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Nieuwenhuizen MS, Ebaid AHEF, Duin MV, Kieboom APG, Bekkum HV. Cation exchange in the system Ca(II) or Mg(II)/ complexing agent/zeolite NaA: equilibria and kinetics. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1984-210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Romero-Ruiz A, Skorupskaite K, Gaytan F, Torres E, Perdices-Lopez C, Mannaerts BM, Qi S, Leon S, Manfredi-Lozano M, Lopez-Rodriguez C, Avendaño MS, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Vazquez MJ, Pinilla L, van Duin M, Kohout TA, Anderson RA, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptin treatment induces gonadotropic responses and rescues ovulation in a subset of preclinical models and women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2495-2512. [PMID: 31820802 PMCID: PMC6936723 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can kisspeptin treatment induce gonadotrophin responses and ovulation in preclinical models and anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Kisspeptin administration in some anovulatory preclinical models and women with PCOS can stimulate reproductive hormone secretion and ovulation, albeit with incomplete efficacy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PCOS is a prevalent, heterogeneous endocrine disorder, characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and deregulated gonadotrophin secretion, in need of improved therapeutic options. Kisspeptins (encoded by Kiss1) are master regulators of the reproductive axis, acting mainly at GnRH neurons, with kisspeptins being an essential drive for gonadotrophin-driven ovarian follicular maturation and ovulation. Altered Kiss1 expression has been found in rodent models of PCOS, although the eventual pathophysiological role of kisspeptins in PCOS remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Gonadotrophin and ovarian/ovulatory responses to kisspeptin-54 (KP-54) were evaluated in three preclinical models of PCOS, generated by androgen exposures at different developmental windows, and a pilot exploratory cohort of anovulatory women with PCOS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Three models of PCOS were generated by exposure of female rats to androgens at different periods of development: PNA (prenatal androgenization; N = 20), NeNA (neonatal androgenization; N = 20) and PWA (post-weaning androgenization; N = 20). At adulthood (postnatal day 100), rats were subjected to daily treatments with a bolus of KP-54 (100 μg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle for 11 days (N = 10 per model and treatment). On Days 1, 4, 7 and 11, LH and FSH responses were assessed at different time-points within 4 h after KP-54 injection, while ovarian responses, in terms of follicular maturation and ovulation, were measured at the end of the treatment. In addition, hormonal (gonadotrophin, estrogen and inhibin B) and ovulatory responses to repeated KP-54 administration, at doses of 6.4-12.8 nmol/kg, s.c. bd for 21 days, were evaluated in a pilot cohort of anovulatory women (N = 12) diagnosed with PCOS, according to the Rotterdam criteria. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Deregulated reproductive indices were detected in all PCOS models: PNA, NeNA and PWA. Yet, anovulation was observed only in NeNA and PWA rats. However, while anovulatory NeNA rats displayed significant LH and FSH responses to KP-54 (P < 0.05), which rescued ovulation, PWA rats showed blunted LH secretion after repeated KP-54 injection and failed to ovulate. In women with PCOS, KP-54 resulted in a small rise in LH (P < 0.05), with an equivalent elevation in serum estradiol levels (P < 0.05). Two women showed growth of a dominant follicle with subsequent ovulation, one woman displayed follicle growth but not ovulation and desensitization was observed in another patient. No follicular response was detected in the other women. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION While three different preclinical PCOS models were used in order to capture the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of the syndrome, it must be noted that rat models recapitulate many but not all the features of this condition. Additionally, our pilot study was intended as proof of principle, and the number of participants is low, but the convergent findings in preclinical and clinical studies reinforce the validity of our conclusions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our first-in-rodent and -human studies demonstrate that KP-54 administration in anovulatory preclinical models and women with PCOS can stimulate reproductive hormone secretion and ovulation, albeit with incomplete efficacy. As our rat models likely reflect the diversity of PCOS phenotypes, our results argue for the need of personalized management of anovulatory dysfunction in women with PCOS, some of whom may benefit from kisspeptin-based treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by research agreements between Ferring Research Institute and the Universities of Cordoba and Edinburgh. K.S. was supported by the Wellcome Trust Scottish Translational Medicine and Therapeutics Initiative (STMTI). Some of this work was undertaken in the MRC Centre for Reproductive Health which is funded by the MRC Centre grant MR/N022556/1. M.T.-S. is a member of CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, which is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Dr Mannaerts is an employee of Ferring International PharmaScience Center (Copenhagen, Denmark), and Drs Qi, van Duin and Kohout are employees of the Ferring Research Institute (San Diego, USA). Dr Anderson and Dr Tena-Sempere were recipients of a grant support from the Ferring Research Institute, and Dr Anderson has undertaken consultancy work and received speaker fees outside this study from Merck, IBSA, Roche Diagnostics, NeRRe Therapeutics and Sojournix Inc. Dr Skorupskaite was supported by the Wellcome Trust through the Scottish Translational Medicine and Therapeutics Initiative 102419/Z/13/A. The other authors have no competing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - K Skorupskaite
