLS(B), 22.2% the iMLS(B), and 7.4% the M phenotype. All isolates presenting the M phenotype carried the mef(A) gene, whereas the erm(B) gene was found in a large fraction of MLS(B) isolates (n = 17) and only a small proportion (n = 7) the erm(A) gene [erm(TR) variant]. All isolates carried a single macrolide-resistance determinant. Macrolide resistance was not attributable to a single clone as evidenced by distinct serotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles. Careful surveillance of S. agalactiae invasive infections in Portugal is essential, and the treatment or intrapartum prophylaxis of patients who are allergic to penicillin should be guided by contemporary resistance patterns observed in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Figueira-Coelho
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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Conceição T, Faria N, Pimentel M, Soveral G, Duarte A, Lito LM, Melo Cristino J, Salgado MJ. New chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:1437. [PMID: 15047564 PMCID: PMC375280 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.4.1437.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zé-Zé L, Tenreiro R, Duarte A, Salgado MJ, Melo-Cristino J, Lito L, Carmo MM, Felisberto S, Carmo G. Case of aortic endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus casei. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:451-453. [PMID: 15096557 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of Lactobacillus aortic valve endocarditis in a 53-year-old immunocompetent patient with past history of rheumatic fever is reported. Clinical symptoms began after a dental extraction and the patient's diet included several yogurts per day. Blood, bone marrow cultures and the replaced aortic valve were positive for Lactobacillus: The clinical isolate was identified as Lactobacillus casei by 16S rDNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zé-Zé
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Tenreiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Salgado
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Melo-Cristino
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Lito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M M Carmo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Felisberto
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Carmo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 2Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal 3,5Laboratório de Bacteriologia3 and Departamento de Doenças Infecto-Contagiosas5, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal 4Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Correia M, Boavida F, Grosso F, Salgado MJ, Lito LM, Cristino JM, Mendo S, Duarte A. Molecular characterization of a new class 3 integron in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:2838-43. [PMID: 12936982 PMCID: PMC182612 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.9.2838-2843.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae FFUL 22K was isolated in April 1999 from the urine of an intensive care unit patient in Portugal. The strain showed an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile. A typical synergistic effect between cefotaxime or cefepime and clavulanic acid was observed. An Escherichia coli transformant displayed a similar resistance phenotype and harbored a ca. 9.4-kb plasmid (p22K9). Cloning experiments revealed that the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was encoded by bla(GES-1), previously described in class 1 integrons from K. pneumoniae ORI-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa695. Further sequence analysis demonstrated that the bla(GES-1) gene cassette was located on a new class 3 integron. The integron was 2863 bp long and consisted of an intI3 integrase gene, an attI3 recombination site, two promoter regions, and two gene cassettes. The IntI3 integrase was 98.8% identical to that of Serratia marcescens AK9373. The bla(GES-1) gene cassette was inserted at the attI3 site. The second gene cassette was the result of a fusion event between bla(OXA-10)-type and aac(6')-Ib gene cassettes and conferred resistance to kanamycin. This is the second class 3 integron reported and the first time that the bla(GES-1) gene cassette has been found on an integron belonging to this class, highlighting the considerable heterogeneity of their genetic environment and the spread of gene cassettes among different classes of integrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Correia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Salgado MJ, Pérez-López M, Alonso J, García MA, Melgar MJ. Assessment of drinking water contamination at springs along the road to Santiago (NW Spain). J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2003; 38:609-617. [PMID: 12716067 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120016925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of assessing the potability of drinking water, 31 different springs sited along the road to Santiago "The French Way" in Galicia (NW Spain) were studied. Twenty-one parameters, according to Spanish Legislation have been determined by Official Methods. It was observed that the parameters: pH, nitrate, ammonia, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus did not always comply with the levels established by Spanish Legislation. The bacteriological characters were the most restrictive of the sanitary quality of drinking water, only 19% of the springs were drinkable during all the study. According to the Factorial Analysis in Principal Component applied to the obtained results, it was concluded that the parameters: conductivity, hardness, dry residue, nitrate and fecal coliforms can be very indicative for assessing water sanitary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Salgado
