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Abana CO, Palmiero AN, Liu K, Green MM, Li Z, Harris L, Mayor S, Samuel KQ, Younkin RA, Moore EJ, Norton W, Swain J, Fowlkes NW, Koong AC, Woodward WA, Taniguchi CM, Beddar S, Mitra D, Schueler E, Lin SH. Subacute Cutaneous Toxicity with Single-Fraction Electron FLASH RT in Yorkshire Swine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S10-S11. [PMID: 37784265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Information regarding acute/subacute skin toxicity of electron FLASH radiation therapy (RT) is limited. We evaluated short-term safety of electron FLASH for human trials by investigating subacute toxicity compared to conventional dose-rate RT (CONV) in the Yorkshire pig, an animal model known to closely approximate human skin and routinely used for toxicity studies. MATERIALS/METHODS Two healthy 50 kg pigs underwent CT imaging for RT treatment planning with field visualization via BBs and tattoos on each dorsolateral flank. Each target received a single fraction of 20, 25 or 30 Gy with FLASH and CONV on opposing sides delivered using a dedicated mobile linear accelerator. FLASH dose rates ranged from 164-245 Gy/sec (12 pulses delivered over 0.122 sec) while the CONV dose rate was set at 0.18 Gy/sec. Doses were verified using thermo- and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters, and Gafchromic films. We obtained baseline and weekly images up to 98 days post-RT (D98) for blinded toxicity grading by 3 expert radiation oncologists using the modified RTOG radiation dermatitis (RD) scale. We measured erythema and pigmentation indices on those timepoints using a handheld spectrophotometer. We also obtained punch biopsies of targets and non-irradiated controls on D10 and D30 for RNA sequencing and two 6-marker multiplex immunofluorescence analyses of inflammation, immune response, and fibrosis. FLASH and CONV data were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and transcriptomic analyses using DESeq2. RESULTS All RT targets developed peak median grade 4 (ulceration, hemorrhage, or necrosis) RD by D84 regardless of FLASH or CONV delivery. However, FLASH targets developed peak RD later than CONV targets after 20 Gy (D84 vs D63), 25 Gy (D84 vs D49) and 30 Gy (D63 vs D42). FLASH induced qualitatively lower mean pigmentation and erythema indices than CONV for all 3 doses. Similarly, peak mean pigmentation indices occurred later with FLASH vs CONV for 20 Gy (D84 vs D63), 25 Gy (D84 vs D49) and 30 Gy (D77 vs D63). However, peak mean erythema indices occurred on the same day for FLASH and CONV (D63 for 20 Gy and D42 for 25 and 30 Gy). Transcriptomic analyses revealed significantly upregulated signals for wound healing (including TGF-beta, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix receptor interaction) and leukocyte infiltration with 20 Gy CONV mostly by D10, while FLASH upregulated those pathways only after 25 or 30 Gy, or by D30, or never at all. Preliminary immunofluorescence data showed FLASH may induce less T cell infiltrate and TGF-beta-expressing macrophages than CONV. CONCLUSION Single-fraction electron FLASH resulted in delayed onsets of both subacute cutaneous toxicity and wound healing with leukocytic infiltration signaling than dose-matched CONV based on both subjective and objective metrics of skin injury. Our findings suggest further investigations of optimal dose of electron FLASH for safe clinical translation is warranted, and we have a dose-finding study currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Abana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A N Palmiero
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Liu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M M Green
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Z Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Harris
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Mayor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Q Samuel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R A Younkin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - E J Moore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - W Norton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Swain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N W Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gastrointestinal Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - W A Woodward
- Department of Breast Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - C M Taniguchi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Beddar
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - D Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - E Schueler
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Green MM, Boyle BA, Vairamani M, Mukhopadhyay T, Saunders WH, Bowen P, Allinger NL. Temperature-dependent stereoselectivity and hydrogen deuterium kinetic isotope effect for .gamma.-hydrogen transfer to 2-hexyloxy radical. The transition state for the Barton reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 108:2381-7. [PMID: 22175587 DOI: 10.1021/ja00269a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brand IL, Green MM, Civciristov S, Pantaki-Eimany D, George C, Gort TR, Huang N, Clem RJ, Hawkins CJ. Functional and biochemical characterization of the baculovirus caspase inhibitor MaviP35. