Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse der Bromo-Iodo-Osmate(IV), [OsBrnI6-n]2-, n = 0-6 / Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Bromo-Iodo-Osmates(IV), [OsBrnI6-n]2-, n = 0-6

The IR and Raman spectra of the ten bromo-iodo-osmates(IV) [OsBrnI6-n]2-, n = 0-6, including the geometrical isomers for n = 2, 3, 4, have been recorded at low temperature. The vibrational spectra are completely assigned according to point groups Oh, D4h, C4v, C3v, and C2v, as supported by normal coordinate analyses based on a general valence force field. Due to the different trans-influences Br<I in asymmetric axes Br′–Os–I′, the Os–I′ bonds are strengthened and the Os–Br′ bonds are weakened, as indicated by valence force constants, for Os–I′ on average 4% higher and for Os–Br′ 4% lower, as compared with the values calculated for symmetric I–Os–I and Br–Os–Br axes, respectively.

Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse der 35Cl/37Cl-isotopierten Chloro-Iodo-Osmate(IV), [OsClnI6-n]2-, n = 0-6 / Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of the 35Cl/37Cl Labelled Chloro-Iodo-Osmates(IV), [OsClnI6-n]2-, n = 0-6

All components of the two series [Os35ClnI6-n]2- and [Os37ClnI6-n]2-, n = 0-6, including the pairs of geometric isomers for n = 2, 3, 4, have been prepared and isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. The highly resolved low temperature (80 K) IR and Raman spectra of the pure isotopomers show distinct isotopic shifts for different vibrational modes up to 10 cm-1. Normal coordinate analyses have been performed, based on a general valence force field. Due to the stronger trans influence of I as compared to Cl in all asymmetric Cl˙—Os—I′ axes the Os—I′ bonds are strengthened and the Os—Cl˙ bonds are weakened, as indicated by valence force constants for Os—I′ approximately 9% higher, for Os—Cl˙ 7% lower, as compared with the values calculated for symmetric axes.

Linkage analyses of chromosomal region 18p11-q12 in dyslexia

Dyslexia is characterized as a significant impairment in reading and spelling ability that cannot be explained by low intelligence, low school attendance or deficits in sensory acuity. It is known to be a hereditary disorder that affects about 5% of school aged children, making it the most common of childhood learning disorders. Several susceptibility loci have been reported on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 15, and 18. The locus on chromosome 18 has been described as having the strongest influence on single word reading, phoneme awareness, and orthographic coding in the largest genome wide linkage study published to date (Fisher et al., 2002). Here we present data from 82 German families in order to investigate linkage of various dyslexia-related traits to the previously described region on chromosome 18p11-q12. Using two- and multipoint analyses, we did not find support for linkage of spelling, single word reading, phoneme awareness, orthographic coding and rapid naming to any of the 14 genotyped STR markers. Possible explanations for our non-replication include differences in study design, limited power of our study and overestimation of the effect of the chromosome 18 locus in the original study.

Tris lipidation: a chemically flexible technology for modifying the delivery of drugs and genes

1. One of the major challenges in the development of pharmaceuticals is their formulation with other materials to give them the desired bioavailability profile when administered into the body. 2. We have developed a flexible platform technology (Tris lipidation) to simply and effectively alter the lipophilicity of drugs. As implied by the name, the technology uses the common buffer Tris as a linker between the drugs of interest and a domain of variable hydrophobicity. 3. We demonstrate, using a mouse melanoma model, that Tris-lipidated conjugates of the widely used cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate (MTX) display enhanced potency in the local treatment of tumours and reduced systemic toxicity when compared with the unconjugated drug. 4. With genes now being predicted to be the pharmaceuticals of the future, we show that Tris-lipidated cationic peptides can efficiently deliver DNA into (transfect) cells in culture. Furthermore, by comparing the abilities of variants of these Tris-based cationic lipids to transfect cultured cells, we demonstrate that modifications made to variable regions of Tris-lipidated compounds can dramatically alter their delivery profiles.

Financial management for entrepreneurs

Thousands of nurses are leaving corporate life and the bedside for the world of entrepreneurship. It is a healthy sign for the profession. Being in business is one of the best ways to learn about ultimate risk-taking, an experience woefully lacking in the world of hospital- or corporate-based nursing. There seems to be no way to soften the ultimate risk of embarking on a business, although each person can certainly learn what worked for others and what to avoid. In this article, I outline some of the key things that worked and did not work for me during my 20-year stint as a nurse entrepreneur.

Remembering the nurse in the business advanced practice

The question about whether advanced practice nurses maintain a nursing perspective in their practice has been asked. This article explores traditional practice differences between medicine and nursing and proposes a Cure-Care continuum as a framework to look at role delineation. The ANA Social Policy Statements and statements from national organizations representing advanced practice nurses are examined in looking further at advanced nursing practice. The statements reviewed and research to date focusing on outcomes of care by advanced practice nurses leads to the conclusion that the care is high quality and is delivered from a strong nursing perspective. Focus on this growing area of nursing should be on providing quality, comprehensive, cost-effective care in meeting health care needs in the future.

The impact of organizational redesign on nurse executive leadership

How have nursing leadership roles been affected by organizational redesign? The authors discuss the results of a survey of more than 5000 nurse executives and managers. They highlight reasons and core features of redesign processes, changing roles, expanded responsibilities, learning needs, and impact on quality.

Improving patient outcomes through system change: a focus on the changing roles of healthcare organization executives

In this article, the authors report on a project that studied the impact of work redesign on the roles of hospital executives. Thirty-six in-depth interviews were conducted with executives from 13 VHA healthcare organizations that were considered excellent practice models in the area of work redesign. This report represents a broad, multidisciplinary perspective reflecting the ideas of various members of the healthcare management team. VHA hired Marie Manthey and Creative Nursing Management, Inc., to conduct the interviews in an objective manner and to assist with results interpretation.