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Pereira S, Pita-Pereira D, Araujo-Pereira T, Britto C, Costa-Rego T, Ferrolho J, Vilhena M, Rangel EF, Vilela ML, Afonso MO. First molecular detection of Leishmania infantum in Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Alentejo, southern Portugal. Acta Trop 2017. [PMID: 28647427 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites, such as Leishmania spp., are the causative agents of many insect-borne infectious diseases with medical and veterinary importance. Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp., is transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. In the Alentejo region of Portugal, located at the north of Algarve, cases of human and canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum have been notified. However, no recent studies regarding the sand fly fauna in the region are available. We therefore aimed to explore the phlebotomine sand fly species found in both, Évora and Beja Districts, to gain an insight about the leishmaniasis epidemiology in these areas. After the identification of the insect species, PCR molecular tests were used to assess L. infantum infection rate in the sand fly captured females, together with the analysis of blood meal sources of the insect vectors. One Sergentomyia minuta female was positive for L. infantum infection and another for human blood as a meal source. The occurrence of this phlebotomine species infected with L. infantum may suggest that, in the Mediterranean basin, leishmaniasis epidemiology is changing. Also, if the importance of S. minuta for the zoonotic and anthroponotic cycle of leishmaniasis is later proven, the strategies to control its vector will inevitably to be rethought.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pereira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação em Parasitologia Médica (UEI PM), Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade de Nova Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - D Pita-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T Araujo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T Costa-Rego
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Ferrolho
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação em Parasitologia Médica (UEI PM), Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade de Nova Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Vilhena
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Évora, Portugal
| | - E F Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M L Vilela
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M O Afonso
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação em Parasitologia Médica (UEI PM), Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade de Nova Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
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Depaquit J, Hadj-Henni L, Bounamous A, Strutz S, Boussaa S, Morillas-Marquez F, Pesson B, Gállego M, Delécolle JC, Afonso MO, Alves-Pires C, Capela RA, Couloux A, Léger N. Mitochondrial DNA Intraspecific Variability in Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Med Entomol 2015; 52:819-828. [PMID: 26336215 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing interest in analysis of the geographical variation between populations of different Phlebotomus spp. and American sand flies by comparing the sequences of various genes. However, little is known about the genetic structure of the genus Sergentomyia França & Parrot. No study has been carried out on Sergentomyia minuta Rondani. Most authors recognize this as a species with a high degree of morphological polymorphism, and some suspect that there are two subspecies: Se. minuta minuta Rondani in Europe, having about 40 horizontal cibarial teeth (sticks aligned along a straight line in the cibarial cavity), and Se. minuta parroti Adler & Theodor in North Africa, having about 70 cibarial teeth. Here we analyzed phylogeographic patterns using cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome C oxidase I mtDNA for 29 populations from 10 countries: Algeria, Cyprus, France (continental and Corsica), Greece (continental and Crete), Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal (continental and Atlantic Savage Islands), Spain, and Tunisia. We analyzed intra- and interpopulation patterns of genetic diversity. Our results from Bayesian inference showed a complex genetic structure of Se. minuta with four haplogroups including many different haplotypes. One haplogroup includes all the specimens from North Africa. A second haplogroup includes a few specimens from the south of France, Spain, and one from Portugal. The third includes many specimens from southern France, all the specimens from Corsica, one from Spain, and all specimen from Portugal except one. A fourth branch includes specimens from the Balkans, Malta, Crete, Cyprus, and curiously some from the Atlantic Savage Islands; settlement of the latter population remains unexplained. However, our results suggest that the settlement of the Mediterranean basin could have occurred at the same time for Se. minuta and both Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead and Phlebotomus ariasi Tonnoir. The spatial distribution of haplotypes was congruent with phylogenetic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC «transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France.
