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Fanni D, Sanna A, Gerosa C, Puddu M, Faa G, Fanos V. Each niche has an actor: multiple stem cell niches in the preterm kidney. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:78. [PMID: 26472160 PMCID: PMC4608192 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The preterm kidney cannot be simply considered as a kidney small in size: as compared to the adult kidney, the developing organ of the preterm infant is characterized by marked differences regarding the architecture and cell components. At macroscopy, fine linear demarcations indenting the renal surface characterize the fetal and preterm kidney. At microscopy, multiple major architectural changes differentiate the developing kidney from the adult one: a large capsule with a high cellularity; the branching ureteric bud, extending from the hilum towards the renal capsule; striking morphological differences among superficial (just born) and deep (more mature) glomeruli; persistence of remnants of the metanephric mesenchyme in the hylum; incomplete differentiation of developing proximal and distal tubules. At cellular level, kidneys of preterm infants are characterized by huge amounts of stem/precursor cells showing different degrees of differentiation, admixed with mature cell types. The most striking difference between the preterm and adult kidney is represented by the abundance of stem/progenitor cells in the former. Multiple stem cell niches may be identified in the preterm kidney, including the capsule, the sub-capsular nephrogenic zone, the cap mesenchyme embracing the ureteric bud tips, the cortical and medullary interstitium, and the hilar zone in proximity of the ureteric origin. The sub-capsular area represents the major stem cell niche in the prenatal kidney. It has been defined “blue strip”, due to the scarcity of cytoplasm of the undifferentiated stem/progenitors, which appear as small cells arranged in a solid pattern. All these data taken together, the morphological approach to the analysis of the preterm kidney appears completely different from that typically utilized in kidney biopsies from adult subjects. Such a different structure should be taken into account when evaluating renal function in a preterm infant in clinical practice. Moreover, a better knowledge of molecular biology of the blue strip stem/progenitor cells could be at the basis of a new “endogenous” regenerative medicine, finalized to maintain and protect the nephrogenic potential of preterm infants till the 36th week of post-conceptional age, allowing them to escape oligonephronia and chronic kidney disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fanni
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - A Sanna
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - C Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - M Puddu
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Policlinico Monserrato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - G Faa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - V Fanos
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Policlinico Monserrato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
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Bassareo PP, Fanos V, Puddu M, Flore G, Mercuro G. Advanced intrauterine growth restriction is associated with reduced excretion of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90:173-6. [PMID: 24503253 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are associated with future development of adverse cardiovascular events. The ADMA/symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) ratio is a marker of ADMA catabolism, with a high ADMA/SDMA ratio being suggestive of reduced ADMA excretion. AIMS This study aimed a) to verify the presence of a statistically significant difference between ADMA/SDMA ratio levels in a group of young adult subjects who were born preterm with an extremely low birth weight (ex-ELBW) and a group of healthy adults born at term and b) to seek correlations between ADMA/SDMA ratio levels in ex-ELBW and anthropometric and clinical parameters (gender, chronological age, gestational age, birth weight, and length of stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). SUBJECTS, STUDY DESIGN, OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-seven ex-ELBW subjects (11 males [M] and 26 females [F], aged 17-28 years, mean age: 22.2 ± 1.8 years) were compared with 37 controls (11 M and 26 F). ADMA/SDMA ratio levels were assessed for each patient included in the study. RESULTS ADMA/SDMA ratio in ex-ELBW subjects was higher compared to controls (1.42 ± 0.31 vs 0.95 ± 0.14, p<0.002) and inversely correlated with birth weight (r=-0.68, p<0.0001) and gestational age (r=-0.54, p<0.0005). CONCLUSIONS ADMA catabolism is significantly decreased in ex-ELBW subjects compared to controls, underlining a probable correlation with restriction of intrauterine growth. These results suggest the onset of early circulatory dysfunction predictive of increased cardiovascular risk in ex-ELBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Bassareo
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - V Fanos
