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Sabatier P, Wack M, Pouchot J, Danchin N, Jannot AS. A data-driven pipeline to extract potential adverse drug reactions through prescription, procedures and medical diagnoses analysis: application to a cohort study of 2,010 patients taking hydroxychloroquine with an 11-year follow-up. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:166. [PMID: 35676635 PMCID: PMC9175346 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Real-life data consist of exhaustive data which are not subject to selection bias. These data enable to study drug-safety profiles but are underused because of their temporality, necessitating complex models (i.e., safety depends on the dose, timing, and duration of treatment). We aimed to create a data-driven pipeline strategy that manages the complex temporality of real-life data to highlight the safety profile of a given drug. Methods We proposed to apply the weighted cumulative exposure (WCE) statistical model to all health events occurring after a drug introduction (in this paper HCQ) and performed bootstrap to select relevant diagnoses, drugs and interventions which could reflect an adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We applied this data-driven pipeline on a French national medico-administrative database to extract the safety profile of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) from a cohort of 2,010 patients. Results The proposed method selected eight drugs (metopimazine, anethole trithione, tropicamide, alendronic acid & colecalciferol, hydrocortisone, chlormadinone, valsartan and tixocortol), twelve procedures (six ophthalmic procedures, two dental procedures, two skin lesions procedures and osteodensitometry procedure) and two medical diagnoses (systemic lupus erythematous, unspecified and discoid lupus erythematous) to be significantly associated with HCQ exposure. Conclusion We provide a method extracting the broad spectrum of diagnoses, drugs and interventions associated to any given drug, potentially highlighting ADRs. Applied to hydroxychloroquine, this method extracted among others already known ADRs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01628-3. • The challenge of drug-safety signal detection methods is to handle four types of difficulties: ○ The data source, the study of long-term adverse drug reactions or effects not suspected by healthcare professionals, requires the use of a real-life data source. ○ The consideration of a broad spectrum of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and not only candidate ADRs. ○ The temporal impact (meaning that safety depends on the dose, date and duration of treatment). ○ The difference between true ADRs and disease natural course. • We aimed to create a data-driven pipeline strategy, without any assumption of any ADRs, which take into account the complex temporality of real-life data to provide the safety profile of a given drug. • Our pipeline used three sources of real-life data to establish a safety profile of a given drug: drug prescriptions, procedures and medical diagnoses. • We successfully applied our data-driven pipeline strategy to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Our pipeline enabled us to find diagnoses, drugs and interventions related to HCQ and which could reflect an ADR due to HCQ or the disease itself. • This data-driven pipeline strategy may be of interest to other experts involved in the pharmacovigilance discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sabatier
- Inria, HeKA, PariSantéCampus, 10 Rue d'Oradour-sur-Glane, 75015, Paris, France. .,Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France. .,AP-HP: Medical Informatics Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - M Wack
- Inria, HeKA, PariSantéCampus, 10 Rue d'Oradour-sur-Glane, 75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP: Medical Informatics Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - J Pouchot
- AP-HP: Department of Cardiology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France
| | - N Danchin
- AP-HP: Department of Internal Medicine, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France
| | - A S Jannot
- Inria, HeKA, PariSantéCampus, 10 Rue d'Oradour-sur-Glane, 75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP: Medical Informatics Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
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Okamba-Belle D, Fayol A, Wack M, Hirlemann M, Domenge O, Jannot AS, Czernichow S, Hulot JS, Carette C. Dépistage de l’insuffisance cardiaque par dosage systématique du BNP dans une cohorte de patients avec obésité sévère : étude OLECOEUR. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sabatier P, Wack M, Pouchot J, Danchin N, Jannot A. Nouvelle méthode pour extraire le spectre d’effets secondaires d’un médicament en analysant les co-prescriptions : application à une étude de cohorte de 2010 patients sous hydroxychloroquine avec un suivi de 11 ans. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Faivre JC, Bibault JE, Bellesoeur A, Salleron J, Wack M, Biau J, Cervellera M, Janoray G, Leroy T, Lescut N, Martin V, Molina S, Pichon B, Teyssier C, Thureau S, Mazeron JJ, Roché H, Culine S. Choosing a career in oncology: results of a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:15. [PMID: 29334939 PMCID: PMC5769332 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is currently available concerning young medical students desire to pursue a career in oncology, or their career expectations. METHODS This project is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. A voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all young oncologists studying in France between the 2nd of October 2013 and the 23rd of February 2014. RESULTS The overall response rate was 75.6%. A total of 505 young oncologists completed the questionnaire. The main determining factors in the decision to practice oncology were the cross-sectional nature of the field (70.8%), the depth and variety of human relations (56.3%) and the multi-disciplinary field of work (50.2%). Most residents would like to complete a rotation outside of their assigned region (59.2%) or abroad (70.2%) in order to acquire additional expertise (67.7%). In addition, most interns would like to undertake a fellowship involving care, teaching and research in order to hone their skills (85.7%) and forge a career in public hospitals (46.4%). Career prospects mainly involve salaried positions in public hospitals. Many young oncologists are concerned about their professional future, due to the shortage of openings (40.8%), the workload (52.8%) and the lack of work-life balance (33.4%). CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides a comprehensive profile of the reasons young oncologists chose to pursue a career in oncology, and their career prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Faivre