| | - L Hadj-Henni
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC «transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France
| | - A Bounamous
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC «transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France. Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelles et Matériaux, Institut des Sciences et de la Technologie, Centre Universitaire de Mila BP26 RP, 43000 Mila, Algeria
| | - S Strutz
- University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - S Boussaa
- Institut Supérieur de Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé (ISPITS), 40 000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - F Morillas-Marquez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - B Pesson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC «transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France. IPPTS, Université de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - M Gállego
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Delécolle
- IPPTS, Université de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - M O Afonso
- Unidade de Entomologia Médica, Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Alves-Pires
- Unidade de Entomologia Médica, Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R A Capela
- Universidade da Madeira, Largo do Colégio, 9000 Funchal, Portugal
| | - A Couloux
- Centre National de séquençage, Génoscope, 91000 Evry, France
| | - N Léger
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC «transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France
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Maia C, Afonso MO, Neto L, Dionísio L, Campino L. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum in naturally infected Phlebotomus perniciosus from Algarve region, Portugal. J Vector Borne Dis 2009; 46:268-272. [PMID: 19959852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES In Portugal, Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi, (Subgenus Larroussius; Diptera: Psychodidae) are the proven vectors of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. The Algarve Region in southern Portugal has been considered an endemic focus of leishmaniasis since 1980s. The main objective of the present study was to validate a molecular approach to detect Leishmania infection in phlebotomines based on DNA extraction from the female sandfly whole body, minus genitalia, followed by PCR for application on epidemiological surveys. METHODS In Algarve Region, from early May until early November 2006, sandflies were captured by CDC miniature light-traps. kDNA-PCR and ITS1-PCR were used to screen the presence of Leishmania DNA in female sandflies after species identification by entomological keys. RESULTS A total of 474 sandflies were collected in 108 biotopes. One female of P. perniciosus, the predominant species, was found infected with L. infantum reflecting an overall infection rate of 0.47%. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION PCR associated with morphological characterization of the sandflies will be a powerful epidemiological tool for the determination of the number of phlebotomines infected with Leishmania spp in nature. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of dogs and P. perniciosus infected with L. infantum shows that Algarve continues to be an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis. Furthermore, as P. sergenti and P. papatasi which transmit L. tropica and L. major, respectively were present, the future introduction of these two Leishmania species in southern region of Portugal should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maia
- Unidade de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
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Dyer NA, Furtado A, Cano J, Ferreira F, Odete Afonso M, Ndong-Mabale N, Ndong-Asumu P, Centeno-Lima S, Benito A, Weetman D, Donnelly MJ, Pinto J. Evidence for a discrete evolutionary lineage within Equatorial Guinea suggests that the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis exists as a species complex. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:3268-82. [PMID: 19619197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tsetse flies of the palpalis group are major vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Africa. Accurate knowledge of species identity is essential for vector control. Here, we combine ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (COI) and microsatellites to determine the population structure and phylogenetic relations of Glossina p. palpalis in Equatorial Guinea. CO1 sequence data suggest that G. p. palpalis in Equatorial Guinea is a distinct subspecies from previously described G. p. palpalis in West Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo. Glossina p. palpalis in Equatorial Guinea and DRC share a common ancestor which diverged from West African G. p. palpalis around 1.9 Ma. Previous ITS1 length polymorphism data suggested the possible presence of hybrids in Equatorial Guinea. However, ITS1 showed incomplete lineage sorting compared with clearly defined COI groups, and data from 12 unlinked microsatellites provided no evidence of hybridization. Microsatellite data indicated moderate but significant differentiation between the populations analysed (Rio Campo, Mbini and Kogo). Moreover, unlike previous studies of G. p. palpalis, there was no evidence for heterozygote deficiency, presence of migrants or cryptic population structure. Variance effective population size at Rio Campo was estimated at 501-731 assuming eight generations per year. This study of the population genetics of G. p. palpalis in central Africa provides the first estimate of genetic differentiation between geographically separated G. p. palpalis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Dyer
- Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK.