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Puericulture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Puddu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Puericulture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Flore
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Bassareo P, Fanos V, Noto A, Solla P, Barberini L, Flore G, Puddu M, Mercuro G. Clinical metabolomics and hematic ADMA predict the future onset of cardiorenal syndrome in young grown-up subjects who were born preterm. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:423-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Paunescu D, Mora CA, Puddu M, Krumeich F, Grass RN. DNA protection against ultraviolet irradiation by encapsulation in a multilayered SiO2/TiO2assembly. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8504-8509. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01552e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The here presented method allows to protect DNA against UV-induced damage by encapsulating it in a core–shell–shell particulate construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Paunescu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. A. Mora
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Puddu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R. N. Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Fanos V, Scarcella A, Puddu M, Gallini F, Tuminelli F, Bragetti P, Gallina M, Quartulli L, Benincori N, Citro G, Dalla Via L, Barera G, Paparatti UDL, Merolla R, Romano G, Guida G, Silvestri M, Rossi G. Respiratory Disorders and Hospitalization Rates During the Second RSV Season in Preterm Infants Who Received Palivizumab Prophylaxis During Their First RSV Season. J Chemother 2013; 21:302-10. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Negri AL, Del Valle EE, Zanchetta MB, Nobaru M, Silveira F, Puddu M, Barone R, Bogado CE, Zanchetta JR. Evaluation of bone microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in hemodialysis patients. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2543-50. [PMID: 22234812 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hemodialyzed patients have decreased bone strength not completely characterized. We evaluated bone microarchitecture in hemodialysis patients and compared it to that of subjects without renal disease by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Hemodialysis patients have a marked decreased in cortical density, thickness, and area with significant reduction in trabecular parameters that correlated with the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism only in women. INTRODUCTION Although fracture risk is greatly increased in dialysis patients, the corresponding decreased in bone strength has not been completely characterized. METHODS We evaluated volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure by HR-pQCT at the distal radius and tibia in 50 hemodialyzed (HD) patients (30 females, mean age 53.2 ± 6 years and 20 males, mean age 59.1 ± 11 years) and 50 sex- and age-matched controls. RESULTS At the distal radius HD, women showed a 29% reduction in total and trabecular density and trabecular bone volume fraction (p < 0.0001) compared to controls. Trabecular number was reduced by 25% (p < 0.0001), while trabecular separation was increased by 51%. Cortical thickness (-40%, p < 0.0001) and cortical area (-42%, p < 0.0001) were the parameters most reduced, while compact density was the parameter least reduced (-15%, p < 0.0001). Similar findings were found at the tibia. In HD men, HR-pQCT at the distal radius and tibia showed a reduction in volumetric density and microstructure parameters to a lesser extent than in women. In the hemodialyzed group, cortical thickness at the radius was negatively correlated with age both in women and men. At the distal radius and tibia, we found significant negative correlations between Log iPTH and total alkaline phosphatase with cortical vBMD(r = -0.48, p < 0.01; r = -0.69, p < 0.001), thickness (-0.37, p < 0.05; r = -0.60, p < 0.001), and area ((r = -0.43, p = 0.02; r = -0.65, p < 0.001) but only in women. CONCLUSION We conclude that hemodialysis patients have a marked decreased in cortical density, thickness, and area with significant reduction in trabecular parameters that correlated with the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism only in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Negri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas, Universidad del Salvador, Libertad 836 1 piso, Buenos Aires 1012, Argentina.