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Duarte A, Boavida F, Grosso F, Correia M, Lito LM, Cristino JM, Salgado MJ. Outbreak of GES-1 beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a university hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1481-2. [PMID: 12654700 PMCID: PMC152531 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.4.1481-1482.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Duarte A, Faria N, Conceição T, Correia M, Lito LM, Cristino JM, Salgado MJ, Tenreiro R. Identification of TEM-10 beta-lactamase in a Kluyvera sp. and other Enterobacteriaceae at a Portuguese hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:4041-2. [PMID: 12435722 PMCID: PMC132787 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.12.4041-4042.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dinis-Ribeiro M, Cortez-Pinto H, Marinho R, Valente A, Raimundo M, Salgado MJ, Ramalho F, Alexandrino P, Carneiro-de-Moura M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: evaluation of a treatment protocol at specialized units. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2002; 94:473-81. [PMID: 12486852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a common and severe complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascitis. Its prognosis clearly depends on its precocious clinical recognition and efficacious therapy. AIM To optimize a treatment protocol, after auditing clinical efficacy and describe microorganisms implicated at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study of clinical files of patients with hepatic cirrhosis with positive culture of ascitic fluid (AF) and/or an AF polymorphonuclear (PMN) count of more than 250/mm3, treated at our units between 1st January, 2000 and 31st December, 2001 (n = 38). Patients showed a median age of 49 years (30-76), 63% of which were male. Forty-eight percent were classified as belonging to Child-Pugh B class, and 52% to C. RESULTS First, considering cases with PMN > 250/mm3 (n = 29), antibiotics were given to all patients (cefotaxime and ampiciline). Fifty-two percent had hepatic encephalopathy, 42% had fever, 66% abdominal pain. In 42% a microorganism was isolated. Although 24% of fatal cases (only two related to infection), we noted a 73% clinical and laboratorial response. Five patients (72%) that died, showed renal failure by the time of death. Second, in all cases with positive culture of ascitic fluid (n = 21), 42% of which with PMN > 250/mm3 and 9 monobacterial nonneutrocytic bacterascites' cases, one only agent was found: E. coli in 36%, Streptococci (37%), Staphylococci (14%), and other (14%): Klebsiella oxytoca, n = 1; Salmonella enteritidis, n = 1; Enterococcus faecium, n = 1, Acinectobacter anitratus, n = 1. Only one of the agents, E. faecium (3%) showed in vitro sensitivity exclusively to ampiciline; all other were cefotaxime sensitivite. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol will be modified, to treat patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with cefotaxime, as monotherapy. Albumin infusion will also be added to the protocol, as, we found renal failure to be an important negative prognosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dinis-Ribeiro
- Liver Unit and Hepatology and Gastroenterology Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
The possible introduction of rejection criteria for stool cultures (<or= 3 days hospitalization and <or= 2 specimens) were investigated in a teaching hospital in Portugal. During 12 months, 854 specimens from 537 patients (37% of them adults) were observed. Sixteen percent of inpatients had a positive stool culture (adults 9.7%, pediatric 21.7%). Eighty-five percent had <or= 3 days of hospitalization. Application of the '3-day-rule' would have led to 12 missed cases. Only in three cases would previously proposed exceptions to the rejection criteria have applied. A '5-day-rule' and <or= 2 specimen/patients seem to be more suitable, based on the different hospital conditions present here.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hänscheid
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Hospital Santa Maria, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Hänscheid T, Salgado MJ, Lito LM, Valadas E. Löwenstein-Jensen media no longer necessary: too strong a statement? Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 115:615-7. [PMID: 11293912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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Barroso H, Freitas-Vieira A, Lito LM, Cristino JM, Salgado MJ, Neto HF, Sousa JC, Soveral G, Moura T, Duarte A. Survey of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases at a Portuguese hospital: TEM-10 as the endemic enzyme. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45:611-6. [PMID: 10797082 DOI: 10.1093/jac/45.5.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and thirty-eight isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae showing resistance to ceftazidime were isolated from different wards of the Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon. The genomic DNA of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and two patterns were predominant. In all isolates the presence of a single large plasmid of about 50 kb suggested that propagation of the outbreak prominently involved plasmid spread. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated the presence of a TEM-10 beta-lactamase. This extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was present among K. pneumoniae isolates, was widely disseminated in different wards and remained persistent as a result of an outbreak involving the dissemination of both the multi-resistance plasmids harbouring the bla gene and the isolates themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Barroso
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas.
