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Luo MZ, Xu T, Xue XH, Wang YP, Wu PL, Chen XM, Tang XM, Zhao XD, Zhang ZY. [De novo NFκB2 gene mutation associated common variable immunodeficiency]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2018; 56:628-632. [PMID: 30078247 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical, immunological, and molecular manifestations of nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 2 (NFκB2) gene mutation associated common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) . Methods: A 14-month-old boy diagnosed with NFκB2-mutated CVID was admitted into Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in December 2015. The clinical manifestations, biochemical tests, immunological function, molecular features, treatment, and follow-up of the patient were analyzed. The Chinese and PUBMED databases were searched with the key words "NFκB2" and "immune deficiency" and related literatures were reviewed. Results: The patient had 4 episodes of pneumonias and one otitis media since the age of 6 months. The serum immunoglobulin levels were IgG 2.73 g/L, IgA<0.07 g/L, and IgM 0.12 g/L. The percentage of peripheral lymphocyte subsets demonstrated increased CD3(+)T lymphocyte (81.8%), increased CD4(+) naïve T cell (39.1%), normal B cell (14.1%), low switched memory B and plasmablast B (respectively 0.1% and 0), and lightly diminished natural killer(NK) cell (4.13%). Within the peripheral CD4(+)T cells, the percentage of regulatory T cells (1.49% (control 4.08%)), T follicular helper (3.66% (control 11.0%)), and T helper 17 (9.65% (control 15.7%)) were decreased, while the percentage of T helper 2 (60.9% (control 46.5%)) was elevated. T lymphocyte proliferative response and T cell receptor repertoire diversity were normal. NK-cell cytotoxic activity was impaired. The whole-exome sequencing harbored a de novo heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 22 (c.2557C>T; p. Arg853X) in the C-terminus of NF-κB2. The western blotting confirmed the decreased expression of NF-κB2 (p52) protein. The patient received intravenous immunoglobulin infusion monthly (400-600 mg/kg), followed by improvement of pulmonary infection. After searching the databases, a total of 28 cases (1 Chinese and 27 non-Chinese) were identified. There were 12 cases of nonsense mutation (5 were gain-of-function mutation), and 8 cases of missense and frameshift mutations, respectively. The main clinical manifestation was respiratory infection, followed by autoimmune diseases such as alopecia and trachyonychia. Fifteen cases developed adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Conclusions: NF-κB2 signaling pathway played an important role in T and B lymphocyte differentiation, and NK-cell cytotoxic activity. NFκB2 mutation should be considered in cases with recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and decreased memory B cells and plasma cells, especially when combined with ACTH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
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Gu ZC, Shang LY, Chen JS, Zheng X, Su YJ, Li AM, Liu H, Luo MZ, Qian HL, Tang LH. [The role of Anopheles anthropophagus in malaria transmission in in Xinyang City of Henan Province]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 19:221-4. [PMID: 12571970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of Anopheles anthropophagus in malaria transmission and transmission threshold so as to provide basis for vector surveillance and malaria control strategy. METHODS Parasitological and entomological methods were used in the investigation at 5 villages of Xinyang City, Henan Province. RESULTS From July to August, 1999, 74 febrile cases (10.9% of the total population) were examined. Among them 50 were infected, the incidence in the population of surveyed spots was 7.4%. Active detection was made in another randomly selected two villages and found that the parasite rate in the inhabitants was 2.0%, and the positive rate of IFA was 8.4%. Only vivax malaria was detected. An. anthropophagus and An. sinensis were collected, with An. anthropophagus as the predominant one in human dwellings. The estimated man-biting rate and the human blood index were 4.9388 and 0.7858 respectively. The vectorial capacity of An. anthropophagus was 5.5296. The critical man-biting rate of An. anthropophagus was 0.2407 as calculated by the formula (ma = -rlnP/abPh) according to Macdonald's model. The local man-biting rate was 20 times higher than that of the critical man-biting rate. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that An. anthropophagus is the principal vector in malaria transmission in the area. The findings imply that the critical man-biting rate is of practicable importance in vector surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Gu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025
