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Kodidhi A, Riley M, Vesoulis Z. The influence of late prematurity on the encephalopathy exam of infants with neonatal encephalopathy. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:693-700. [PMID: 38073399 PMCID: PMC10753960 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late preterm (LPT) infants are increasingly treated for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, neurodevelopmental differences of LPT infants may independently influence the neurologic exam and confound care. METHODS Perinatal and outcome characteristics were extracted along with the worst autonomic and state/neuromuscular/reflex Sarnat components in a cross-section of infants with moderate/severe HIE. Infants were classified as late preterm (LPT, 34-36 weeks) or term (>36 weeks). RESULTS 250 infants were identified, 55 were late preterm. LPT infants had lower mean gestational age and birthweight and greater length of stay (LOS). LPT infants had higher median scores for the Moro and respiratory autonomic components, but no difference in total score. CONCLUSIONS LPT infants had increased LOS, worse Moro reflex, and respiratory status, but no clinically or statistically significant differences in total Sarnat scores. Although it is important to note the impact of immaturity on the exam, it is unlikely to independently alter management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kodidhi
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Riley
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Z Vesoulis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ruckdeschel J, Parthasarathy S, Riley M, Chamarthi R, Rajagopal C, Hsu A, Driscoll C. EP01.06-004 Eliciting Quantitative Smoking History by the Use of Natural Language Processing. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dowd C, Lomas P, Harris E, Hughes S, Riley M. 65: Care center local collaborations: A survey analysis of care center perspectives on current relationships. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Arceluz M, Frankel D, Tschabrunn C, Santangeli P, Bravo P, Supple G, Muser D, Callans D, Schaller R, Hyman M, Kumareswaran R, Riley M, Lin D, Arkles J, Marchlinski F. Role of QRS amplitude, fractionation and duration in predicting clinical response to anti-inflammatory treatment in cardiac sarcoidosis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low QRS amplitude (QRSa), QRS fractionation (QRSf) and longer QRS duration (QRSd) are markers of myocardial fibrosis and inflammation in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).
Objective
To determine if reduction of inflammation with treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) may reverse these 12 lead ECG parameter changes.
Methods
21 patients (pts) with CS and VT ablation with a positive baseline positron emission tomographic (PET 1) scan were studied. All pts received prednisone ≥40 mg for 4 to 8 weeks followed by a taper and maintenance with methotrexate ± low-dose prednisone, <10 mg/day, until clinically stable and resolution of inflammation on PET 2 one year after initial. In addition, pts with low LV ejection fraction (13/21) received guideline directed medical therapy for heart failure. Pts at 1yr with positive PET2 (9) were compared to those with negative PET2 (12). Baseline and 1yr 12-lead ECGs were analyzed for QRSd, ≥2QRSf contiguous leads and QRSa in the limb leads.
Results
Pts in PET2(+) vs PET2(−) groups has similar gender (men 89% vs 100%, p=0.42), age (57±8 vs 56±10 years, p=0.8) and LV ejection fraction (41±11 vs 46±11, p=0.31). Baseline 12-lead ECGs showed similar QRSd, ≥2QRSf contiguous leads and QRSa for PET2(+) vs PET2(−); P all >0.15 (Table 1). At 1 yr there was a lower prevalence of ≥2QRSf contiguous leads and strong trend for shorter QRS duration and larger QRSa in lead DI if PET2(−) vs PET2(+). 4 pts demonstrated loss of QRSf 2 contiguous leads and/or increase in QRSa in DI by at least 0.15 mV from baseline if PET2(−) and none if PET2(+).