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Gaytan
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Torres
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Perdices-Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - B M Mannaerts
- Ferring International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Qi
- Ferring Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - S Leon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Manfredi-Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Lopez-Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M S Avendaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Sanchez-Garrido
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Vazquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - L Pinilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M van Duin
- Ferring Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - T A Kohout
- Ferring Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - R A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,FiDiPro Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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3
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Polgar LM, Keizer J, Blom R, Niemeijer B, de With T, Picchioni F, van Duin M. THERMOREVERSIBLE CROSS-LINKING OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS: FROM PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TOWARD AN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.5254/rct-18-82638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
It is demonstrated that the concept of thermoreversible cross-linking of functionalized maleic anhydride grafted ethylene–propylene (EPM-g-MA) rubber using Diels–Alder chemistry is limited neither to laboratory scale using a solvent route nor to gum rubber. The use of an internal mixer is the first step toward an industrial process, since it greatly reduces the processing time and allows for a solventless process for the furan-functionalization and subsequent bismaleimide cross-linking of EPM rubber. Practical rubber compounds were prepared by mixing thermoreversibly cross-linked EPM with carbon black and mineral oil in the same batch mixer. This resulted in reinforcement of the rubber without affecting the thermoreversible character of the cross-linking. The pendant furan groups of the (non)cross-linked EPM-g-furan interact with the carbon black filler. Finally, crystalline EPM rubber compounds were prepared, which show excellent material properties and property retention over multiple reprocessing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Polgar
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. Keizer
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Blom
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Niemeijer
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. de With
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Picchioni
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- University of Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- ARLANXEO Performance Elastomers, Keltan R&D, P.O. Box 1130, 6160 BC Geleen, The Netherlands
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4
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Polgar LM, Hagting E, Raffa P, Mauri M, Simonutti R, Picchioni F, van Duin M. Effect of Rubber Polarity on Cluster Formation in Rubbers Cross-Linked with Diels-Alder Chemistry. Macromolecules 2017; 50:8955-8964. [PMID: 29213149 PMCID: PMC5707623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Diels–Alder
chemistry has been used for the thermoreversible
cross-linking of furan-functionalized ethylene/propylene (EPM) and
ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVM) rubbers. Both furan-functionalized elastomers
were successfully cross-linked with bismaleimide to yield products
with a similar cross-link density. NMR relaxometry and SAXS measurements
both show that the apolar EPM-g-furan precursor contains
phase-separated polar clusters and that cross-linking with polar bismaleimide
occurs in these clusters. The heterogeneously cross-linked network
of EPM-g-furan contrasts with the homogeneous network
in the polar EVM-g-furan. The heterogeneous character
of the cross-links in EPM-g-furan results in a relatively
high Young’s modulus, whereas the more uniform cross-linking
in EVM-g-furan results in a higher tensile strength
and elongation at break.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Polgar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Hagting
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mauri
- Department of Materials Science, , University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - R Simonutti
- Department of Materials Science, , University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - F Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M van Duin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,ARLANXEO Performance Elastomers, Keltan R&D, P.O. Box 1130, 6160 BC Geleen, The Netherlands
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5
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Went M, Sud A, Law PJ, Johnson DC, Weinhold N, Försti A, van Duin M, Mitchell JS, Chen B, Kuiper R, Stephens OW, Bertsch U, Campo C, Einsele H, Gregory WM, Henrion M, Hillengass J, Hoffmann P, Jackson GH, Lenive O, Nickel J, Nöthen MM, da Silva Filho MI, Thomsen H, Walker BA, Broyl A, Davies FE, Langer C, Hansson M, Kaiser M, Sonneveld P, Goldschmidt H, Hemminki K, Nilsson B, Morgan GJ, Houlston RS. Assessing the effect of obesity-related traits on multiple myeloma using a Mendelian randomisation approach. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7. [PMID: 28622301 PMCID: PMC5520395 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D C Johnson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Weinhold
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Försti
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - M van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J S Mitchell
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - B Chen