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Bassareo P, Puddu M, Flore G, Deidda M, Manconi E, Melis A, Fanos V, Mercuro G. Could ADMA levels in young adults born preterm predict an early endothelial dysfunction? Int J Cardiol 2012; 159:217-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patrier L, Dupuis AM, Granger Vallee A, Chenine L, Leray-Moragues H, Chalabi L, Morena M, Canaud B, Cristol JP, Akizawa T, Fukuhara S, Fukagawa M, Onishi Y, Yamaguchi T, Hasegawa T, Kido R, Kurokawa K, Vega O, Usvyat L, Rosales L, Thijssen S, Levin N, Kotanko P, An WS, Son YK, Kim SE, Kim KH, Han JY, Bae HR, Park Y, Passlick-Deetjen J, Kroczak M, Buschges-Seraphin B, Covic AC, Ponce P, Marzell B, Schulze F, de Francisco ALM, Esteve V, Junque A, Duarte V, Fulquet M, Saurina A, Pou M, Salas K, Macias J, Sanchez Ramos A, Lavado M, Ramirez de Arellano M, Del Valle E, Negri AL, Ryba J, Peri P, Puddu M, Bravo M, Rosa Diez G, Crucelegui S, Sintado L, Bevione PE, Canalis M, Fradinger E, Marini A, Marelli C, Schiller A, Covic A, Schiller O, Roman V, Andrei C, Berca S, Ivacson Z, Anton C, Raletchi C, Sezer S, Tutal E, Bal Z, Erkmen Uyar M, Ozdemir Acar FN, Lessard M, Ouimet D, Leblanc M, Nadeau-Fredette AC, Bell R, Lafrance JP, Pichette V, Vallee M, Solak Y, Atalay H, Torun B, Tonbul Z, Lacueva J, Santamaria C, Bordils A, Vicent C, Fernandez M, Casado M, Karakan S, Sezer S, Tutal E, Ozdemir Acar N, Ishimura E, Okuno S, Tsuboniwa N, Ichii M, Yamakawa T, Shoji S, Inaba M, Lomonte C, Derosa C, Libutti P, Teutonico A, Chimienti D, Antonelli M, Bruno A, Cocola S, Basile C, Petrucci I, Giovannini L, Samoni S, Colombini E, Cupisti A, Meola M, Stancu S, Zugravu A, Stanescu B, Barbulescu C, Anghel C, Cinca S, Petrescu L, Mircescu G, Hung PH, Chiang PC, Jong IC, Hsiao CY, Hung KY, Tentori F, Karaboyas A, Sen A, Hecking M, Bommer J, Depner T, Akiba T, Port FK, Robinson BM, Basile C, Libutti P, Di Turo AL, Vernaglione L, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Teutonico A, Lomonte C, Sanadgol H, Baiani M, Mohanna M, Basile C, Libutti P, Di Turo AL, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Teutonico A, Vernaglione L, Lomonte C, Negri AL, Del Valle EE, Zanchetta MB, Nobaru M, Silveira F, Puddu M, Barone R, Bogado CE, Zanchetta JR, Mlot-Michalska M, Grzegorzewska AE, Fedak D, Kuzniewski M, Janda K, Krzanowski M, Pawlica D, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Solnica B, Sulowicz W, Novotna H, vara F, Polakovic V, Sedlackova E, Marzell B, Kaufmann P, Merello JI, Mora J, Crespo A, Arens HJ, Passlick-Deetjen J, Takahashi T, Ogawa H, Kitajima Y, Sato Y, Cayabyab S, Mallari J, Kikuchi H, Nakayama H, Saito N, Shimada H, Miyazaki S, Sakai S, Suzuki M, Gonzalez E, Torregrosa V, Cannata J, Gonzalez MT, Arenas MD, Montenegro J, Rios F, Mora J, Moreno R, Muniz ML, Copley JB, Smyth M, Poole L, Wilson R. Bone disease in CKD 5D. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bassareo PP, Fanos V, Puddu M, Demuru P, Cadeddu F, Balzarini M, Mercuro G. Reduced brachial flow-mediated vasodilation in young adult ex extremely low birth weight preterm: a condition predictive of increased cardiovascular risk? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 23 Suppl 3:121-4. [PMID: 20925458 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.506811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic data present in literature report how preterm birth and low birth weight constitute the risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in later life. AIM To assess the presence of potential alterations to endothelial function in young adults born preterm at extremely low birth weight (<1000 g; ex ELBW). METHOD Thirty-two ex-ELBW subjects (10 males [M] and 22 females [F], aged 17-28 years, mean [+/- DS] 20.1 +/- 2.5 years) were compared with 32 healthy, age-matched subjects born at term (C, 9 M and 23 F). EXCLUSION CRITERIA 1) pathological conditions known to affect endothelial function; 2) administration of drugs known to affect endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by non-invasive finger plethysmography, previously validated by the US Food and Drug Administration (Endopath; Itamar Medical Ltd., Cesarea, Israel). RESULTS Endothelial function was significantly reduced in ex-ELBW subjects compared to C (1.94 +/- 0.37 vs. 2.68 +/- 0.41, p < 0.0001). Moreover, this function correlated significantly with gestational age (r = 0.56, p < 0.0009) and birth weight (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained reveal a significant decrease in endothelial function of ex-ELBW subjects compared to controls, underlining a probable correlation with preterm birth and low birth weight. Taken together, these results suggest that an ELBW may underlie the onset of early circulatory dysfunction predictive of increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Bassareo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, S.S. 554, Bivio di Sestu, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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Fanos V, Puddu M, Reali A, Atzei A, Zaffanello M. Perinatal nutrient restriction reduces nephron endowment increasing renal morbidity in adulthood: a review. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86 Suppl 1:37-42. [PMID: 20153126 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal malnutrition has been included among the causes of renal disease in adulthood. Here, we consider the relationships between early supply of specific nutrients (such as protein, fat, vitamins and electrolytes) and renal endowment. Prenatal and postnatal nutrition mismatch is also discussed. In addition, this article presents the role of nutrition of both mothers and pre-term infants on nephron endowment, with final practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericultura Institute and Neonatal Section, University and Azienda Mista of Cagliari, Italy.