- Academic Radiation Oncology & Brachytherapy Department, Lorraine Institute of Cancerology - Alexis-Vautrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Paris (Georges Pompidou European Hospital), 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Academic Department of Radiation Therapy & Brachytherapy, Lorraine Institute of Cancerology – Alexis-Vautrin CLCC [Centre de lutte contre le cancer – Cancer Centre] – Unicancer, 6 avenue de Bourgogne –CS 30 519, cedex F-54 511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J. E. Bibault
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Paris (Georges Pompidou European Hospital), 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, 12 rue de l’Ecole de médicine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Bellesoeur
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Paris (Teaching Hospital Cochin), 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- French Resident’s and Fellow’s Association for Teaching and Research in Oncology (AERIO), 149 avenue du Maine, 75014 Paris, France
| | - J. Salleron
- Biostatistics Department, Lorraine Institute of Cancerology - Alexis-Vautrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, F-54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M. Wack
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, University Hospital of Nancy, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-nancy, France
| | - J. Biau
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University of Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M. Cervellera
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, Jean Godinot Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 1 rue du Général Koenig, 51726 Reims, France
| | - G. Janoray
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- S. Kaplan Cancer Centre, Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - T. Leroy
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Academic Radiation Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - N. Lescut
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - V. Martin
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Paris (Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital), 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Paris, France
- Paris Sud University, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94276 Orsay, France
| | - S. Molina
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - B. Pichon
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, René-Gauducheau Comprehensive Cancer Centre, boulevard Jacques Monod, 44805 Nantes, Saint-Herblain France
| | - C. Teyssier
- French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), Centre Antoine-Béclère, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75005 Paris, France
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - S. Thureau
- Radiation Oncology & Medical Physics Department, Henri-Becquerel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, rue d’Amiens, 76000 Rouen, France
- EA4108 QuantIf Litis, University of Rouen, 22 boulevard Gambetta, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J. J. Mazeron
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Paris (Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital), 83 boulevard de l’hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - H. Roché
- Oncopole Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 36000 Toulouse, France
| | - S. Culine
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Paris (Saint-Louis Hospital), 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, 16 rue Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
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Faivre JC, Agopiantz M, Loeb E, Cassinari K, Wack M, Catoire P, Braun M, Thilly N, Coudane H. [Evaluation of the theoretical teaching of postgraduate medical students in France]. Rev Med Interne 2015; 36:579-87. [PMID: 25980929 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In France, medical students regularly complain about the shortcomings of their theoretical training and the necessity of its adaptation to better fit the needs of students. The goal was to evaluate the theoretical teaching practices in postgraduate medical studies by: 1) collecting data from medical students in different medical faculties in France; 2) comparing this data with expected practices when it is possible; 3) and proposing several lines of improvement. METHODS A survey of theoretical practices in the 3rd cycle of medical studies was conducted by self-administered questionnaires which were free of charge, anonymous, and administered electronically from July 3 to October 31, 2013 to all medical students in France. RESULTS National, inter-regional, regional and field internship educational content was absent in respectively 50.5%, 42.8%, 26.0% and 30.2% of cases. Medical students follow complementary training due to insufficient DES and/or DESC 2 training in 43.7% of cases or as part of a professional project in 54.9% of cases. The knowledge sought by medical students concerns the following crosscutting topics: career development (58.9%), practice management (50.7%), medical English (50.4%) and their specialty organization (49.9%). Fifty-four point one percent would like to be evaluated on their theoretical training on an annual basis. CONCLUSION The results of this first national survey give insights into the theoretical teaching conditions in postgraduate medical education in France and the aspirations of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Faivre
- Université de Lorraine, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département universitaire de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 6, avenue de Bourgogne, CS 30519, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; Inter syndicat national des internes, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - M Agopiantz
- Université de Lorraine, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inter syndicat national des internes, 75005 Paris, France; Département d'endocrinologie et de gynécologie médicale, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - E Loeb
- Inter syndicat national des internes, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; Département de psychiatrie, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - K Cassinari
- Inter syndicat national des internes, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Wack
- Université de Lorraine, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Service d'épidémiologie et évaluation cliniques, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Catoire