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Luo MZ, Zheng X, Shang LY, Chen JF, Zhu WD, Tang LH. [Practicability of IFAT using Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium falciparum antigens in different malarious areas]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 18:49-51. [PMID: 12567477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the practicability of IFAT in different malarious areas using Plasmodium cynomolgi(P.c.) and Plasmodium falciparum(P.f.) antigens. METHODS This survey was carried out in Yaliang Township of Sanya City, Hainan Province, where a mixed malaria is endemic, and in Tongbo County, Henan Province where only vivax malaria is endemic, and in Weihui City, Henan Province where vivax malaria has been under effective control since 1994-1998. RESULTS In Yaliang Township, 310 blood samples were examined, the antibody positive rates with P.c. and P.f. were 37.4% and 31.3%, respectively, the rate of coincidence being 83.9%. In Tongbo County, 300 blood samples were examined. The antibody positive rates with P.c. and P.f. were 23.0% and 9.7%, respectively (P < 0.01). Another 245 blood samples from children were examined in Weihui City and the antibody positive rates were below 1% with two antigens, while the positive antibody rate was 3.3% with P.f. antigen. CONCLUSION Both P.f. and P.c. antigens could be used in malaria antibody surveillance in mixted endemic areas, while in vivax malaria endemic areas, P.c. antigen was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Luo
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, 200025
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis of halogen-substituted 3-deazaadenosine and 3-deazaguanosine analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1975-2000. [PMID: 11794802 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Various 2-halogen-substituted analogues (38, 39, 43 and 44), 3-halogen-substituted analogues (51 and 52), and 2',3'-dihalogen-substituted analogues (57-60) of 3-deazaadenosine and 3-halogen-substituted analogues (61 and 62) of 3-deazaguanosine have been synthesized as potential anticancer and/or antiviral agents. Among these compounds, 3-deaza-3-bromoguanosine (62) showed significant cytotoxicity against L1210, P388, CCRF-CEM and B16F10 cell lines in vitro, producing IC50 values of 3, 7, 9 and 7 microM, respectively. Several 3-deazaadenosine analogues (38, 51, 57 and 59) showed moderate to weak activity against hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Progam, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of L- and D-configurations of 2',3'-dideoxy-4'-C-methyl-3'-oxacytidine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2301-4. [PMID: 11527719 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel L- and D-configuration 2',3'-dideoxy-4'-C-methyl-3'-oxacytidine and their 5-fluoro analogues have been synthesized from 1-benzyloxy-2-propanone and L-ascorbic acid in eight steps and evaluated for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Abstract
A transmission near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method for quantification of potency and lipids in monensin fermentation broth was developed and validated. Two multiple linear regression calibration curves were established for a set of 100 fermentation samples, correlating the appropriate absorption bands in the NIR spectrum to the laboratory reference methods; high-performance liquid chromatography for potency, and chloroform extraction for lipids. During method development, potency was found to be well correlated to NIR absorbances specific for monensin. While acceptable, correlation of NIR absorbances characteristic of oil to the chloroform lipid method was weaker due to a greater amount of relative variation in the lipid measurements. Following establishment of the optimal calibration curves, the NIR method for potency and lipids was validated for selectivity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. In order to investigate long-term drift in the measurement system, samples were tested both by the NIR and the reference methods over a 7-month period. The differences between results from the two measurements were calculated and statistically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Forbes
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Abstract
The influence of raising the bath temperature (39 degrees C) on synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity was studied in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus using an extracellular recording technique. Increasing the bath temperature from 32 to 39 degrees C resulted in a depression of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP). Application of the selective A(1) receptor agonist, 2-chloro-adenosine (2-CADO, 1 microM) reduced the fEPSP and subsequently occluded the raised temperature-induced synaptic depression. On the other hand, the selective adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) blocked depression of fEPSP produced by raising the temperature. These results suggest that raising temperature-induced synaptic depression is due to an alteration of extracellular adenosine concentration. Long-term depression (LTD) could be reliably induced by the standard low-frequency stimulation (LFS, 1 Hz for 15 min) protocol at 32 degrees C but not at 39 degrees C. The raised temperature-induced block of LTD was mimicked by 2-CADO. Unexpectedly, despite the presence of DPCPX, LFS still could not elicit LTD. NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic component (fEPSP(NMDA)) was decreased when increasing the temperature to 39 degrees C and DPCPX failed to reverse such a depression. The increase in the NMDA response in 0.1 mM Mg(++) compared with 1 mM Mg(++) was significantly greater at 32 degrees C than at 39 degrees C. These results suggest that, by increasing the sensitivity of Mg(++) block, an increase in temperature modulates NMDA responses and thereby inhibits the induction of LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Young