Conclusions
In pts with CS and VT, reversal of inflammation may result in a greater QRSa and reduction in QRSf. An increase in QRSa in lead 1 by >0.15mV and/or loss of QRSf identifies a clear positive response to treatment and negative PET at 1 year.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Richard T and Angela Clark Innovation Fund in Cardiovascular Medicine, the Mark S Marchlinski EP Research and Education Fund and the Winkelman Family Fund in Cardiovascular Innovation. Table 1
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arceluz
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - D Frankel
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - C Tschabrunn
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - P Santangeli
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - P Bravo
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - G Supple
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - D Muser
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - D Callans
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - R Schaller
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - M Hyman
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - R Kumareswaran
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - M Riley
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - D Lin
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - J Arkles
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - F Marchlinski
- The Pennsylvania Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, United States of America
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Heckman CJ, Riley M, Niu Z, Lu SE, Valdes-Rodriguez R, Yosipovitch G. A single-arm pilot of a web-based intervention to improve itch-related quality of life. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:108-112. [PMID: 34549834 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with chronic itch and atopic dermatitis (AD) or psoriasis do not receive/use available medical and psychosocial treatments properly due to system, provider and/or patient factors. OBJECTIVE An educational website (ITCH-RELIEF) to improve itch-related quality of life (QoL) for adults with AD or psoriasis and chronic itch was developed and assessed. ITCH RELIEF stands for Interactive Toolbox of Comprehensive Health Resources to Enhance Living with Itch - Educational Facilitation (for Adults). METHODS Single-arm pre- and post-test design with 1-month follow-up (N = 137 at baseline). RESULTS There was statistically and clinically significant improvement in the primary outcome of itch-related QoL impairment as assessed by the ItchyQoL from baseline [M = 78.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 75.9, 81.9] to follow up (M = 75.4, CI = 72.4, 78.5), P = 0.007, as well as statistically significant improvement in several itch-related secondary outcomes (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated initial effectiveness of an online intervention to improve itch-related QoL among individuals with AD or psoriasis and chronic itch. Future studies should address limitations by randomizing more heterogeneous participants, utilizing a longer follow-up and assessing medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Heckman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M Riley
- Metronic Inc., Denver, CO, USA
| | - Z Niu
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S-E Lu
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - R Valdes-Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G Yosipovitch
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Creedon M, Owen E, O’Brien K, Dawson C, Riley M, Kavaliunaite E. P286 Impact of Mycobacterium abscessus infection on nutritional status in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a single-centre audit. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gire N, Chaudhry I, Naeem F, Duxbury J, Riley M, McKeown M, Taylor C, Taylor P, Emsley R, Caton N, Kelly J, Kingdon D, Husain N. TechCare: Mobile-assessment and therapy for psychosis: An intervention for clients within the early intervention service. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn the UK, mental illness is a major source of disease burden costing in the region of £105 billion pounds. mHealth is a novel and emerging field in psychiatric and psychological care for the treatment of mental health difficulties such as psychosis.ObjectiveTo develop an intelligent real-time therapy (iRTT) mobile intervention (TechCare) which assesses participant's symptoms in real-time and responds with a personalised self-help based psychological intervention, with the aim of reducing participant's symptoms. The system will utilise intelligence at two levels:– intelligently increasing the frequency of assessment notifications if low mood/paranoia is detected;– an intelligent machine learning algorithm which provides interventions in real-time and also provides recommendations on the most popular selected interventions.AimThe aim of the current project is to develop a mobile phone intervention for people with psychosis, and to conduct a feasibility study of the TechCare App.MethodsThe study consists of both qualitative and quantitative components. The study will be run across three strands:– qualitative work;– test run and intervention refinement;– feasibility trial.ResultsPreliminary analysis of qualitative data from Strand 2 (test run and intervention refinement) in-depth interviews with service users (n = 2) and focus group with health professionals (n = 1), highlighted main themes around security of the device, multimedia and the acceptability of psychological interventions being delivered via the TechCare App.ConclusionsResearch in this area can be potentially helpful in addressing the demand on mental health services globally, particularly improving access to psychological interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Yang B, Kanelidis A, Narang N, Holzhauser L, Nguyen A, Chung B, Raikhelkar J, Smith B, Sarswat N, Ebong I, Rodgers D, Imamura T, Murks C, Riley T, Powers J, Riley M, Jeevanandam V, Sayer G, Uriel N. Psychosocial Contraindications to Heart Transplant Listing in an Urban Academic Medical Center. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Levett D, Jack S, Swart M, Carlisle J, Wilson J, Snowden C, Riley M, Danjoux G, Ward S, Older P, Grocott M. Perioperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET): consensus clinical guidelines on indications, organization, conduct, and physiological interpretation. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:484-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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10