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kuiper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O W Stephens
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - U Bertsch
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Campo
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - W M Gregory
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Henrion
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Hillengass
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G H Jackson
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - O Lenive
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Nickel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M I da Silva Filho
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Thomsen
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B A Walker
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Broyl
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F E Davies
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - C Langer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Hansson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Kaiser
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Hemminki
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - B Nilsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
- Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G J Morgan
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - R S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- E-mail:
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Polgar L, Kingma A, Roelfs M, van Essen M, van Duin M, Picchioni F. Kinetics of cross-linking and de-cross-linking of EPM rubber with thermoreversible Diels-Alder chemistry. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Hofman IJF, van Duin M, De Bruyne E, Fancello L, Mulligan G, Geerdens E, Garelli E, Mancini C, Lemmens H, Delforge M, Vandenberghe P, Wlodarska I, Aspesi A, Michaux L, Vanderkerken K, Sonneveld P, De Keersmaecker K. RPL5 on 1p22.1 is recurrently deleted in multiple myeloma and its expression is linked to bortezomib response. Leukemia 2016; 31:1706-1714. [PMID: 27909306 PMCID: PMC5380219 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal region 1p22 is deleted in ≥20% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, suggesting the presence of an unidentified tumor suppressor. Using high-resolution genomic profiling, we delimit a 58 kb minimal deleted region (MDR) on 1p22.1 encompassing two genes: ectopic viral integration site 5 (EVI5) and ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5). Low mRNA expression of EVI5 and RPL5 was associated with worse survival in diagnostic cases. Patients with 1p22 deletion had lower mRNA expression of EVI5 and RPL5, however, 1p22 deletion status is a bad predictor of RPL5 expression in some cases, suggesting that other mechanisms downregulate RPL5 expression. Interestingly, RPL5 but not EVI5 mRNA levels were significantly lower in relapsed patients responding to bortezomib and; both in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients, bortezomib treatment could overcome their bad prognosis by raising their progression-free survival to equal that of patients with high RPL5 expression. In conclusion, our genetic data restrict the MDR on 1p22 to EVI5 and RPL5 and although the role of these genes in promoting MM progression remains to be determined, we identify RPL5 mRNA expression as a biomarker for initial response to bortezomib in relapsed patients and subsequent survival benefit after long-term treatment in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J F Hofman
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Fancello
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Mulligan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Geerdens
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Garelli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Univ.Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Univ.Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - H Lemmens
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Delforge
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Vandenberghe
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Wlodarska
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Universita' del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - L Michaux
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K De Keersmaecker
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Polgar L, Fortunato G, Araya-Hermosilla R, van Duin M, Pucci A, Picchioni F. Cross-linking of rubber in the presence of multi-functional cross-linking aids via thermoreversible Diels-Alder chemistry. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Regelink JC, Raijmakers PG, Bravenboer N, Milek R, Hoetjes NJ, de Kreuk AM, van Duin M, Wondergem MJ, Lips P, Sonneveld P, Zijlstra JM, Zweegman S. (18)F-fluoride-PET for dynamic in vivo monitoring of bone formation in multiple myeloma. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:46. [PMID: 27246327 PMCID: PMC4887457 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone disease in multiple myeloma is characterized by reduced bone formation. The gold standard of bone formation is the mineral apposition rate (MAR), an invasive technique reflecting bone formation at a single site. We compared 18F-fluoride-PET with the MAR in myeloma patients. Methods Bone formation was measured before and after bortezomib treatment by determination of the MAR in iliac bone marrow biopsies and the measurement of 18F-uptake. Results The inter- and intra-individual variations in 18F-uptake (SUVA50%) were pronounced as 33.50 (range 4.42 to 37.92) and 27.18 (range 4.00 to 31.18), respectively. A significant correlation between the MAR and 18F-uptake was found (r = 0.80, p = 0.017). There was a heterogeneous response after treatment varying from −2.20 to 4.53. Conclusions Iliac 18F-uptake was associated with the local MAR in myeloma patients. Furthermore, 18F-fluoride-PET demonstrated the heterogeneity of in vivo bone formation, enabling monitoring during treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0197-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Regelink