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Richau JA, Leitão JH, Correia M, Lito L, Salgado MJ, Barreto C, Cescutti P, Sá-Correia I. Molecular typing and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from a Portuguese cystic fibrosis center. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1651-5. [PMID: 10747161 PMCID: PMC86514 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.4.1651-1655.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the first epidemiological survey of Burkholderia cepacia involved in pulmonary infections among the Portuguese population with cystic fibrosis (CF) who attended the major CF treatment Center in Lisbon at Sta. Maria Hospital from 1995 to the end of 1997. The characterization of the genomic relatedness of the isolates was based on the analysis of their ribopatterns (with EcoRI) followed by construction of a ribotype-based phylogenetic tree. This study was complemented with macrorestriction fragment analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. After optimization of the solid growth medium, we found that exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by B. cepacia CF isolates is not as rare a phenomenon as was thought before; indeed, 70% of the isolates examined were EPS producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Richau
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon
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Alonso J, Salgado MJ, García MA, Melgar MJ. Accumulation of mercury in edible macrofungi: influence of some factors. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 38:158-162. [PMID: 10629276 DOI: 10.1007/s002449910020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The levels of mercury in terrestrial ecosystems are generally very low, but the strong accumulation in some species of macrofungi is an exception from this rule. Mercury contents of 41 samples of edible mushrooms fruiting bodies representing eight species (six wild and two cultivated) were determined by an anodic stripping voltammetric technique (ASV) using a gold disc as the working electrode. Wild fungi were collected in unpolluted and polluted areas in the Province of Lugo (NW Spain). Influence of some factors (ecology, species, traffic pollution, and morphological portion) and the importance of mushrooms as a dietary source of mercury have been studied. Wild saprophytic species showed higher levels (ppm DW) than mycorrhizals species, with the exception of Boletus pinicola. There were significant differences according to the species analyzed (p < 0.001), the highest average content of mercury was found in Boletus pinicola (7.37 ppm DW), and the range was 0.35-33.07 ppm DW for hymenophore and 0.18-20.30 ppm DW for the rest of the fruit body. The cultivated species accumulated lower than wild species because the mean life is shorter. The traffic pollution factor did not show significant differences, so mushrooms are not realiable bioindicators of traffic pollution by mercury. Hymenophore was always the morphological portion that contained the highest mercury levels (p < 0.05), and the mean ratio of hymenophore/rest of the fruit body was 2.13. The mercury concentrations were compared to literature data and levels set by legislation, and the contribution of mushrooms to the weekly intake of mercury per person was evaluated. The possible health risk for people is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alonso
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. de Madrid s/n, 27002-Lugo, Spain
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Cristino JM, Fernandes ML, Garcia T, Serrano N, Salgado MJ. [The diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in a Lisbon hospital over a 4-year period]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1999; 12:169-76. [PMID: 10481318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Over a 4-year period, 2020 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Santa Maria Hospital were studied, 26.3% of which were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). The main specimens from which the strains were isolated included pus, blood and sputum/bronchial secretions. Isolation in blood cultures was the most common source among patients from medical units. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies showed that while in methicillin susceptible strains sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents (apart from penicillin resistance) was the rule, in MRSA strains there was resistance to most antibiotics. Only vancomycin was active against all strains. Phage typing showed that 75.5% of the strains were typable with phages at 100 x R.T.D. Among methicillin sensitive strains, a big diversity of phage patterns was observed, including phage groups I, II, III and V, as well as with phage association D11/95. The large majority of MRSA strains were lysed by group III phages, although several distinct patterns were observed. Within these strains, lysis by groups II and V phages was not observed. Plasmid profiling was the least discriminant issue in the characterization of these micro-organisms because most of the strains harboured only one plasmid (or none). These results showed that a dominant MRSA strain did not exist in this hospital, but rather several distinct strains. The importance, as well as the difficulties in controlling the spread of MRSA strains in the present conditions of high prevalence, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cristino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa
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Salgado MJ, Damani NN, Llewellyn CG, Maloney WJ, Vandorpe RA, Sangalang VE. Magnetic resonance imaging of abscesses of the brain stem and cerebellum complicating Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis. Can Assoc Radiol J 1996; 47:431-3. [PMID: 8943914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Salgado
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
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Cristino JM, Calado E, Calheiros IM, Costa D, Costa MN, Diogo J, Felicio ML, Ferro ML, Da Fonseca JC, Guimarães MA, Lito L, Marques J, Marques MT, Martins F, Pais MA, Pinto M, Ramos MH, Ribeiro G, Rodrigues LA, Salgado MJ, Simões J, Sobral MD, Toscano C. [Multicenter study of isolated micro-organisms resistant to antimicrobials in 10 Portuguese hospitals in 1994]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1996; 9:141-50. [PMID: 9005687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1994, Microbiology Laboratories of ten Portuguese hospitals analysed isolated microorganisms found in blood and urine samples and studied antimicrobial susceptibilities of the most frequent bacterial pathogens. From 63780 blood samples, the most frequent were Staphylococcus spp. and from 69189 urine samples significant numbers of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. were isolated. Escherichia coli strains (c.7000) revealed a low percentage of resistance to antibiotics with the exceptions of ampicillin (48%) and co-trimoxazol (25%). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (c.2000) revealed important resistance to ampicillin (98%), cephalotin (31%), co-trimoxazol (38%) and gentamicin (28%), while values for 3rd generation cephalosporins varied among hospitals, with several strains showing phenotype of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. A great variation in resistance values of P. aeruginosa (c.4000) was found in relation to the antibiotics as well as to the hospitals. Resistance to methicillin in S. aureus (c.6000) was high, reaching an average of 47%, and it was even higher with S. epidermidis (c.3000) and S. haemolyticus (c.650). Only vancomycin was always active against these strains. In E. faecalis (c.2500) resistance was of 2% to ampicillin, 35% to gentamicin, 45% to streptomycin and 1% to vancomycin. E. faecium isolates (c.300) showed the most worrying results with 70% resistance to ampicillin, 42% to gentamicin, 59% to streptomycin and 9% (30 strains isolated in 5 hospitals) to vancomycin. Vancomycin resistant strains were also resistant to all other antibiotics.