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e242. [PMID: 22170098 PMCID: PMC3252740 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses express proteins which prevent the host cell death that their infection would otherwise provoke. Some insect viruses suppress host apoptosis through the expression of caspase inhibitors belonging to the P35 superfamily. Although a number of P35 relatives have been identified, Autographa californica (Ac) P35 and Spodoptera littoralis (Spli) P49 have been the most extensively characterized. AcP35 was found to inhibit caspases via a suicide substrate mechanism: the caspase cleaves AcP35 within its ‘reactive site loop' then becomes trapped, irreversibly bound to the cleaved inhibitor. The Maruca vitrata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus encodes a P35 family member (MaviP35) that exhibits 81% identity to AcP35. We found that this relative shared with AcP35 the ability to inhibit mammalian and insect cell death. Caspase-mediated cleavage within the MaviP35 reactive site loop occurred at a sequence distinct from that in AcP35, and the inhibitory profiles of the two P35 relatives differed. MaviP35 potently inhibited human caspases 2 and 3, DCP-1, DRICE and CED-3 in vitro, but (in contrast to AcP35) only weakly suppressed the proteolytic activity of the initiator human caspases 8, 9 and 10. Although MaviP35 inhibited the AcP35-resistant caspase DRONC in yeast, and was sensitive to cleavage by DRONC in vitro, MaviP35 failed to inhibit the proteolytic activity of bacterially produced DRONC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Brand
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Price PM, Green MM. Positron emission tomography imaging approaches for external beam radiation therapies: current status and future developments. Br J Radiol 2011; 84 Spec No 1:S19-34. [PMID: 21427180 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/21263014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In an era in which it is possible to deliver radiation with high precision, there is a heightened need for enhanced imaging capabilities to improve tumour localisation for diagnostic, planning and delivery purposes. This is necessary to increase the accuracy and overall efficacy of all types of external beam radiotherapy (RT), including particle therapies. Positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential to fulfil this need by imaging fundamental aspects of tumour biology. The key areas in which PET may support the RT process include improving disease diagnosis and staging; assisting tumour volume delineation; defining tumour phenotype or biological tumour volume; assessment of treatment response; and in-beam monitoring of radiation dosimetry. The role of PET and its current developmental status in these key areas are overviewed in this review, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Price
- Department of Academic Radiation Oncology, The University of Manchester, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Jackson ASN, Jain P, Watkins GR, Whitfield GA, Green MM, Valle J, Taylor MB, Dickinson C, Price PM, Saleem A. Efficacy and tolerability of limited field radiotherapy with concurrent capecitabine in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 22:570-7. [PMID: 20650619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) are most commonly managed with chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which may or may not include non-involved regional lymph nodes in the clinical target volume. We present our results of CRT for LAPC using capecitabine and delivering radiotherapy to a limited radiation field that excluded non-involved regional lymph nodes from the clinical target volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients were studied. Patients received 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy in 28 fractions, delivered to a planning target volume expanded from the primary tumour and involved nodes only. Capecitabine (500-600 mg/m2) was given twice daily continuously during radiotherapy. Toxicity and efficacy data were prospectively collected. RESULTS Nausea, vomiting and tumour pain were the most common grade 2 toxicities. One patient developed grade 3 nausea. The median time to progression was 8.8 months, with 20% remaining progression free at 1 year. The median overall survival was 9.7 months with a 1 year survival of 30%. Of 21 patients with imaged progression, 13 (62%) progressed systemically, three (14%) had local progression, two (10%) had locoregional progression and three (14%) progressed with both local/locoregional and systemic disease. CONCLUSION CRT using capecitabine and limited field radiotherapy is a well-tolerated, relatively efficacious treatment for LAPC. The low toxicity and low regional progression rates support the use of limited field radiotherapy, allowing evaluation of this regimen with other anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S N Jackson
- Academic Radiation Oncology, The University of Manchester, Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
Polyisocyanates, long studied as theoretical models for wormlike chains in dilute solution and liquid crystals, differ from their biological helical analogs in the absence of a pre-determined helical sense. These polymers have an unusual sensitivity to chiral effects that arises from a structure in which alternating right- and left-handed long helical blocks are separated by infrequent and mobile helical reversals. Statistical thermodynamic methods yield an exact description of the polymer and the cooperative nature of its chiral properties. Minute energies that favor one of the helical senses drive easily measurable conformational changes, even though such energies may be extremely difficult to calculate from structural theory. In addition, the chiral nature of the polymer can be used to test theoretical ideas concerned with cholesteric liquid crystals, one of which solves the problem of assigning the helical sense.