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - P G Raijmakers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Milek
- Janssen-Cilag B.V., Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - N J Hoetjes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M de Kreuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Duin
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Wondergem
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Sonneveld
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Zijlstra
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Zweegman
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Polgar LM, van Duin M, Broekhuis AA, Picchioni F. Use of Diels–Alder Chemistry for Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Rubbers: The Next Step toward Recycling of Rubber Products? Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Polgar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- LANXESS Elastomers B. V., Research & Development, P.O. Box 1130, 6160 BC Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - A. A. Broekhuis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Picchioni
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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van Duin M, Peters JA, Kieboom APG, van Bekkum H. Studies on borate esters IV. Structural analysis of borate esters of polyhydroxycarboxylates in water using13C and1H NMR spectroscopys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19861051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Litvinov VM, Orza RA, Klüppel M, van Duin M, Magusin PCMM. Rubber–Filler Interactions and Network Structure in Relation to Stress–Strain Behavior of Vulcanized, Carbon Black Filled EPDM. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2007255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Litvinov
- DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R. A. Orza
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. Klüppel
- Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e.V., Eupener Strasse 33, D-30519 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. van Duin
- Lanxess Elastomers Global, R&D, P.O. Box 1130, 6160 BC Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. M. M. Magusin
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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van Duin M, Hoefnagel MA, Baas JMA, van de Graaf B. Empirical force field calculations. Part 28. Conformations and pseudorotations of 1,3-dioxolane and some methyl-substituted derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19871061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Versloot P, Dargan P, Haasnoot JG, Reedijk J, van Duin M, Put J, Goubitz K. Reactivity of zinc dialkyldithiocarbamates towards halogen-substituted olefins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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l’Abee R, Vissers A, Goossens J, Spoelstra A, van Duin M. Characterization of the morphology of co-extruded, thermoplastic/rubber multi-layer tapes. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 654:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Antunes CF, Machado AV, van Duin M. Degradation of the Rubber Network during Dynamic Vulcanization of EPDM/PP Blends Using Phenolic Resol. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2009. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3548260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Physical blends and thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on EPDM and PP were prepared in a batch mixer. Dynamic vulcanization of TPVs using resol/SnCl2 was studied as a function of time. Static and dynamic vulcanization of EPDM in the absence of PP were also studied. Crosslinking of EPDM in the absence of PP is more efficient via static than dynamic vulcanization. For EPDM/PP-based TPVs the extent of crosslinking reaction versus time decreases as the amount of EPDM increases. Degradation of the EPDM network occurs during dynamic vulcanization, due to the combined action of shearing and high temperature, and increases as EPDM becomes more and more the continuous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Antunes
- 1IPC -Institute for Polymers and Composites, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho 4800-058 Guimares, Portugal;
| | - A. V. Machado
- 1IPC -Institute for Polymers and Composites, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho 4800-058 Guimares, Portugal;
| | - M. van Duin
- 2DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Orza RA, Magusin PCMM, Litvinov VM, van Duin M, Michels MAJ. Mechanism for Peroxide Cross-Linking of EPDM Rubber from MAS 13C NMR Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9016482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Orza
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. M. M. Magusin
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - V. M. Litvinov
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- DSM Elastomers Global R&D, P.O. Box 1130, 6160 BC Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. J. Michels
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Peters R, Tonoli D, van Duin M, Mommers J, Mengerink Y, Wilbers A, van Benthem R, de Koster C, Schoenmakers P, van der Wal S. Low-molecular-weight model study of peroxide cross-linking of ethylene-propylene (-diene) rubber using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1201:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Peters R, van Duin M, Tonoli D, Kwakkenbos G, Mengerink Y, van Benthem R, de Koster C, Schoenmakers P, van der Wal S. Low-molecular-weight model study of peroxide cross-linking of ethylene–propylene–diene rubber using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1201:151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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van der Mee MAJ, l’Abee RMA, Portale G, Goossens JGP, van Duin M. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Ionic Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8007509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. J. van der Mee