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Couto I, Melo-Cristino J, Fernandes ML, Garcia T, Serrano N, Salgado MJ, Torres-Pereira A, Sanches IS, de Lencastre H. Unusually large number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in a Portuguese hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2032-5. [PMID: 7559943 PMCID: PMC228330 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.8.2032-2035.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been endemic in Hospital de Santa Maria, a 1,300-bed teaching hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, since the mid-1980s with a prevalence of 30% in 1993. A total of 54 MRSA and 93 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates recovered during the first 3 months of 1993 were analyzed for the particular mecA polymorphs and Tn554 attachment sites (in the case of MRSA) and for pulsed-field gel electrophoretic patterns. While all MRSA isolates shared a very similar multidrug resistance antibiogram, molecular methods allowed the identification of an unusually large number of genetic backgrounds (24 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns in 54 isolates) and three different mecA polymorphs among the MRSA strains. Similar large variation in the genetic backgrounds of MSSA was observed. The most frequent mecA polymorph (mecA type I) was found in association with three different Tn554 patterns. Among the MRSA strains of Hospital Santa Maria, we found two clonal types previously described in Portugal: one corresponding to the dominant clone in an MRSA outbreak at the pediatric ward of the Lisbon Hospital Dona Estefânia and another one identical to the Iberian epidemic clone identified in several Portuguese hospitals and in MRSA outbreaks in Barcelona and Madrid. This suggests that MRSA clones of Hospital de Santa Maria may have been a reservoir for staphylococcal strains over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Couto
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Fixa B, Komárková O, Krejsek K, Bures J, Nozicka Z, Giorcelli W, Rodi M, Camisasca G, Martinotti RG, Mendall MA, Goggin PM, Molineaux N, Levy J, Toosy T, Strachan D, Northfield TC, Vorobjova T, Vassiljev V, Kisand K, Wadström T, Uibo R, Zotz RB, Xu SG, Recklinghausen GV, Meusers P, Goebell H, Rhee KH, Youn HS, Paik SK, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Park CK, Li Y, Hu P, Du G, Wong Z, Hazell SL, Mitchell HM, Korwin JDD, Remot P, Hartemann P, Catelle A, Conroy MC, Schmitt J, Stolte M, Wellens E, Bethke B, Ritter M, Eidt H, Zanten SVV, Best L, Bezanson G, Marrie T, Poniewierka E, Gosciniak G, Matysiak-Budnik T, Quatrini M, Boni F, Baldassarri AR, Vecchi AD, Castelnovo C, Viganò E, Tenconi L, Bianchi PA, Carlucci A, Ferrini G, Bianco I, Larcinese G, Sciascio AD, Fly GF, Hauge T, Persson J, Coelho LGV, Teixeira MM, Passos MCF, Givisiez CB, Santos CMFR, Rodrigues CJS, Chausson Y, Castro LP, Hyvärinen H, Seppälä K, Kivilaakso E, Kosunen T, Gormse M, Pilotto A, Vianello F, Tornaboni D, Dotto P, Battaglia G, Binda F, Mario FD, Donisi PM, Pasini M, Benve-nuti ME, Stracca-Pansa V, Pasquino M, Jablonowski H, Szelényi H, Hengels KJ, Strohmeyer G, Banatvala N, Mayo K, Megraud F, Jennings R, Deeks JJ, Feldman RA, Bulighin G, Ederie A, Pilati S, Franzin G, Zamboni G, Maran M, Musola R, Tobin A, Hackman RC, McDonald GB, Fatela N, Cristino JM, Monteiro L, Ramalho F, Saragoça A, Salgado MJ, Moura MCD, Pretolani S, Gasbarrini