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Puddu M. [Home care for the high-risk newborn infant]. Minerva Pediatr 2010; 62:11-14. [PMID: 21090070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
With increased survival of extremely low birth weigh (ELBW) and very ill infants, a lot of them are discharged with unresolved medical issues that complicate their subsequent care. Infants born preterm with low birth weight who require neonatal intensive care experience a much higher rate of hospital readmission and death during the first year after birth compared with healthy term infants. Despite initial hospital care which is one of the most expensive of all kind of hospitalization, home care services are sometimes still sparse though the high risk of this group for failure to thrive, respiratory problems, developmental delays, parenting problems. In addition, societal and economic forces have come to bear on the timing and process of discharge and home care. Moreover it takes time for the family of a high-risk infant to prepare to care for their infant in a home setting and to obtain the necessary support services and mobilize community resources. Careful preparation for discharge, good follow-up and medical home after discharge may reduce these risks.
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MESH Headings
- Aftercare/organization & administration
- Brain Damage, Chronic/rehabilitation
- Brain Damage, Chronic/therapy
- Child Health Services/organization & administration
- Enteral Nutrition
- Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood/therapy
- Home Care Services/organization & administration
- Humans
- Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/rehabilitation
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/rehabilitation
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy
- Italy
- Lung Diseases/congenital
- Lung Diseases/therapy
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
- Risk
- Social Support
- Socioeconomic Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- M Puddu
- Patologia e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, AOU, Cagliari
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Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an important cause of hospital-acquired infections, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This review analyzes clinical signs, risk factors, biotyping and sources of infection in newborns exhibited by this bacteria as well as the therapy which is commonly used and management. This review examines the reported cases of outbreaks of S. marcescens in NICUs published in pubmed over the last 10 years (key words: Serratia marcescens infections, outbreaks, Neonatal intensive Care Units). This report highlights the different prevention and control strategies employed in order to eradicate Serratia outbreaks in NICUs, including all healthcare procedures such as hand washing, introduction of alcohol-based antiseptic gel, enhanced cleaning and disinfection of medical equipment and wards, use of single-patient medical instruments, cohorting of colonized and infected infants, periodic screening cultures, earliest discharge of the infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Mista Ospedaliero Universitaria, Italy
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13
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Puddu M. [At risk newborn hospital and territory followup]. Minerva Pediatr 2009; 61:758-762. [PMID: 19935544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Puddu
- Patologia e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Università-Ospedale di Cagliari
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Fanos V, Puddu M, Cataldi L, Zaffanello M. [Perinatal renal damage and distance renal function]. Minerva Pediatr 2009; 61:734-738. [PMID: 19935537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Fanos
- Ospedaliero Universitaria 8, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari
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Abstract
Recent literature has provided evidence of a link between early RSV infection and chronic respiratory morbidity (recurrent wheezing, reactive airway disease and asthma). The mechanism of this association is not well understood but both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The classical studies from Sweden, Tucson and Finland are briefly summarized. Moreover new data concerning a recent multi-center international study on this topic are presented. The study, which enrolled 191 preterm infants (<or=35 wGA) who had received pelivizumab before 6 months of age and 230 who had never received pelivizumab, suggests that prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with pelivizumab may reduce subsequent recurrent wheezing in premature infants. The INDEX study, a prospective study, will provide a useful contribution to the definition of epidemiological data on respiratory infection in preterm infants in Italy. Additional research is required to more fully understand the mechanism by which RSV leads to wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Puddu
- Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Puericultura e Nido, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy
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Puddu M, Podda MF, Fanos V. Long distance emerging problems in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Med Chir 2005; 27:50-3. [PMID: 16913632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Puddu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari
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Pellegrini V, Fineschi N, Matteucci G, Marsili I, Nencioni L, Puddu M, Garelick H, Zuckerman AJ. Preparation and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. Vaccine 1993; 11:383-7. [PMID: 8383387 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90204-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A hepatitis A vaccine was prepared by formaldehyde inactivation of purified hepatitis A virus (HAV) LSH/S strain grown on human diploid MRC-5 cells. The vaccine was devoid of residual infectivity in vitro and failed to induce in marmoset monkeys any pathological features or variations of haematological and clinical chemistry values. Infectious HAV particles were not detected in faeces and sera of the vaccinated primates by ELISA or after passages in MRC-5 cells. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated by injecting guinea-pigs with 0.8, 0.2 or 0.05 micrograms of HAV antigen adsorbed onto 0.5 and 1 mg of Al (OH)3 or 0.3 mg of AlPO4. The antibody response, measured by a competitive radioimmunoassay, was dose- and adjuvant-dependent. One injection of 0.2 micrograms of AlPO4-adsorbed HAV antigen induced seroconversion in 100% of animals and high levels of specific and neutralizing serum antibodies. A further increase of antibody titres was observed after the second and third inoculations. These results show that this vaccine formulation is safe and immunogenic in animal models, and suggest that it should be evaluated further by human clinical studies.