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE CRG, ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - R. M. A. l’Abee
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE CRG, ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Portale
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE CRG, ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - J. G. P. Goossens
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE CRG, ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE CRG, ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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van der Mee M, Goossens J, van Duin M. Thermoreversible cross-linking of maleated ethylene/propylene copolymers with diamines and amino-alcohols. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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van der Mee MAJ, Goossens JGP, van Duin M. Thermoreversible Crosslinking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Rubber Using Ionic Interactions, Hydrogen Bonding and a Combination Thereof. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2008. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3548200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Maleated ethylene/propylene copolymer (MAn-g-EPM) was thermoreversibly crosslinked using different routes, i.e. ionic interactions (ionomers), hydrogen bonding and a combination thereof. Microphase separation into polar MAn-rich aggregates occurs for MAn-g-EPM and all crosslinked materials, which act as physical crosslinks. The crosslink density does not change upon modification, but the strength of the aggregates is significantly increased, resulting in improved mechanical properties. All materials except the potassium ionomer with high degree of neutralization (DN) could be remolded into homogeneous and smooth films without chemical changes, indicating that the crosslinks are truly thermoreversible. A comparison of the mechanical properties, i.e. tensile properties and compression set at room temperature, for the different crosslinking routes showed that the poorest properties are obtained for hydrogen-bonded materials. The potassium ionomer with high DN has the best properties by far, but is difficult to process. Comparable mechanical properties are obtained for zinc ionomers, potassium ionomers with low DN and amide-salts, which combine ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The amide-salts have a distinct advantage in processing over the ionomers, since they can be compression molded at much lower temperatures, although high temperatures should be avoided because of irreversible imide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. J. van der Mee
- 1Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - J. G. P. Goossens
- 1Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - M. van Duin
- 2DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Verbruggen MAL, van der Does L, Noordermeer JWM, van Duin M. Influence of the diene monomer on devulcanization of EPDM rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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van der Mee MAJ, Goossens JGP, van Duin M. Thermoreversible covalent crosslinking of maleated ethylene/propylene copolymers with diols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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van Dekken H, van Marion R, Vissers KJ, Hop WCJ, Dinjens WNM, Tilanus HW, Wink JC, van Duin M. Molecular dissection of the chromosome band 7q21 amplicon in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas identifies cyclin-dependent kinase 6 at both genomic and protein expression levels. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:649-56. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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van Duin M, van Marion R, Vissers K, Hop W, Dinjens W, Tilanus H, Siersema P, van Dekken H. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of chromosome 8q: evaluation of putative progression markers for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:130-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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l'Abee RMA, Goossens JGP, van Duin M. Thermoplastic Vulcanizates by Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of a Miscible Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Epoxy System. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2007. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3539409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new method for the preparation of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) was successfully applied. Starting with a miscible system of a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer and an elastomer precursor, phase separation was induced by the increase in molecular weight during selective crosslinking of the elastomer precursor. As a model system, the semi-crystalline thermoplastic poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was used in combination with a rubbery epoxy resin based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPOn-epoxy). This approach enables the dispersion of up to 80 wt% of crosslinked rubber in a thermoplastic matrix, providing morphologies that are typical for TPVs. A range in rubber particle size of 0.5 to 3 μm was obtained by this new method, without the need of blend compatibilization or dynamic processing. The materials exhibit mechanical and rheological properties typical for TPVs and the rubber particles feature a high crosslink density. At high curing temperatures and high PPOn-epoxy contents, connectivity of the rubber particles is observed, which is attributed to the phase separation mechanism. Connectivity of the rubber particles has a negative influence on both the mechanical properties and the rheological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. A. l'Abee
- 1Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; J.G.P.