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin HC, Wang SJ, Luo MZ, Gean PW. Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors induces long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the rat amygdala. J Neurosci 2000; 20:9017-24. [PMID: 11124977 PMCID: PMC6773010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An animal model most sensitive for measuring anticipatory anxiety is fear conditioning, which is expressed by an enduring increase in synaptic strength in the amygdala. A converse view predicts that agents that induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy in the amygdala may be useful in the amelioration of stress disorders. In the present study, we show that activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR II) by (2S,3S, 4S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl) glycine (l-ccg) induces an LTD in the basolateral amygdala neurons. The effect was concentration-dependent with a maximal inhibition of approximately 30%. The induction of l-CCG LTD required concurrent synaptic activity, required presynaptic but not postsynaptic Ca(2+) increases, and was independent of NMDA receptors. l-CCG LTD was associated with an increase in the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation and was not occluded by low-frequency stimulation-induced LTD, suggesting that these two forms of LTD did not share a common underlying mechanism. After eliciting LTD with l-CCG, application of isoproterenol increased the synaptic responses back to its original baseline, demonstrating that chemically depressed synapses could be potentiated by another chemical. A selective PKA inhibitor, KT 5720, by its own caused a depression of synaptic transmission and blocked l-CCG LTD, presumably by mimicking and thereby occluding any further depression. Together, these results suggest that l-CCG LTD is induced by presynaptically mGluR II-mediated inhibition of Ca(2+)-sensitive adenylyl cyclase, resulting in a decrease in cAMP formation and PKA activation, which leads to a long-lasting decrease in transmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
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Luo MZ, Liu MC, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of L- and D-configuration 1,3-dioxolane 5-azacytosine and 6-azathymine nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2145-8. [PMID: 10999490 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel L- and D-configuration dioxolane 5-azacytosine and 6-azathymine nucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated for biological activity. (-)-(2S,4S)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-5-azacytosine (6) showed significant activity against HBV, whereas the D-configuration analogue (14) has been found to exhibit potent anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3-oxathiolane 5-azapyrimidine, 6-azapyrimidine, and fluorosubstituted 3-deazapyrimidine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:603-18. [PMID: 10843496 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008035011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
(2R,5S)-5-Amino-2-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]- 1,2,4-triazine-3(2H)-one (8) and (2R,5R)-5-amino-2-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1,2,4-tr iazine-3(2H)-one (9) have been synthesized via a multi-step procedure from 6-azauridine. (2R,5S)-4-Amino-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1,3, 5-triazine-2(1H)-one (11) and (2R,5R)-4-amino-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]- 1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-one (12), and the fluorosubstituted 3-deazanucleosides (19-24) have been synthesized by the transglycosylation of (2R,5S)-1-[2-[[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl) oxy]methyl]-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl] cytosine (2) with silylated 5-azacytosine and the corresponding silylated fluorosubstituted 3-deazacytosines, respectively, in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as the catalyst in anhydrous dichloroethane, followed by deprotection of the blocking groups. These compounds were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against L1210, B16F10, and CCRF-CEM tumor cell lines and for antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis of 2'-methylene-substituted 5-azapyrimidine, 6-azapyrimidine, and 3-deazaguanine nucleoside analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:55-72. [PMID: 10048223 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908045594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2'-Deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azauridine (5) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azacytidine (8) have been synthesized via a multi-step procedure from 6-azauridine. 2'-Deoxy-2'-methylene-5-azacytidine (14a) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-3-deazaguanosine (19a) and their corresponding alpha-anomers (14b and 19b) have been synthesized by the transglycosylation of 3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3- tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-methyleneu ridine (12) with silylated 5-azacytosine and silylated N2-palmitoyl-3-deazaguanine, respectively, in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as the catalyst in anhydrous dichloroethane, followed by separation of the isomers and deprotection of the blocking groups. These compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against B16F10, L1210, and CCRF-CEM tumor cell lines and for antiviral activity against HIV-1, HSV-1, and HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA
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Luo MZ, Cella R. Amplification of gene-regulating regions with single-sided specificity. Methods Mol Biol 1997; 67:239-45. [PMID: 9031149 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-483-6:239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Z Luo
- Dipartmento de Genetica e Microbiologia, Università Pavia, Italy
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Lin TS, Luo MZ, Liu MC, Zhu YL, Gullen E, Dutschman GE, Cheng YC. Design and synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-d4C) and 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), two exceptionally potent inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. J Med Chem 1996; 39:1757-9. [PMID: 8627596 DOI: 10.1021/jm950836q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T S Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA
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Lin TS, Luo MZ, Liu MC, Pai SB, Dutschman GE, Cheng YC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxy-L-pyrimidine nucleosides as potential antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). J Med Chem 1994; 37:798-803. [PMID: 8145230 DOI: 10.1021/jm00032a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Various 2',3'-dideoxy-L-cytidine,2',3'-dideoxy-L-uridine, and 3'-deoxy-L-thymidine analogues have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro as potential anti-HIV and anti-HBV agents. Coupling of 1-O-acetyl-5-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2,3-dideoxy-L-ribofuranose (1) with silylated derivatives of 5-fluorocytosine, cytosine, 5-fluorouracil, uracil, and thymine in the presence of ethylaluminum dichloride gave the corresponding nucleosides 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, and 18 as a mixture of alpha- and beta-anomers, which were then deblocked to yield the corresponding 2',3'-dideoxy-L-5-fluorocytidine derivatives, 6 and 7, 2',3'-dideoxy-L-cytidine derivatives, 8 and 9, 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-fluorouridine (13), 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-uridine (14), and 3'-deoxy-L-thymidine derivatives, 15 and 19. Among these 2',3'-dideoxy-L-nucleoside analogues, 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (6, beta-L-FddC) was found to be the most active against HIV-1, which is approximately 3 and 4 times more active against HIV-1 in vitro than 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-D-cytidine (ddC) and 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-D-5-fluorocytidine (beta-D-FddC) with ED50 values of 0.5, 1.5, and 2 microM, respectively. The dose-limiting toxicity of ddC is severe neuropathy which may be caused by the inhibition of the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. ddC has an IC50 value of 0.022 microM against host mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Conversely, the IC50 values for beta-L-FddC and beta-L-ddC are > 100 microM; therefore, neuropathy may not present itself to be a problem with beta-L-FddC and beta-L-ddC as chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, beta-L-FddC and 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-cytidine (8, beta-L-ddC) demonstrated equally potent activity against HBV in vitro by having the same ED50 value of 0.01 microM. Both beta-L-FddC and beta-L-ddC, which have an "unnatural" L-configuration in the sugar moiety, are approximately 1000 and 280 times more potent, respectively, against HBV than the D-configuration beta-D-FddC and ddC which have an ED50 values of 10 and 2.8 microM. In view of the potent antiviral activity of beta-L-FddC against both HIV-1 and HBV and potent antiviral activity of beta-L-ddC against HBV in vitro, their low cytotoxicity, and especially the negligible inhibitory effect on host mitochondrial DNA synthesis, beta-L-FddC and beta-L-ddC merit further development as potential anti-HIV and anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Lin TS, Luo MZ, Liu MC, Pai SB, Dutschman GE, Cheng YC. Antiviral activity of 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-FddC) and 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-ddC) against hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47:171-4. [PMID: 8304960 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
2',3'-Dideoxy-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-FddC) and 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-ddC), two nucleosides with "unnatural L-configuration," have been synthesized and found to have potent antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro with very little toxicity. At 1 microM, both beta-L-ddC and beta-L-FddC inhibited the growth of HBV by more than 90%, while at the same concentration the D-configuration counterparts, 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-D-cytidine (ddC) and 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-D-5-fluorocytidine (beta-D-FddC), did not show antiviral activity against HBV. The order of anti-HIV-1 activity was beta-L-FddC > ddC; beta-D-FddC > beta-L-ddC. The dose-limiting toxicity of ddC is neuropathy which is believed to be caused by the inhibition of the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. ddC severely inhibited the mitochondrial DNA synthesis of CEM cells yielding an IC50 value of 0.022 microM. Conversely, both