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Riley M, Wagle A. Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Chefs Regarding Nutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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O'Neill B, Bradley JM, McKevitt AM, Heaney L, Riley M, McGovern V, MacMahon J. Prescribing practice for intermittent oxygen therapy: a GP survey. Chron Respir Dis 2016; 1:139-42. [PMID: 16281655 DOI: 10.1191/1479972304cd036oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:UK figures show that the prescription of home oxygen cylinders for intermittent use is substantial. Aim: To examine GP assessment criteria and prescribing practice for intermittent oxygen therapy in patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Northern Ireland. Methods:A postal questionnaire was sent to all GPs (n = 534) in two health boards who had prescribed cylinder oxygen in a six month period prior to the study. The questionnaire was piloted to establish reliability and validity. Results:Completed questionnaires were returned by 52% (280/534) of GPs. GPs ‘most frequently’ used advice from hospital specialists [82% (230/280)] to determine the need for intermittent oxygen. Criteria such as breathlessness score on exercise (e.g., BORG), oximetry on exercise, local guidelines or national guidelines were used less frequently or never. Conclusions:Most patients are likely to have been prescribed intermittent oxygen without any objective assessment. Implementation of evidence-based guidelines and a formal oxygen assessment service, would rationalize the use of intermittent oxygen therapy and enable better targeting of this expensive resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Neill
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ulster and Regional Respiratory Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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12
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Wycherley T, Grieger J, Johnson B, Riley M, Golley R. MON-P197: Nutritional Impact of Discrete Strategies to Reformulate or Reduce Discretionary Foods in the Australian Population. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Shi Z, Riley M, Taylor A, Noakes M. Meal specific food patterns and the incidence of hyperglycemia in a Chinese adult population. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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14
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Stonehouse W, Wycherley T, Luscombe-Marsh N, Taylor P, Brinkworth G, Riley M. Dairy intake enhances body weight and fat mass loss during energy restriction in 18–50 year olds – A meta-analysis. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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15
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Riley M, Lovell M, Gire N, Lane S, Taylor P, Fitzsimmons M, Chaudhry I, Bee P, Lovell K, Husain N. ApTiC: A feasibility trial of a communication method using mobile technology to improve assessment within an early intervention service. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe early intervention service (EIS) approach is based on therapeutic interactions, which promote service user recovery from first episode psychosis. Collaborative therapeutic work between the service user and case manager depends on good communication. This can be a challenge for people with psychosis as the process of thought can be disrupted or stimulus misinterpreted leading to communication errors.ObjectiveThe objective is to develop an interactive tool that can assist service user's communication of distress, whilst employing a psychoeducational approach to the use of an informal therapeutic measurement scale; subjective units of distress (SUDs) and early warning signs (EWS). The ApTiC mobile intervention will include ten numerically graded emoticons from low to extreme distress. Each emoticon is associated with specific individualised service user descriptors and linked to an individually agreed action plan and level of response to be offered by a staff member.AimThe aim of the present study will be to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the ApTic mobile intervention in preparation for a larger randomised controlled trial.MethodsPhase one: qualitative research to inform the development of the complimentary tool and mobile app (qualitative). Phase two: a 12-week rater-blinded randomized control trial of ApTiC compared to routine EIS case management (quantitative).ResultsThe qualitative data will be presented.ConclusionsIt is expected that once validated, the SUDs based ApTiC will enhance rapport and understanding thus improving the recovery approach to well-being and hopefully preventing relapse or the involvement of the crisis team or hospital admissions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ridoutt BG, Baird DL, Bastiaans K, Darnell R, Hendrie GA, Riley M, Sanguansri P, Syrette J, Noakes M, Keating BA. Short communication: a food-systems approach to assessing dairy product waste. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6107-10. [PMID: 25064645 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concern about world population increase, food security, and the environmental burdens of food production have made food-waste reduction a social and environmental priority. In this context, the quantification of dairy product waste is especially difficult due to the varied means of disposal, by solid and liquid waste streams, and due to inclusion as an ingredient in many processed foods. In this study, food intake data from the Australian National Nutrition Survey (>13,000 participants; >4,500 food items) were disaggregated into basic foods and total national dairy product intake was expressed in whole-milk equivalents. This result was compared with total domestic milk supply, indicating a level of waste of 29% for dairy products in the Australian food system. With national food-waste reduction targets becoming increasingly common, reliable estimates of food waste at the national scale are important for goal setting, baseline reporting, and performance monitoring. For this purpose, the systems approach to assessing food waste demonstrated in this project is deemed to have advantages over other common methods of food-waste assessment, such as bin audits, waste diaries, and surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Ridoutt
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia.