| | - J. G. P. Goossens
- 1Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; J.G.P.
| | - M. van Duin
- 2DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Sun CX, van der Mee MAJ, Goossens JGP, van Duin M. Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers Using Hydrogen-Bonding and Ionic Interactions. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052691v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. X. Sun
- Department of Macromolecular Science, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, PO Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. J. van der Mee
- Department of Macromolecular Science, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, PO Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - J. G. P. Goossens
- Department of Macromolecular Science, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, PO Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- Department of Macromolecular Science, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, PO Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Jain S, Goossens J, van Duin M. Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of (Vinyl Triethoxy Silane-grafted PP)/Silica Nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200690022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Picchioni F, Goossens JGP, van Duin M. Solid-state modification of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) via grafting of styrene. II. Morphology and melt processing. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Martin P, Maquet C, Legras R, Bailly C, Leemans L, van Gurp M, van Duin M. Conjugated effects of the compatibilization and the dynamic vulcanization on the phase inversion behavior in poly(butylene terephthalate)/epoxide-containing rubber reactive polymer blends. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martin P, Maquet C, Legras R, Bailly C, Leemans L, van Gurp M, van Duin M. Particle-in-particle morphology in reactively compatibilized poly(butylene terephthalate)/epoxide-containing rubber blends. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Martin P, Gallez C, Devaux J, Legras R, Leemans L, van Gurp M, van Duin M. Reactive compatibilization of blends of polybutyleneterephthalate with epoxide-containing rubber. The effect of the concentrations in reactive functions. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Picchioni F, Goossens JGP, van Duin M, Magusin P. Solid-state modification of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) via grafting of styrene. I. Polymerization experiments. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Genomics-based discovery of novel therapeutic drug targets requires the design of well-controlled biological or pharmacological experiments with experimental questions and hypotheses that relate to the therapeutic area of interest. This will aid the validation level of differentially expressed genes and hence facilitate the de-selection of the genes that are identified in microarray experiments. We here provide an example of how this approach is followed in the manipulation of human macrophage foam cells towards the discovery of novel drug targets for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Duin
- Organon Research Laboratories, Department of Target Discovery, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, Scotland, U.K.
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Wouters MEL, Litvinov VM, Binsbergen FL, Goossens JGP, van Duin M, Dikland HG. Morphology of Ethylene−Propylene Copolymer Based Ionomers as Studied by Solid State NMR and Small Angle X-ray Scattering in Relation to Some Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. L. Wouters
- Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - V. M. Litvinov
- Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - F. L. Binsbergen
- Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - J. G. P. Goossens
- Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - H. G. Dikland
- Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Winters R, Heinen W, Verbruggen MAL, Lugtenburg J, van Duin M, de Groot HJM. Solid-State 13C NMR Study of Accelerated-Sulfur-Vulcanized 13C-Labeled ENB−EPDM. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Winters
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - W. Heinen
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. L. Verbruggen
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Lugtenburg
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. M. de Groot
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands; and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
This paper examines the management of uncertainty among emergency responders, the media, and the public following the crash of an Israeli cargo plane carrying apparently hazardous cargo in Amsterdam's Bijlmermeer area. While the authorities' management of the emergency created by the initial crash was effective, the long-term crisis management performance was considerably less effective. It is argued that, particularly in hazardous materials emergencies, considerable management attention is required in the long-term aftermath rather than seeking a quick declaration of "all clear" or determination that the crisis is over. This paper examines the roles of all actors in the crisis and addresses the nature of communications in the "disaster after the disaster". The evolution of a "toxic fear" among citizens is documented and the social psychology of crisis management in the aftermath is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boin