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Garcea R, Daino L, Pascale R, Simile MM, Puddu M, Ruggiu ME, Seddaiu MA, Satta G, Sequenza MJ, Feo F. Protooncogene methylation and expression in regenerating liver and preneoplastic liver nodules induced in the rat by diethylnitrosamine: effect of variations of S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. Carcinogenesis 1989; 10:1183-92. [PMID: 2472229 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/10.7.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) DNA content, and methylation and expression of c-myc, c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras have been studied in liver nodules, induced by diethylnitrosamine according to the 'resistant hepatocyte' model, and in regenerating liver (RL) between 0.5 and 72 h after partial hepatectomy (PH). Nodules, 11, 13 and 21 weeks after initiation, grew actively, showed a low tendency to remodel (persistent nodules), and did not exhibit carcinomatous changes. They underwent extensive remodeling after a 1-week SAM treatment (64 mumol/kg/day), and decreased in size and number after a 3-11-week treatment. A low SAM/SAH ratio was coupled, in nodules, with a high labeling index (LI), 2-fold fall in 5mC DNA content, increase in c-myc, c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras expression and hypomethylation of CCGG sequences in the DNA hybridizing with the three protooncogenes. In RL a low SAM/SAH ratio, overall DNA hypomethylation and enhanced c-myc expression were first observed 0.5 h after PH, reached a peak at 5 h and progressively returned to pre-PH levels later on. Maximum expression of c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras occurred 24-30 h after PH, roughly coincident with the LI peak. However, no great modifications of the methylation pattern of protooncogene CCGG sequence occurred at any time after PH, indicating the presence of hypomethylated genes and/or DNA sequences different from those investigated in this paper. SAM injection to nodule-bearing rats, for 1-11 weeks before killing, and to hepatectomized rats, 2 days before PH and then up to killing, largely prevented decrease in the SAM/SAH ratio and overall DNA methylation and inhibited LI and protooncogene expression. In nodules these effects were proportional to the treatment length and coupled with methylation of CpG residues in the CCGG sequence of the three protooncogenes studied. SAM treatment left the methylation pattern of these genes unchanged in RL. Kinetics of increase in protooncogene expression suggest a role in the regulation of cell cycle in RL. However, decrease in the SAM/SAH ratio, protooncogene hypomethylation and enhanced expression are apparently stable in nodules 11-21 weeks after initiation and could be implicated in continuous nodule growth and progression. Control of DNA methylation and gene expression by exogenous SAM could be a mechanism of the SAM anti-progression effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garcea
- Istituto di Patologia generale dell'Università di Sassari, Italy
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Garcea R, Daino L, Pascale R, Simile MM, Puddu M, Frassetto S, Cozzolino P, Seddaiu MA, Gaspa L, Feo F. Inhibition of promotion and persistent nodule growth by S-adenosyl-L-methionine in rat liver carcinogenesis: role of remodeling and apoptosis. Cancer Res 1989; 49:1850-6. [PMID: 2564313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The resistant hepatocyte model (initiation/selection) and the triphasic model (initiation/selection followed by phenobarbital, for a maximum of 16 weeks) were compared for their ability to generate enzyme-altered foci (EAF) and nodules in the liver of Wistar rats initiated by diethylnitrosamine. The effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) on the development of preneoplastic tissue was tested in these experimental models. In the absence of phenobarbital (PB), EAF and early nodules (EN) went through a phase of rapid growth, between 4 and 9 weeks after initiation, to a phase in which progressive decrease in number and size occurred. By the 26th week only a few remodeling EAF and nodules were found. In PB-treated rats a rapid increase in the percentage of liver occupied by EAF and EN, up to the 9th week after initiation, was followed by a period of slow growth (from the 9th to the 20th week) and then, after PB withdrawal (20th week), by a drop in the number and size of EAF and EN. However, at the 26th week actively growing nodules with a low tendency to spontaneous remodeling (persistent nodules) developed. EAF and EN showed a high DNA synthesis 5 weeks after initiation. Thereafter, progressive decline in DNA synthesis, coupled with remodeling and decrease in number of biochemical markers, was seen both in the absence and, even though to a lesser extent, in the presence of PB, indicating that preneoplastic