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Goldberg ML, Sheen JY, Gehring WJ, Green MM. Unequal crossing-over associated with asymmetrical synapsis between nomadic elements in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 80:5017-21. [PMID: 16593354 PMCID: PMC384179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.16.5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of reciprocal duplications and deficiencies produced by unequal crossing-over at the white (w) locus of Drosophila melanogaster females heterozygous for the alleles w(a) and w(a4) has been examined. A transposable, copia-like element is found at the rearrangement breakpoints. Further characterization indicates that asymmetrical pairing between two copies of this element, which are at least 60 kilobases apart in the parental chromosomes, followed by a crossover within the paired elements, is responsible for the duplication and deficiencies observed. The frequency of these events is high compared with normal homologous exchange, implying that synaptic pairing during meiosis must be sufficiently flexible as to allow efficient recognition of sequences located in nonidentical positions on homologous chromosomes. These results suggest a possible mechanism for the generation of tandem duplications in eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Goldberg
- Section of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Abstract
The capacity of a so-called male recombination (MR) chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster to generate mutations at 14 X-chromosome loci specifying visible phenotypes was investigated. Appreciable increases in mutation were found at three loci y, sn, and ras. Tests of represnetative mutants generated at each locus establish all to be putative insertion mutants, as judged by their spontaneous mutability. These facts suggest that insertion mutation production may be a general function of MR chromosomes. The relationship of the MR chromosomes to established insertion elements (IS and Mu) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
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Abstract
In January 1910, a century ago, Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered his first Drosophila mutant, a white-eyed male (Morgan 1910). Morgan named the mutant gene white and soon demonstrated that it resided on the X chromosome. This was the first localization of a specific gene to a particular chromosome. Thus began Drosophila experimental genetics. The story of the initial work on white is well known but what is less well appreciated is the multiplicity of ways in which this gene has been used to explore fundamental questions in genetics. Here, I review some of the highlights of a century's productive use of white in Drosophila genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Green MM. The Heisenberg Group in the 1980s, a Reminiscence. J Neurogenet 2009; 23:8-10. [DOI: 10.1080/01677060802545974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Division of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis
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Greenspoon SA, Sykes KLV, Ban JD, Pollard A, Baisden M, Farr M, Graham N, Collins BL, Green MM, Christenson CC. Automated PCR setup for forensic casework samples using the Normalization Wizard and PCR Setup robotic methods. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 164:240-8. [PMID: 16542806 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human genome, pharmaceutical and research laboratories have long enjoyed the application of robotics to performing repetitive laboratory tasks. However, the utilization of robotics in forensic laboratories for processing casework samples is relatively new and poses particular challenges. Since the quantity and quality (a mixture versus a single source sample, the level of degradation, the presence of PCR inhibitors) of the DNA contained within a casework sample is unknown, particular attention must be paid to procedural susceptibility to contamination, as well as DNA yield, especially as it pertains to samples with little biological material. The Virginia Department of Forensic Science (VDFS) has successfully automated forensic casework DNA extraction utilizing the DNA IQ(trade mark) System in conjunction with the Biomek 2000 Automation Workstation. Human DNA quantitation is also performed in a near complete automated fashion utilizing the AluQuant Human DNA Quantitation System and the Biomek 2000 Automation Workstation. Recently, the PCR setup for casework samples has been automated, employing the Biomek 2000 Automation Workstation and Normalization Wizard, Genetic Identity version, which utilizes the quantitation data, imported into the software, to create a customized automated method for DNA dilution, unique to that plate of DNA samples. The PCR Setup software method, used in conjunction with the Normalization Wizard method and written for the Biomek 2000, functions to mix the diluted DNA samples, transfer the PCR master mix, and transfer the diluted DNA samples to PCR amplification tubes. Once the process is complete, the DNA extracts, still on the deck of the robot in PCR amplification strip tubes, are transferred to pre-labeled 1.5 mL tubes for long-term storage using an automated method. The automation of these steps in the process of forensic DNA casework analysis has been accomplished by performing extensive optimization, validation and testing of the software methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Greenspoon