- Department of Public Administration, Crisis Research Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Winters R, Lugtenburg J, Litvinov V, van Duin M, de Groot H. Solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy on EPDM/PP/oil based thermoplastic vulcanizates in the melt. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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de Vries T, Storm J, Rotteveel F, Verdonk G, van Duin M, van den Eijnden DH, Joziasse DH, Bunschoten H. Production of soluble human alpha3-fucosyltransferase (FucT VII) by membrane targeting and in vivo proteolysis. Glycobiology 2001; 11:711-7. [PMID: 11555615 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.9.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational design of fucosyltransferase (FucT VII) inhibitors as potential medication in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis requires the three-dimensional structure of this member of the glycosyltransferase family. Structure determination by X-ray diffraction analysis needs purified, soluble enzyme protein. For this purpose we developed a novel method for the high-yield production of soluble FucT VII by in vivo proteolysis. To obtain a soluble form of FucT VII a mammalian expression construct was made encoding an N-terminal portion of FucT VI (amino acids 1-63) fused with the stem region and catalytic domain of FucT VII (amino acids 39-342). Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with this construct produced FucT activity in the supernatant, which has the same catalytic properties as wild-type FucT VII. This soluble form of FucT VII can be obtained in high amounts (1 mg/L) and can be efficiently purified by GDP-hexanolamine affinity chromatography. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the intrinsic properties of FucT VII could be transferred to secreted FucT VII constructs, which may open possibilities for production of soluble forms of other members of the glycosyltransferase family as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de Vries
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shitsukawa K, Andersen CB, Richard FJ, Horner AK, Wiersma A, van Duin M, Conti M. Cloning and characterization of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-inhibited phosphodiesterase PDE3A expressed in mouse oocyte. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:188-96. [PMID: 11420239 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.1.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the preovulatory follicle, oocyte meiotic resumption occurs soon after the LH surge and is associated with a decrease in cAMP. Inhibition of cAMP degradation blocks germinal vesicle breakdown as well as activation of meiotic promoting factor, both hallmarks of reentry into the cell cycle. In situ and pharmacological analysis of rodent ovaries suggested the presence of a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) in the germ cell but not the somatic cell compartment. Here we have investigated the structure and properties of the PDE form expressed in mouse oocytes. Polymerase chain reactions using a mouse oocyte cDNA library as a template, and primers based on the conserved sequence of rat and human PDE3As, yielded partial fragments corresponding to mouse PDE3A. Further screening of the mouse oocyte cDNA library and subsequent ligation of individual cDNA clones yielded PDE3A cDNA containing the entire coding region of mouse PDE3A. To determine the kinetic properties of this PDE, the cDNAs encoding the full-length PDE3A and NH(2)-truncation forms Delta 1 (Delta346aa) and Delta 2 (Delta608aa) were expressed in mouse Leydig tumor cells. Whereas the full-length recombinant protein was always found in the particulate fraction, the Delta 1 and Delta 2 truncated PDE3As were recovered mostly in the soluble fraction. The Michaelis constant values for hydrolysis of cAMP of PDE3A Delta 1 and PDE3A Delta 2 were similar to those of intact full-length PDE3A or oocyte PDE (0.2-0.5 microM). More importantly, there was good correlation between the rank of potency of selective and nonselective compounds in inhibiting recombinant PDE3A or PDE activity derived from cumulus-oocyte complexes and in blocking resumption of meiosis. These data provide evidence that the PDE expressed in the oocyte is a soluble form of PDE3A and that activity of this enzyme is involved in the control of resumption of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shitsukawa
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317, USA
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Walboomers JM, Meijer CJ, Steenbergen RD, van Duin M, Helmerhorst TJ, Snijders PJ. [Human papillomavirus and the development of cervical cancer: concept of carcinogenesis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2000; 144:1671-4. [PMID: 10981234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection with high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) plays a central aetiological role in cervical cancer. Still, cervical carcinogenesis is a multistep process which requires other events in addition to hrHPV infection. Recent data have resulted in the following concept of cervical carcinogenesis: hrHPV infects normal squamous epithelium. In most cases this will not lead to a lesion or at worst give rise to a regressing low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Both phenomena involve viral clearance. Only persistent hrHPV infections will lead to a high grade CIN lesion, a subset of which may undergo malignant transformation. At the transition of CIN 2 to CIN 3 deregulated expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 takes place, resulting in genetic instability. Subsequently, activation of the telomere-lengthening enzyme, telomerase occurs, at the result of which cells obtain an infinite replication capacity. Ultimately, successive allele losses occur at different chromosomal locations which, followed by a clonal outgrowth result in an invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Walboomers
- Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, afd. Pathologie, Amsterdam
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Hsu SY, Kudo M, Chen T, Nakabayashi K, Bhalla A, van der Spek PJ, van Duin M, Hsueh AJ. The three subfamilies of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors (LGR): identification of LGR6 and LGR7 and the signaling mechanism for LGR7. Mol Endocrinol 2000; 14:1257-71. [PMID: 10935549 DOI: 10.1210/mend.14.8.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein hormone receptors, including LH receptor, FSH receptor, and TSH receptor, belong to the large G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily but are unique in having a large ectodomain important for ligand binding. In addition to two recently isolated mammalian LGRs (leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors), LGR4 and LGR5, we further identified two new paralogs, LGR6 and LGR7, for glycoprotein hormone receptors. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there are three LGR subgroups: the known glycoprotein hormone receptors; LGR4 to 6; and a third subgroup represented by LGR7. LGR6 has a subgroup-specific hinge region after leucine-rich repeats whereas LGR7, like snail LGR, contains a low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor cysteine-rich motif at the N terminus. Similar to LGR4 and LGR5, LGR6 and LGR7 mRNAs are expressed in multiple tissues. Although the putative ligands for LGR6 and LGR7 are unknown, studies on single amino acid mutants of LGR7, with a design based on known LH and TSH receptor gain-of-function mutations, indicated that the action of LGR7 is likely mediated by the protein kinase A but not the phospholipase C pathway. Thus, mutagenesis of conserved residues to allow constitutive receptor activation is a novel approach for the characterization of signaling pathways of selective orphan GPCRs. The present study also defines the existence of three subclasses of leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors in the human genome and allows future studies on the physiological importance of this expanding subgroup of GPCR.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Mammals
- Membrane Proteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Hsu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5317, USA
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49
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Mulder FM, Heinen W, van Duin M, Lugtenburg J, de Groot HJM. Cross-Linking Induced Phase Separation in SAN/SMA Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks Observed by Solid State NMR and Site Specific Isotope Enrichment. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Mulder
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands; and Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - W. Heinen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands; and Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Duin
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands; and Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. Lugtenburg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands; and Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands; and Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The prospect of an immunological approach to contraception that would disrupt the process of fertilisation itself has resulted in a considerable interest into research in this area. It has been known for some time that antibodies raised against the zona pellucida (ZP) can suppress fertility very effectively. However, the initial optimism of this approach has been marred by the appearance of an ovarian pathology characterised by disruption of folliculogenesis and depletion of the primordial follicle pool. Adverse auto-immune reactions have been observed in the ovaries of mice after the induction of immunity with mouse ZP3 epitopes. However, this was associated with lymphocytic infiltration of the ovarian stroma, which could be circumvented by careful selection of B-cell epitopes to induce reversible infertility. In order to identify similar epitopes on primate ZP3, epitope-mapping studies were performed and incorporated into chimeric vaccines that included a promiscuous T-helper cell epitope. Both single and triple peptide vaccines have been evaluated in vivo and no detrimental effects on ovarian function were observed. The resulting high titre antibodies bound exclusively to the ZP of marmoset and human ovarian sections and could suppress in vitro human sperm-egg binding by approximately 60%, but did not prevent pregnancy in actively immunised female marmosets. Thus, considerable research is still required to identify a combination of ZP3 epitopes that will induce infertility free of any unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paterson
- MRC Reproductive Biology Unit, Edinburgh, UK.
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