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Campino L, Pratlong F, Abranches P, Rioux JA, Santos-Gomes G, Alves-Pires C, Cortes S, Ramada J, Cristovão JM, Afonso MO, Dedet JP. Leishmaniasis in Portugal: enzyme polymorphism of Leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 11:1708-14. [PMID: 17054751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study reports isoenzyme polymorphism of Leishmania strains isolated in different regions of Portugal between 1982 and 2005. A total of 213 strains were obtained from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolated from immunocompetent patients (adults and children) and immunocompromised adults, as well as from dogs and sandflies. Four zymodemes were identified: MON-1, MON-24, MON-29 and MON-80. Zymodeme MON-1 was identified in 96.7% of the strains, predominating in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients, and it was the only zymodeme isolated from dogs. Isoenzyme diversity in HIV-infected patients was higher than in the immunocompetent group, in which all the strains from visceral leishmaniasis were MON-1. The domestic dog was confirmed as the reservoir host of zoonotic leishmaniasis in Portugal and Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi as vectors. The overall low enzyme polymorphism observed in the Portuguese foci contrasts with the neighbouring foci in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campino
- Unidade de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Afonso MO, Campino L, Cortes S, Alves-Pires C. The phlebotomine sandflies of Portugal. XIII--Occurrence of Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, 1917 in the Arrabida leishmaniasis focus. Parasite 2005; 12:69-72. [PMID: 15828585 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2005121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a survey carried out during the summer in 2002 and 2003, in the canine and vulpine leishmaniasis focus of Arrabida, 665 phlebotomine sandflies were caught. 13.83% were P. ariasi, 58.65% P. pemiciosus, 0.45% P. sergenti and 27.07% S. minuta. Despite the low abundance, the finding of the three adults P. sergenti (two males in Aldeia Grande and one female in Quinta da Ramada) confirm the colonization of the Arrabida leishmaniasis focus by this species, which presence had been previously reported but thought accidental. The abundance of P. ariasi observed at this time is significantly different from that in previous years (Pires, 1984 and Fernandes pers. com., 1994). The occurrence of P. sergenti in this region, in association with the decrease in abundance of P. ariasi, may reflect an increased aridness of this region, a consequence of current climate and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Afonso
- Unidade de Entomologia Médica/Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, R. da Junqueira 96, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
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Cardoso L, Rodrigues M, Santos H, Schoone GJ, Carreta P, Varejão E, van Benthem B, Afonso MO, Alves-Pires C, Semião-Santos SJ, Rodrigues J, Schallig HDFH. Sero-epidemiological study of canine Leishmania spp. infection in the municipality of Alijó (Alto Douro, Portugal). Vet Parasitol 2004; 121:21-32. [PMID: 15110400 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Revised: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean basin. We report an epidemiological survey carried out in dogs from the municipality of Alijó in the endemic region of Alto Douro (north Portugal). Performance of the direct agglutination test (DAT) was assessed in 205 matching samples of blood collected on filter paper and serum. A high degree of agreement (97.6%; k = 0.83) was found between the results obtained from both types of samples. DAT was then used to test more blood on filter paper (B-FP) samples from other dogs of the same municipality. The detected sero-prevalence was 18.7% (288/1540), with values ranging from 0.0 to 81.1% in each of the 19 parishes of Alijó. Three distinct geographical zones of mean sero-prevalence could be defined: northwestern (2.5%), intermediate (11.4%) and southern (49.9%). No statistically significant difference was observed between male (19.1%) and female (17.8%) sero-prevalences (P = 0.560). Dogs of 9-11 years of age showed the highest sero-prevalence (28.4%), but all the other age-intervals (0-2, 3-5, 6-8 and 12-17 years) presented values (15.0-22.3%) not significantly different from the mean of the whole study population. Risk factors for canine Leishmania infection were age and geographical zone. Only 5.9% of the sero-positive animals had clinical signs of canine leishmaniosis and the overall prevalence of disease was 1.1%. This study validates the use of B-FP samples and confirms DAT as a simple and sensitive serological test to evaluate the level of canine Leishmania infection in areas of high sero-prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Cardoso
- Department of Hygiene and Animal Health, CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Alves-Pires C, Campino L, Afonso MO, Santos-Gomes G, Dedet JP, Pratlong F. [The phlebotomines of Portugal. X--Natural infestation of Phlebotomus perniciosus by Leishmania infantum MON-1 in Algarve]. Parasite 2001; 8:374-5. [PMID: 11802277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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