- Virginia Department of Forensic Science, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Herman WN, Kim Y, Cao WL, Goldhar J, Lee CH, Green MM, Jain V, Lee M. Amorphous Thin Films of Chiral Binaphthyls for Photonic Waveguides. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-120025316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. N. Herman
- a Laboratory for Physical Sciences , College Park , 8050 Greenmead Drive, Maryland , 20740 , USA
| | - Y. Kim
- a Laboratory for Physical Sciences , College Park , 8050 Greenmead Drive, Maryland , 20740 , USA
| | - W. L. Cao
- a Laboratory for Physical Sciences , College Park , 8050 Greenmead Drive, Maryland , 20740 , USA
| | - J. Goldhar
- a Laboratory for Physical Sciences , College Park , 8050 Greenmead Drive, Maryland , 20740 , USA
| | - C. H. Lee
- a Laboratory for Physical Sciences , College Park , 8050 Greenmead Drive, Maryland , 20740 , USA
| | - M. M. Green
- b Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute , Polytechnic University , Brooklyn , New York , USA
| | - V. Jain
- b Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute , Polytechnic University , Brooklyn , New York , USA
| | - M.‐J. Lee
- b Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute , Polytechnic University , Brooklyn , New York , USA
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Kiger JA, Natzle JE, Kimbrell DA, Paddy MR, Kleinhesselink K, Green MM. Tissue remodeling during maturation of the Drosophila wing. Dev Biol 2006; 301:178-91. [PMID: 16962574 PMCID: PMC1828914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The final step in morphogenesis of the adult fly is wing maturation, a process not well understood at the cellular level due to the impermeable and refractive nature of cuticle synthesized some 30 h prior to eclosion from the pupal case. Advances in GFP technology now make it possible to visualize cells using fluorescence after cuticle synthesis is complete. We find that, between eclosion and wing expansion, the epithelia within the folded wing begin to delaminate from the cuticle and that delamination is complete when the wing has fully expanded. After expansion, epithelial cells lose contact with each other, adherens junctions are disrupted, and nuclei become pycnotic. The cells then change shape, elongate, and migrate from the wing into the thorax. During wing maturation, the Timp gene product, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and probably other components of an extracellular matrix are expressed that bond the dorsal and ventral cuticular surfaces of the wing following migration of the cells. These steps are dissected using the batone and Timp genes and ectopic expression of alphaPS integrin, inhibitors of Armadillo/beta-catenin nuclear activity and baculovirus caspase inhibitor p35. We conclude that an epithelial-mesenchymal transition is responsible for epithelial delamination and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kiger
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Division of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Shibaev
- Chiral Photonics Inc., 115 Industrial East, Clifton, New Jersey 07012; Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; and Department of Physics, Queens College of the University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - K. Tang
- Chiral Photonics Inc., 115 Industrial East, Clifton, New Jersey 07012; Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; and Department of Physics, Queens College of the University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - A. Z. Genack
- Chiral Photonics Inc., 115 Industrial East, Clifton, New Jersey 07012; Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; and Department of Physics, Queens College of the University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - V. Kopp
- Chiral Photonics Inc., 115 Industrial East, Clifton, New Jersey 07012; Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; and Department of Physics, Queens College of the University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - M. M. Green