| | - D L Baird
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - K Bastiaans
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - R Darnell
- CSIRO Computational Informatics, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - G A Hendrie
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - M Riley
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - P Sanguansri
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - J Syrette
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - M Noakes
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - B A Keating
- CSIRO Sustainable Agriculture National Research Flagship, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Riley M, Lambert B, Qi XL, Constantinidis C. Neural Correlates of Visual Working Memory Capacity in the Posterior Parietal Cortex. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Gur RE, Kaltman D, Melhem ER, Ruparel K, Prabhakaran K, Riley M, Yodh E, Hakonarson H, Satterthwaite T, Gur RC. Incidental findings in youths volunteering for brain MRI research. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:2021-5. [PMID: 23811972 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MRIs are obtained in research in healthy and clinical populations, and incidental findings have been reported. Most studies have examined adults with variability in parameters of image acquisition and clinical measures available. We conducted a prospective study of youths and documented the frequency and concomitants of incidental findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Youths (n = 1400) with an age range from 8-23 years were imaged on the same 3T scanner, with a standard acquisition protocol providing 1.0 mm(3) isotropic resolution of anatomic scans. All scans were reviewed by an experienced board-certified neuroradiologist and were categorized into 3 groups: 1) normal: no incidental findings; 2) coincidental: incidental finding(s) were noted, further reviewed with an experienced pediatric neuroradiologist, but were of no clinical significance; 3) incidental findings that on further review were considered to have potential clinical significance and participants were referred for appropriate clinical follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 148 incidental findings (10.6% of sample) were noted, and of these, 12 required clinical follow-up. Incidental findings were not related to age. However, whites had a higher incidence of pineal cysts, and males had a higher incidence of cavum septum pellucidum, which was associated with psychosis-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Incidental findings, moderated by race and sex, occur in approximately one-tenth of participants volunteering for pediatric research, with few requiring follow-up. The incidence supports a 2-tiered approach of neuroradiologic reading and clinical input to determine the potential significance of incidental findings detected on research MR imaging scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry
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Bowen J, Hendrie G, Syrette J, Riley M. Misreporting by BMI category in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Chiao J, Pavia C, Riley M. Suppression of cellular immunity by lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Int J Angiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02014946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Gaire C, Snow P, Chan TL, Yuan W, Riley M, Liu Y, Zhang SB, Wang GC, Lu TM. Morphology and texture evolution of nanostructured CaF2 films on amorphous substrates under oblique incidence flux. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:445701. [PMID: 20921590 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/44/445701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and biaxial texture of vacuum evaporated CaF(2) films on amorphous substrates as a function of vapour incident angle, substrate temperature and film thickness were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray pole figure and reflection high energy electron diffraction surface pole figure analyses. Results show that an anomalous [220] out-of-plane texture was preferred in CaF(2) films deposited on Si substrates at < 200 °C with normal vapour incidence. With an increase of the vapour incident angle, the out-of-plane orientation changed from [220] to [111] at a substrate temperature of 100 °C. In films deposited with normal vapour incidence, the out-of-plane orientation changed from [220] at 100 °C to [111] at 400 °C. In films deposited with an oblique vapour incidence at 100 °C, the texture changed from random at small thickness (5 nm) to biaxial at larger thickness (20 nm or more). Using first principles density functional theory calculation, it was shown that [220] texture formation is a consequence of energetically favourable adsorption of CaF(2) molecules onto the CaF(2)(110) facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaire
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Dekker GA, Chan A, Luke CG, Priest K, Riley M, Halliday J, King JF, Gee V, O’Neill M, Snell M, Cull V, Cornes S. Risk of uterine rupture in Australian women attempting vaginal birth after one prior caesarean section: a retrospective population-based cohort study. BJOG 2010; 117:1358-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Troiani V, Hunyadi E, Riley M, Herrington J, Schultz R. Cortical and Subcortical Correlates of Nonconscious Face Processing. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Riley M, Kelly K, Martin T, Hayhoe M, Huxlin K. Homonymous hemianopia alters distribution of visual fixations in 3-dimensional virtual environments. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jamison JP, Megarry J, Riley M. Exponential protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill and cycle ergometer. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:167-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Herpen TWJM, Riley M, Sparks C, Jones HD, Gritsch C, Dekking EH, Hamer RJ, Bosch D, Salentijn EMJ, Smulders MJM, Shewry PR, Gilissen LJWJ. Detailed analysis of the expression of an alpha-gliadin promoter and the deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development. Ann Bot 2008; 102:331-42. [PMID: 18621967 PMCID: PMC2701793 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alpha-gliadin proteins are important for the industrial quality of bread wheat flour, but they also contain many epitopes that can trigger celiac (coeliac) disease (CD). The B-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin genes, however, contain very few epitopes. Controlling alpha-gliadin gene expression in wheat requires knowledge on the processes of expression and deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development. METHODS A 592-bp fragment of the promotor of a B-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin gene driving the expression of a GUS reporter gene was transformed into wheat. A large number of transgenic lines were used for data collection. GUS staining was used to determine GUS expression during wheat kernel development, and immunogold labelling and tissue printing followed by staining with an alpha-gliadin-specific antibody was used to detect alpha-gliadin protein deposited in developing wheat kernels. The promoter sequence was screened for regulatory motifs and compared to other available alpha-gliadin promoter sequences. KEY RESULTS GUS expression was detected primarily in the cells of the starchy endosperm, notably in the subaleurone layer but also in the aleurone layer. The alpha-gliadin promoter was active from 11 days after anthesis (DAA) until maturity, with an expression similar to that of a 326-bp low molecular weight (LMW) subunit gene promoter reported previously. An alpha-gliadin-specific antibody detected alpha-gliadin protein in protein bodies in the starchy endosperm and in the subaleurone layer but, in contrast to the promoter activity, no alpha-gliadin was detected in the aleurone cell layer. Sequence comparison showed differences in regulatory elements between the promoters of alpha-gliadin genes originating from different genomes (A and B) of bread wheat both in the region used here and upstream. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that additional regulator elements upstream of the promoter region used may specifically repress expression in the aleurone cell layer. Observed differences in expression regulator motifs between the alpha-gliadin genes on the different genomes (A and B) of bread wheat leads to a better understanding how alpha-gliadin expression can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. W. J. M. Van Herpen
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Allergy Consortium Wageningen, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Riley
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - C. Sparks
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - H. D. Jones
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - C. Gritsch
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - E. H. Dekking
- Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. Hamer
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Bosch
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. M. J. Salentijn
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. M. Smulders
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Allergy Consortium Wageningen, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P. R. Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - L. J. W. J. Gilissen
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Allergy Consortium Wageningen, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Modisane M, Stewart A, Riley M. The effect of a knee brace on gait parameters of hypertonic hemiplegic patients. South African Journal of Physiotherapy 2008. [DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v64i2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the useof a knee brace on 15 subjects with hypertonic hemiparesis. The middlecerebral artery was involved in all subjects. The Ashworth scale was usedto screen for the presence of spasticity in the quadriceps muscles.Measurements of gait speed, step and stride length were taken in the middle 10 metres of a 15 metre paper walkway. A comparison of these gait parameters without and with the use of a knee brace was made. A ques-tionnaire was also used to evaluate how subjects responded to the use of aknee brace.The results showed that the mean speed for all 15 subjects increased withthe use of a brace, (p = 0.05). Step and stride length without and with the use of a brace showed no statistical differences.It was therefore concluded that the FECK brace appears to have an effect on the walking speed of subjects withhypertonic hemiparesis
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Carl I, Ong H, Donnelly R, Riley M, Nicholls DP. Exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with sympatho-adrenal imbalance. Int J Cardiol 2007; 116:124-5. [PMID: 16843541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Andreasyan K, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Morley R, Riley M, Dear K, Cochrane J. Higher maternal dietary protein intake in late pregnancy is associated with a lower infant ponderal index at birth. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:498-508. [PMID: 17136041 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM A high ponderal index at birth has been associated with later obesity and it has been suggested that intervention to prevent obesity and its sequela should consider the antenatal period. In this context, we investigated the association between maternal nutrition and birth anthropometry. DESIGN We analyzed data on 1040 mother-infant pairs collected during the Tasmanian Infant Health Survey (TIHS), Tasmania, 1988-1989. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy was measured by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) applied soon after birth. Outcomes of interest were birth weight, birth length, head circumference, ponderal index, head circumference -to-ponderal index ratio, placenta-to-birth weight ratio and head circumference-to-birth length index. RESULTS In multiple regression model, an increase of 10 g of absolute protein intake/day was associated with a reduction in birth weight of 17.8 g (95% CI: -32.7, -3.0; P=0.02). Protein intake was also associated negatively with ponderal index (beta=-0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.00; P=0.01). A 1 % increase in carbohydrate intake resulted in a 1% decline in placental weight relative to birth weight. Higher protein intake in the third trimester was associated with a reduced ponderal index among large birth weight infants but not low birth weight infants. CONCLUSIONS This raises the possibility that any effect of high protein in altering infant anthropometry at birth may involve changes in body composition and future work to examine how a high-protein diet influences body composition at birth is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Andreasyan
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Doolittle R, Pandi L, Riley M. ID: 057 Delaying Fibrinolysis with Synthetic Peptides Patterned on Fibrin B Knobs. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether patients (n = 40) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) currently receiving short-burst oxygen therapy meet existing criteria for ambulatory oxygen. A prospective randomised balanced double-blind crossover design was used. Criterion (i) for ambulatory oxygen (desaturation by 4% to below 90% on the practice walk) was met in 21 patients; 15 of these 21 patients also met criterion (ii) (10% improvement in distance and/or breathlessness score with oxygen). Despite no evidence of desaturation in 19/40 patients, 9/19 improved their distance and/or breathlessness score with oxygen. This study has shown that many patients on short-burst oxygen meet existing criteria for ambulatory oxygen and may have been receiving suboptimal therapy. It supports recent proposals for the development of comprehensive assessment services which incorporate assessment for all categories of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Neill
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.