beta-L-FddC and beta-L-ddC did not demonstrate any inhibition against mitochondrial DNA synthesis up to 100 microM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Lin TS, Luo MZ, Liu MC, Clarke-Katzenburg RH, Cheng YC, Prusoff WH, Mancini WR, Birnbaum GI, Gabe EJ, Giziewicz J. Synthesis and anticancer and antiviral activities of various 2'- and 3'-methylidene-substituted nucleoside analogues and crystal structure of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine hydrochloride. J Med Chem 1991; 34:2607-15. [PMID: 1652024 DOI: 10.1021/jm00112a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Various 2'- and 3'-methylidene-substituted nucleoside analogues have been synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer and/or antiviral agents. Among these compounds, 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidene-5-fluorocytidine (22) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (23) not only demonstrated potent anticancer activity in culture against murine L1210 and P388 leukemias, Sarcoma 180, and human CCRF-CEM lymphoblastic leukemia, producing ED50 values of 1.2 and 0.3 microM, 0.6 and 0.4 microM, 1.5 and 1.5 microM, and 0.05 and 0.03 microM, respectively, but also were active in mice against murine L1210 leukemia. Of all the tested drug dosage levels (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, respectively) compound 23 had no toxic deaths and compound 22 yielded only one toxic death at the highest dosage level. On the contrary, in the same study, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) resulted in 2/5, 5/5, and 5/5 toxic deaths, respectively. Both compounds 22 and 23 have shown better anticancer activity than ara-C, yielding higher T/C x 100 values and some long-term survivors (greater than 60 days). In addition, compounds 22 and 23 were found to have, respectively, approximately 130 and 40 times lower binding affinity for cytidine/deoxycytidine deaminase derived from human KB cells compared to ara-C, suggesting that the two 2'-methylidene-substituted analogues may be more resistant to deamination. Cytoplasmic deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was required for compounds 22 and 23 action. Furthermore, compounds 14, 22, 23, and 24 also have antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) activity in cell culture. In addition, the crystal structure of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine hydrochloride (23-HCl) was determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8066
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Li MD, Luo MZ, Zhang YN. [Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1988; 10:73-5. [PMID: 3416704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
From Apr. 1964 to Dec. 1985, the prognostic factors of 325 patients suffering from endometrial cancer treated by total hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection are analyzed. The results indicated that pelvic lymph node metastasis was related to the prognosis of this cancer, the 5-year survival rate was 86.56% in the negative group and 44.74% in the positive group (P less than 0.01). The factors leading to lymph node metastasis were: (1) The more advanced stage, the higher the pelvic lymph node metastatic rate (stage I 12.50%, II 27.16%, III 55.56%) (P less than 0.01); (2) The deeper the myometrial invasion, the higher the metastatic rate (no myometrial invasion 0%, superficial 8.25%, medium 36.96%, deep 40.74%) (P less than 0.01); (3) The higher the histological grade, the higher the metastatic rate (G1 12.50%, G2 21.57%, G3 30.00%) (P less than 0.05), implying that the histological grade is in direct proportion to the myometrial invasion and (4) The metastatic rate to pelvic lymph node is higher in the cervical invaded group than that without it (29.41% in the positive group and 15.42% in the negative group) (P less than 0.05). In this paper, the method of operation for endometrial cancer is discussed, suggesting that hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy be performed before opening the cavity of uterus. Should the cancer invades to a medium or deep degree in the myometrium, histological grade was high or the cervix was infiltrated pelvic lymph node dissection can be performed. After the operation, radiotherapy should be supplemented in those with positive lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Li
- Tumor Hospital, Zhongshan University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou
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Huang WZ, Luo MZ, Zhou MX, Pan XQ. [Study on the treatment of Plasmodium cynomolgi infections of the macaque with ketotifen]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1987; 22:409-12. [PMID: 3450138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Huang WZ, Zhang JX, Ye XY, Pan YR, Luo MZ, Lin BY, Wang LC, Ni QH. [System model of Plasmodium yoelii--Anopheles stephensi for screening tissue schizontocides]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1982; 4:229-33. [PMID: 6217911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chen C, Zheng XY, Zhu PE, Gao FH, Huang WZ, Ye XY, Pan YR, Luo MZ, Yu QF. [Synthesis of organic salts of primaquine and experimental observations on their radical cure activity against malaria (author's transl)]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1981; 16:897-901. [PMID: 6803515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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