- Chiral Photonics Inc., 115 Industrial East, Clifton, New Jersey 07012; Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; and Department of Physics, Queens College of the University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
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Subramaniam PS, Green MM, Larkin J, Torres BA, Johnson HM. Nuclear translocation of IFN-gamma is an intrinsic requirement for its biologic activity and can be driven by a heterologous nuclear localization sequence. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21:951-9. [PMID: 11747627 DOI: 10.1089/107999001753289569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This NLS functions intracellularly by forming a complex with its transcription factor Stat1alpha and the nuclear importer of Stat1alpha, the importin-alpha analog NPI-1. The stability of this complex and the subsequent nuclear translocation of the complexed Stat1alpha are dependent on the integrity of this NLS, showing that Stat1alpha nuclear import is mediated by the IFN-gamma NLS. In this study, to directly evaluate the intrinsic requirement of nuclear IFN-gamma toward its biologic activities, we engineered a chimeric in which the IFN-gamma NLS has been substituted by a heterologous NLS, namely, the prototypical NLS of the SV40 large T antigen, which would drive nuclear translocation of IFN-gamma in a sequence-nonspecific manner. The chimeric, IFN-gamma-SV, was equally active in antiviral and antiproliferative assays as the wild-type IFN-gamma. Interestingly, IFN-gamma-SV was also translocated to the nucleus and was also recovered intracellularly as a complex with the Stat1alpha importer NPI-1, like wild-type IFN-gamma. Comparison with an NLS deletion mutant showed that deletion or changes within the NLS motif of IFN-gamma were inconsequential to the high-affinity extracellular binding to the IFN-gamma receptor complex, yet the presence of an NLS was critical to the expression of the biologic activities of IFN-gamma and its NPI-1 complexation ability. Our data conclusively demonstrate that nuclear translocation of IFN-gamma is an intrinsic requirement for the full expression of the biologic activities of IFN-gamma and strengthen the conclusion that nuclear chaperoning of Stat1alpha is the primary role of IFN-gamma nuclear translocation. This type of ligand imprinting by sequestering of activated Stat may contribute to the specificity of Stat nuclear transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Subramaniam
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Abstract
Tetrahymena vorax (T. vorax) is an indigenous fresh water protozoan with the natural biological potential to maintain a specific aquatic microbial flora by ingesting and eliminating specific microorganism. To investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling Tetrahymena vorax (T. vorax) cellular differentiation from a small-mouth vegetative cell to a voracious large-mouth carnivore capable of ingesting prey ciliates and bacteria from aquatic environments, we use DNA subtraction and gene discovery techniques to identify and isolate T. vorax differentiation-specific genes. The physiological necessity for one newly discovered gene, SUBII-TG, was determined in vivo using an antisense oligonucleotide directed against the 5' SUBII-TG DNA sequence. The barriers to delivering antisense oligonucleotides to the cytoplasm of T. vorax were circumvented by employing a new but simple procedure of processing the oligonucleotide with the differentiation stimulus, stomatin. In these studies, the antisense oligonucleotide down-regulated SUBII-TG mRNA expression, and blocked differentiation and ingestion of prey ciliates. The ability to down-regulate SUBII-TG expression with the antisense oligonucleotide suggests that the molecular mechanisms controlling the natural biological activities of T. vorax can be manipulated to further study its cellular differentiation and potential as a biocontrol microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
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Abstract
Newly eclosed flies have wings that are highly folded and compact. Within an hour, each wing has expanded, the dorsal and ventral cuticular surfaces bonding to one another to form the mature wing. To initiate a dissection of this process, we present studies of two mutant phenotypes. First, the batone mutant blocks wing expansion, a behavior that is shown to have a mutant focus anterior to the wing in the embryonic fate map. Second, ectopic expression of protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAc) using certain GAL4 enhancer detector strains mimics the batone wing phenotype and also induces melanotic "tumors." Surprisingly, these GAL4 strains express GAL4 in cells, which seem to be hemocytes, found between the dorsal and ventral surfaces of newly opened wings. Ectopic expression of Ricin A in these cells reduces their number and prevents bonding of the wing surfaces without preventing wing expansion. We propose that hemocytes are present in the wing to phagocytose apoptotic epithelial cells and to synthesize an extracellular matrix that bonds the two wing surfaces together. Hemocytes are known to form melanotic tumors either as part of an innate immune response or under other abnormal conditions, including evidently ectopic PKAc expression. Ectopic expression of PKAc in the presence of the batone mutant causes dominant lethality, suggesting a functional relationship. We propose that batone is required for the release of a hormone necessary for wing expansion and tissue remodeling by hemocytes in the wing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kiger