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Winzenberg TM, Riley M, Frendin S, Oldenburg B, Jones G. Sociodemographic factors associated with calcium intake in premenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59:463-6. [PMID: 15674306 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe associations between sociodemographic factors and calcium intake in premenopausal women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based. SUBJECTS A total of 467 randomly selected, predominantly Caucasian Tasmanian women aged 25-44 y, response rate 63%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES calcium intake, sociodemographic factors, anthropometrics, osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy. RESULTS Education level, calcium-specific osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy were all independently associated with calcium intake (P<0.05). The odds of achieving the recommended dietary intake for calcium increased with higher levels of calcium-specific self-efficacy and knowledge, and decreased in smokers or if the household's main financial provider was unemployed (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Women who have lower levels of education, who are in households where the main financial provider is unemployed, who are smokers, and those with low levels of calcium-specific self-efficacy and knowledge are at risk of not achieving adequate calcium intake. This information will assist targeting of public health strategies aimed at improving the calcium intake of premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Winzenberg
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Riley M, Baker PN, Tribe RM, Taggart MJ. Expression of scaffolding, signalling and contractile-filament proteins in human myometria: effects of pregnancy and labour. J Cell Mol Med 2005; 9:122-34. [PMID: 15784170 PMCID: PMC1351332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful parturition requires the co-ordination of numerous myometrial signalling events to allow for timely and efficient uterine contractions. Late pregnancy and labour onset in humans may be associated with changes in the expression of myometrial proteins implicated in such uterine contractile signal integration. Accordingly, in myometria from non-pregnant women and pregnant women, not in labour or in labour, we examined the content of putative plasmalemmal scaffolding proteins (caveolin-1 and -2) and compared these to the proportions of signal transducing rho-associated kinases (ROKalpha and beta) and contractile filament-associated proteins alpha-actin, myosin regulatory light chain (MLC(20)) and h-caldesmon. There was no effect of pregnancy or labour on the proportion of caveolin, ROK betaor alpha-actin. However, pregnancy was associated with a decrease in ROKalpha and MLC(20) such that ROK alpha: alpha-actin and MLC(20): alpha-actin ratios were reduced compared to myometria of non-pregnant women. In contrast, h-caldesmon was up-regulated in pregnancy resulting in an elevated h-caldesmon: alpha-actin ratio. There were, however, no further significant changes in ROK alpha, MLC(20) or h-caldesmon expression with spontaneous or oxytocin-induced labour. These data suggest that the mechanism(s) integrating myometrial signalling events with the onset of human labour does not involve differential alterations of the cellular expressions of caveolins, ROK, alpha-actin, MLC(20) or h-caldesmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Great Britain
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Abstract
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare T cell rich, B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which is difficult to diagnose. We present a patient with LG who demonstrated many of the difficulties in diagnosis and highlighted the importance of reviewing the diagnosis if treatment does not have the anticipated effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCloskey
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there has been an improvement in ascertainment of birth defects cases ('case validity') by the Victorian Birth Defects Register (BDR) since an earlier study (conducted in 1993), to ascertain the accuracy of registered data ('item validity') and to investigate another possible source of notification. METHODS The medical records were reviewed of 500 children born after 1 January 1993 who were consecutively admitted after 1 January 1999 to two paediatric teaching hospitals in Victoria. In addition, records of 200 children referred to a clinical genetics service were reviewed for children born after 1 January 1993 and who were seen in two periods: 2 months after 1 January 2001 and 2 months after 1 January 2002. The records from the hospitals and clinical genetics service were reviewed separately to determine whether children recorded as having a birth defect had previously been notified to the BDR. RESULTS Twenty percent of the hospital records related to a child with a birth defect, as did 70% of the clinical genetics service records. Overall case validity for birth defect cases from the hospitals was 88%. There was 100% ascertainment for three of five categories. Sixty per cent of birth defects cases from the clinical genetics service had been notified to the BDR. When all diagnoses in matched cases were considered, item validity was 54%, however, if only primary diagnoses were included then 92% of cases had the same diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall case validity from the two paediatric teaching hospitals has significantly improved since our previous study. The addition of an extra data source from a clinical genetics service would identify new cases, particularly genetic disorders and developmental delay, as well as adding new diagnoses to existing ones. This study has highlighted the need to improve item validity, perhaps through routine education for all coders and notifiers on the inclusion and exclusion of specific associated conditions when notifying major birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riley
- Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit, Department of Human Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Fisher J, Hu XQ, Stewart TD, Williams S, Tipper JL, Ingham E, Stone MH, Davies C, Hatto P, Bolton J, Riley M, Hardaker C, Isaac GH, Berry G. Wear of surface engineered metal-on-metal hip prostheses. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2004; 15:225-235. [PMID: 15334994 DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsm.0000015482.24542.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The wear of existing metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses (1 mm3/million cycles) is much lower than the more widely used polyethylene-on-metal bearings (30-100 mm3/million cycles). However, there remain some potential concerns about the toxicity of metal wear particles and elevated metal ion levels, both locally and systemically in the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the wear, wear debris and ion release of fully coated surface engineered MOM bearings for hip prostheses. Using a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator, five different bearing systems involving three thick (8-12 microm) coatings, TiN, CrN and CrCN, and one thin (2 microm) coating diamond like carbon (DLC) were evaluated and compared to a clinically used MOM cobalt chrome alloy bearing couple. The overall wear rates of the surface engineered prostheses were at least 18-fold lower than the traditional MOM prostheses after 2 million cycles and 36-fold lower after 5 million cycles. Consequently, the volume of wear debris and the ion levels in the lubricants were substantially lower. These parameters were also much lower than in half coated (femoral heads only) systems that have been reported previously. The extremely low volume of wear debris and concentration of metal ions released by these surface engineered systems, especially with CrN and CrCN coatings, have considerable potential for the clinical application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fisher
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group (iMBE), School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Soydemir DF, Riley M, Baker PN, Lee YL, Taggart MJ. Investigation of the involvement of rho-kinase (ROK) in agonist-induced contractions of rat and human uterine smooth muscle. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/713938644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fisher J, Hu XQ, Tipper JL, Stewart TD, Williams S, Stone MH, Davies C, Hatto P, Bolton J, Riley M, Hardaker C, Isaac GH, Berry G, Ingham E. An in vitro study of the reduction in wear of metal-on-metal hip prostheses using surface-engineered femoral heads. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2002; 216:219-30. [PMID: 12206518 DOI: 10.1243/09544110260138709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the wear of existing metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses (1 mm3/10(6) cycles) is much lower than the more widely used polyethylene-on-metal bearings, there are concerns about the toxicity of metal wear particles and elevated metal ion levels, both locally and systemically, in the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of reducing the volume of wear, the concentration of metal debris and the level of metal ion release through using surface-engineered femoral heads. Three thick (8-12 microm) coatings (TiN, CrN and CrCN) and one thin (2 microm) coating (diamond-like carbon, DLC), were evaluated on the femoral heads when articulating against high carbon content cobalt-chromium alloy acetabular inserts (HC CoCrMo) and compared with a clinically used MOM cobalt-chromium alloy bearing couple using a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator (Leeds Mark II). This study showed that CrN, CrCN and DLC coatings produced substantially lower wear volumes for both the coated femoral heads and the HC CoCrMo inserts. The TiN coating itself had little wear, but it caused relatively high wear of the HC CoCrMo inserts compared with the other coatings. The majority of the wear debris for all half-coated couples comprised small, 30 nm or less, CoCrMo metal particles. The Co, Cr and Mo ion concentrations released from the bearing couples of CrN-, CrCN- and DLC-coated heads articulating against HC CoCrMo inserts were at least 7 times lower than those released from the clinical MOM prostheses. These surface-engineered femoral heads articulating on HC CoCrMo acetabular inserts produced significantly lower wear volumes and rates, and hence lower volumetric concentrations of wear particles, compared with the clinical MOM prosthesis. The substantially lower ion concentration released by these surface-engineered components provides important evidence to support the clinical application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fisher
- Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
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Abstract
Hypoventilation secondary to brainstem stroke resulting in chronic respiratory failure is extremely uncommon. This case documents the treatment of chronic type II respiratory failure secondary to central hypoventilation with medroxyprogesterone, a new treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smyth
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Investigation Centre, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK.
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Watters J, Riley M, Pedley I, Whitehead A, Overend M, Goss I, Allgar V. The development of a protocol for the use of 5-HT3 antagonists in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2002; 13:422-6. [PMID: 11824878 DOI: 10.1053/clon.2001.9305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three 5-HT3 antagonists in routine clinical practice. The ultimate aim was to develop an antiemetic protocol, selecting a single 5-HT3 antagonist. Each of the drugs was studied for a 4-month period and data was collected from patients on nausea, vomiting (both acute and delayed) and side-effects by means of a diary card. A total of 274 patients were enrolled into the study. Success rates for acute emesis seen over the study period were in excess of 90%. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the three drugs investigated with respect to both acute and delayed nausea and vomiting. Similarly, there was no difference between the three groups for the incidence of constipation, diarrhoea and headache. Granisetron demonstrated a lesser deviation from the protocol in respect of the number of intravenous doses given to patients. The study allowed an effective 5-HT3 antagonist protocol to be developed for use in the management of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watters
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cookridge Hospital, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- P Liang
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Molecular Evolution and Comparative Biology, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Abstract
Escherichia coli has been a popular organism for studying metabolic pathways. In an attempt to find out more about how these pathways are constructed, the enzymes were analysed by defining their protein domains. Structural assignments and sequence comparisons were used to show that 213 domain families constitute approximately 90% of the enzymes in the small-molecule metabolic pathways. Catalytic or cofactor-binding properties between family members are often conserved, while recognition of the main substrate with change in catalytic mechanism is only observed in a few cases of consecutive enzymes in a pathway. Recruitment of domains across pathways is very common, but there is little regularity in the pattern of domains in metabolic pathways. This is analogous to a mosaic in which a stone of a certain colour is selected to fill a position in the picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Teichmann