- Université de Lille 2 droit et santé, 59000 Lille, France; Association nationale des étudiants en médecine de France, 75020 Paris, France
| | - M Braun
- Université de Lorraine, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de neuroradiologie, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N Thilly
- Université de Lorraine, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Service d'épidémiologie et évaluation cliniques, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - H Coudane
- Université de Lorraine, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de médecine légale, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Conférence des doyens des facultés de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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Abstract
The influences of different arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) on proliferation and IgM-production of mouse lymphocytes as well as nitrite- and IL6-production of mouse macrophages were investigated in vitro. AGPs have been isolated and purified from roots of Baptisia tinctoria and Echinacea pallida and suspension culture of Echinacea purpurea. Comparing the AGPs, there are differences with regard to fine structure as well as to activities. AGPs from roots of B. tinctoria and E. pallida show high activity in all test systems. AGP from cell culture of E. purpurea shows no influence on proliferation of mouse lymphocytes, only weak influence on the IgM-production of mouse lymphocytes and weak stimulation of nitrite- and IL6-production in alveolar mouse macrophage culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Classen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Abstract
The clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of an antimicrobial control program (ACP) were studied. The impact of an ACP in a teaching hospital was analyzed by comparing clinical outcomes and intravenous antimicrobial costs over two two-year periods, the two years before the program and the first two years after the program's inception. Admission baseline data, length of stay, mortality, and readmission rates were gathered for each patient. Patients were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed for mortality and for lengths of stay of 12 or more days. The acquisition costs of intravenous antimicrobial agents for the second baseline year and the entire program period were tabulated and compared. The average daily inpatient census was determined. The ACP was associated with a 2.4-day decrease in length of stay and a reduction in mortality from 8.28% to 6.61%. Rates of readmission for infection within 30 days of discharge remained about the same. Inpatient pharmacy costs other than intravenous antimicrobials decreased an average of only 5.7% over the two program years, but the acquisition cost of intravenous antimicrobials for both program years yielded a total cost saving of $291,885, a reduction of 30.8%. The institution's average daily census fell 19% between the second baseline year and the second program year. An ACP directed by a clinical pharmacist trained in infectious diseases was associated with improvements in inpatient length of stay and mortality. The ACP decreased intravenous antimicrobial costs and facilitated the approval process for restricted and nonformulary antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Gentry
- Pharmacy Service, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, OK 73104, USA.
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Hensley K, Maidt ML, Pye QN, Stewart CA, Wack M, Tabatabaie T, Floyd RA. Quantitation of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical array detection. Anal Biochem 1997; 251:187-95. [PMID: 9299015 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been implicated in myriad disease etiologies and may represent an obligate pathologic sequelus of inflammation. Unfortunately, few sensitive and specific analytical techniques exist for the routine assay of biomarkers indicative of ROS and RNS elaboration. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography is used in conjunction with coulometric electrochemical array (HPLC-EC) detection to allow ultrasensitive determination of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (3-hydroxytyrosine) as specific in situ biomarkers of protein exposure to reactive nitrating and oxidizing species. Tyrosine and derivatives can be analyzed simultaneously with practical detection limits for tyrosine, 3-NT, and 3,4-Dopa being 10, 50, and 2 pmol, respectively, in as little as 20 microL of sample. HPLC-EC array detection allows two-dimensional resolution of chromatograms, greatly facilitating peak detection and confidence assignment. A method of sample preparation wherein tyrosine analogs are enzymatically hydrolyzed from protein without the need for sample extraction, concentration, or derivatization is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hensley
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
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Komuniecki R, Wack M, Coulson M. Regulation of the Ascaris suum pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1983; 8:165-76. [PMID: 6877284 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(83)90007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex isolated from 'anaerobic' mitochondria of Ascaris suum has a subunit composition similar to complexes isolated from most other eukaryotic organisms and is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity is stimulated by NADH and a number of physiologically important acyl-CoA intermediates and is inhibited by CoA, propionate, tiglate and pyruvate. It is suggested that the elevated levels of pyruvate observed in the ascarid organelle may be important in maintaining the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in an active state, even in the presence of a reduced pyridine nucleotide pool.
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Abstract
1. The amino acid metabolism of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta was investigated. 2. In addition to the characteristic end products of helminth metabolism, H. diminuta also forms substantial amounts of 14C-alanine during incubations in 14C-glucose. 3. Of 10 amino acids tested, only 14C-labelled asparate and, to a lesser extent alanine, generated substantial amounts of 14CO2 when incubated with H. diminuta. 4. 14C-aspartate was incorporated into both succinate and acetate, major products of the worms mitochondrial metabolism, but the rates were low when compared to the metabolism of exogenous glycogen. 5. These results suggest that amino acid metabolism in H. diminuta is very limited.
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