lesions became increasingly insensitive to PB. Relatively few apoptotic bodies could be observed in EAF and EN during PB treatment. After PB withdrawal, decrease in growth potential was coupled with increase in apoptotic bodies. In contrast, in persistent nodules relatively high apoptosis occurred which partially counterbalanced high DNA synthesis. Administration of SAM for a maximum of 16 weeks, starting at the 4th week after initiation, caused a great decrease in number and size of EAF and EN, associated with inhibition of DNA synthesis, high cell death by apoptosis, high remodeling, and loss of biochemical markers, in preneoplastic lesions of both PB-treated and untreated rats. A 1-8-week SAM treatment, started after the development of persistent nodules, caused a great regression of nodular lesions, coupled with a sharp fall in DNA synthesis and increase in apoptosis. It is suggested that inhibition by SAM of the development of preneoplastic tissue is linked to a shift of the equilibrium between cell production and cell death in favor of cell death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garcea
- Istituto di Patologia generale dell'Università di Sassari, Italy
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Garcea R, Daino L, Frassetto S, Cozzolino P, Ruggiu ME, Vannini MG, Pascale R, Lenzerini L, Simile MM, Puddu M. Reversal by ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides of dehydroepiandrosterone-induced inhibition of enzyme altered foci in the liver of rats subjected to the initiation--selection process of experimental carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 1988; 9:931-8. [PMID: 2897255 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/9.6.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the activity of NADPH-producing enzymes and the development of enzyme-altered foci has been investigated in the liver of female Wistar rats subjected to an initiating treatment (a necrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine) followed, 15 days later, by a selection treatment [a 15-day feeding of a diet containing 0.03% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), with a partial hepatectomy at the midpoint of this feeding]. At the end of the selection treatment all rat groups received, for 15 days, a basal diet containing, when indicated, 0.05% phenobarbital (PB) and/or 0.6% DHEA. The effect of DHEA on the activity of NADPH-producing enzymes was also studied in normal rats fed, for 15 days, a diet containing 0.6% DHEA and in their pair-fed controls. DHEA caused a 43-58% inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and, respectively, 338-420% and 21-24% increases in malic enzyme (ME) and isocitric dehydrogenase activities in all rat groups. This was coupled with a great fall in the production of ribulose-5-phosphate, while no change in NADP+/NADPH ratio occurred. Hepatocytes, isolated from DHEA-treated rats, exhibited a very low activity of hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS), which was not stimulated by methylene blue, an exogenous oxidizing agent that markedly stimulated HMS activity in control hepatocytes. DHEA caused a great fall in the percentage of liver occupied by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-positive foci, in the rats subjected to the initiation-selection treatments. PB enhanced the development of these foci, an effect which was completely overcome by DHEA. In addition, focal cells no longer expressed a G6PD activity higher than that of surrounding liver in DHEA-treated rats, but exhibited a high histochemical reaction for ME. DHEA also caused a great fall in labelling index of GGT-positive foci. Starting at the end of 2-AAF feeding, a mixture of ribonucleosides (RNs) of adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil and of deoxyribonucleosides (DRNs) of adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine were injected i.p. every 8 h for 12 days to the rats subjected to the initiation-selection treatments plus PB. Rats were killed 3 days after the end of RN and DRN treatments. These treatments completely overcome the DHEA effect on the development of GGT-positive foci and DNA synthesis by the focal cells, without affecting G6PD activity of both whole liver and putative preneoplastic foci. Experiments with labeled nucleosides revealed that RNs and DRNs produced derivatives that were incorporated into liver DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garcea
- Istituto di Patologia generale dell'Università di Sassari, Italy
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Puddu M, Galli E, Rossi P, Perlini R, Haass C, Businco L. [Evaluation of the immune system in children with bronchial asthma treated with beclomethasone dipropionate]. Minerva Pediatr 1981; 33:593-6. [PMID: 6973688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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