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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Watters J, Riley M, Pedley I, Whitehead A, Overend M, Goss I, Allgar V. The Development of a Protocol for the Use of 5-HT3 Antagonists in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s001740170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
An enriched classification system for cellular functions of gene products of Escherichia coli K-12 was developed based on the initial classification by Riley. In the new classification scheme, MultiFun, cellular functions are divided into 10 major categories: Metabolism, Information Transfer, Regulation, Transport, Cell Processes, Cell Structure, Location, Extra-chromosomal Origin, DNA Site, and Cryptic Gene. These major categories are further sub-divided into a hierarchical scheme. Two thousand nine hundred twenty-two gene products of E. coli K-12 were assigned to one or more functions depending on the role they play in the cell. Functional assignments were made to 66% of E. coli gene products, ranging from 1 to 16 assignments per gene product. The expansion of cellular function categories and the assignment to more than one category (multifunction) provides a more complete description of the gene products and their roles and hence better reflects the functional complexity of organisms. We believe this classification system will be useful in the field of genome analysis, both for annotation purposes and for comparative studies. The functional classification scheme and the cellular function assignments made to E. coli gene products can be accessed from the web at the databases GenProtEC (http://genprotec.mbl.edu) and EcoCyc (http://www.ecocyc.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Serres
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Teichmann SA, Rison SC, Thornton JM, Riley M, Gough J, Chothia C. The evolution and structural anatomy of the small molecule metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 2001; 311:693-708. [PMID: 11518524 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 106 small molecule metabolic (SMM) pathways in Escherichia coli are formed by the protein products of 581 genes. We can define 722 domains, nearly all of which are homologous to proteins of known structure, that form all or part of 510 of these proteins. This information allows us to answer general questions on the structural anatomy of the SMM pathway proteins and to trace family relationships and recruitment events within and across pathways. Half the gene products contain a single domain and half are formed by combinations of between two and six domains. The 722 domains belong to one of 213 families that have between one and 51 members. Family members usually conserve their catalytic or cofactor binding properties; substrate recognition is rarely conserved. Of the 213 families, members of only a quarter occur in isolation, i.e. they form single-domain proteins. Most members of the other families combine with domains from just one or two other families and a few more versatile families can combine with several different partners. Excluding isoenzymes, more than twice as many homologues are distributed across pathways as within pathways. However, serial recruitment, with two consecutive enzymes both being recruited to another pathway, is rare and recruitment of three consecutive enzymes is not observed. Only eight of the 106 pathways have a high number of homologues. Homology between consecutive pairs of enzymes with conservation of the main substrate-binding site but change in catalytic mechanism (which would support a simple model of retrograde pathway evolution) occurs only six times in the whole set of enzymes. Most of the domains that form SMM pathways have homologues in non-SMM pathways. Taken together, these results imply a pervasive "mosaic" model for the formation of protein repertoires and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Teichmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Abstract
The most prominent mechanism of molecular evolution is believed to have been duplication and divergence of genes. Proteins that belong to sequence-related groups in any one organism are candidates to have emerged from such a process and to share a common ancestor. Groups of proteins in Escherichia coli having sequence similarity are mostly composed of proteins with closely related function, but some groups comprise proteins with unrelated functions. In order to understand how function can change while sequences remain similar, we have examined some of these groups in detail. The enzymes analyzed in this work include representatives of amidotransferases, phosphotransferases, decarboxylases, and others. Most sequence-related groups contain enzymes that are in the same classes of Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers. We have concentrated on groups that are heterogeneous in that respect, and also on groups containing more than one enzyme of any pathway. We find that although the EC number may differ, the reaction chemistry of these sequence-related proteins is the same or very similar. Some of these families illustrate how diversification has taken place in evolution, using common features of either reaction chemistry or ligand specificity, or both, to create catalysts for different kinds of biochemical reactions. This information has relevance to the area of functional genomics in which the activities of gene products of unknown reading frames are attributed by analogy to the functions of sequence-related proteins of known function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Nahum
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center-Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1015, USA
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50
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Abstract
We present a summary of recent progress in understanding Escherichia coli K-12 gene and protein functions. New information has come both from classical biological experimentation and from using the analytical tools of functional genomics. The content of the E. coli genome can clearly be seen to contain elements acquired by horizontal transfer. Nevertheless, there is probably a large, stable core of >3500 genes that are shared among all E. coli strains. The gene-enzyme relationship is examined, and, in many cases, it exhibits complexity beyond a simple one-to-one relationship. Also, the E. coli genome can now be seen to contain many multiple enzymes that carry out the same or closely similar reactions. Some are similar in sequence and may share common ancestry; some are not. We discuss the concept of a minimal genome as being variable among organisms and obligatorily linked to their life styles and defined environmental conditions. We also address classification of functions of gene products and avenues of insight into the history of protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riley
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ,
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