G, Bonvicini F, Baraldini M, Tonelli E, Gatto MRA, Ghironzi GC, égraud FM, Bouchard S, Lubcvzumiska-Kowalska W, Knapik Z, Meenan J, Goggins M, Shahi C, Keeling PWN, Keane C, Weir DG, Vaira D, Miglioli M, Mulè P, Holten J, Menegati M, Biasco G, Vergura M, Nannetti A, Barbara L, Boschini A, Begnini M, Menegatti M, Ghira C, D’Errico A, Evans DG, Asnicar MA, Evans DJ, Graham DY, Lee CH, Coschieri M, Fosse T, Paul MCS, Michiels JR, Delmont JP, Péroux JL, Pradier C, Rampai P, Pazzi P, Merighi A, Gamberini S, Scarliarini R, Bicochi R, Libanore M, Bisi G, Gulllini S. Epidemiology. Ir J Med Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schneider F, Lutun P, Runge I, Launoy A, Hasselmann M, Tempé JD, Sipria A, Talvik R, Mancebo J, Domingo P, Coll P, Net A, Ibarz M, Sancho J, Sitges-Serra A, Woittiez AJJ, Kaan J, Goldhoorn P, Almirall J, Mesalles E, Klanturg J, Armengol S, Agudo A, González CA, Tomasa A, Santré C, Leroy O, Beuscart C, Guéry B, Georges H, Beaucaire G, Salord F, Grando J, Verges M, Desgaches C, Chacornac R, Maravi E, García-Jalón J, Sánchez-Nicolay I, Saenz JJ, Maynar J, Fonseca F, Jiménez I, Eami V, Mencherini S, Barzaghi N, Marone P, Gallini GS, Olivei M, Eraschi A, Nouira S, Elatrous S, Abroug F, Jaafoura M, Bouchoucha S, Thabet H, Rauss A, Brun-Buisson C, Sproat L, Inglis TJJ, Elkharrat D, Mauboussin P, Bodossian P, Porché M, Pénicaud M, Le Corre A, Caulin C, Leleu G, Le Junter J, Villiers S, Garrouste MT, Rabbat A, Schremmer B, Le Gall JR, Morinet F, Schlemmer B, Ribeiro C, Moreira J, Costa D, Costa M, Pina E, Salgado MJ, Gasanovic-Popovic D, Ratkovic R, Bura-Nikolic G, Stosic M, Kaludjerovic M, Grujicic D, Santré C, Simon M, Konrad F, Wagner R, Kilian J, Georgieff M, Zhongmin H, Huping Z, Sarmiento X, Tonig R, Hosallos E, Torres A, Soler H, Mills J, Tomasal A, León MA, Ayuso A, Díaz R, Robusté J, Soria G, Torres C, Nolla M, Jimenez MJ, Lizasoein M, Suarez T, Sanchez-Izquierdo JA, Martinez A, Arribas P, Bermejo S, Alted E, Santré C, Fourrier F, Gregorakos L, Katsanos C, Malessios V, Nicolopoulos J, Tsokou J, Nicolaou C, Kountouri M, Velasco P, Moreno JA, Torrabadella P, Castellà E, Gómez MC, Condom JM, Esquirol X, Domingo C, Pérez-Piteira J, Tomás R, Reingardiené D, Ambrazevićiené N. Infections I. Intensive Care Med 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03216354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The investigation of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a hospital day-care centre is reported. Twenty-eight (27%) children and one member of the staff were infected. Most of the cases were symptomatic and the major presenting symptom was watery diarrhoea. Shedding of oocysts continued for a mean of 12 days after diarrhoea had subsided and most of the cases were still excreting oocysts when the first follow-up sample was examined. Intermittent shedding or a carrier state were not seen in any of the cases. Giardia intestinalis cysts were detected in 19 children, 7 of whom showing mixed infection with Cryptosporidium sp., but this association was not statistically significant. All cases recovered without specific therapy. No definite proof could be found to demonstrate the source of the outbreak or the route of transmission but some observations suggesting person-to-person transmission are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Melo Cristino
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
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