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
This Account describes how stereochemical ideas focused on chirality have been directed widely across polymer science allowing experiments that could not be conducted on small molecules and leading to new insights and new kinds of materials. In one approach, a helical polymer was studied, and it was discovered how the chiral information necessary to choose helical sense is greatly amplified. In another approach, the racemization kinetics of atropisomers were used to characterize the restrictions to motion associated with a polyelectrolyte that forms clusters around hydrophobic groups in water and in an entirely different system, the glassy state formed by polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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Park JW, Ediger MD, Green MM. Chiral studies in amorphous solids: the effect of the polymeric glassy state on the racemization kinetics of bridged paddled binaphthyls. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:49-56. [PMID: 11273600 DOI: 10.1021/ja0023231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical activity, used here for the first time to gain information about the amorphous solid state, allows previously unavailable insight into the dynamic properties of polymer glasses and their effect on a chemical process. This is accomplished by dispersing in polymer glasses atropisomeric bridged binaphthyls with appended oligophenyl paddles of varying sizes and studying the racemization kinetics as a function of temperature. The racemization occurs by a simple one-dimensional twisting motion and, without effect on the intrinsic mechanism, sweeps out a variable volume of the matrix as the paddle length is increased. The racemization is limited by the polymer matrix only for probes with a minimum paddle size and only when the time scale for racemization is comparable to the time scale for segmental motion of the polymer matrix. The high barrier for this racemization is unique in probe studies of glasses and causes these overlapping time scales to occur significantly below the glass transition temperature. These measurements yield a clear quantitative view of the role of segmental dynamics on the racemization kinetics of the binaphthyls and allow the important demonstration, via the transition from first-order to stretched exponential kinetics, that heterogeneous dynamics persist deep within the glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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Muellers BT, Park JW, Brookhart MS, Green MM. Glassy State and Secondary Structures of Chiral Macromolecules: Polyisocyanates and Polyketones. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. T. Muellers
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11210, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - J.-W. Park
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11210, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - M. S. Brookhart
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11210, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - M. M. Green
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11210, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Abstract
We describe here the isolation and cytogenetic characterization of a mutation inseparabile which generates in males a high frequency of A-X females. The mutation, segregating in low frequency in a laboratory stock, maps to cytological location 82F7-11 in the third chromosome. The mutation acts premeiotically in the male germ line. Disrupting the X chromosome centromeric heterochromatin suppresses the formation of A-X chromosome, implying that the mutation is involved in chromatid cohesion. The inseparabile mutation also affects disjunction of the chromosome 4 in males. We suspect that the mutation was responsible for the original A-X female found by L. V. Morgan in 1921.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Pruthi RK, Heit JA, Green MM, Emiliusen LM, Nichols WL, Wilke JL, Gastineau DA. Venous thromboembolism after hip fracture surgery in a patient with haemophilia B and factor V Arg506Gln (factor V Leiden). Haemophilia 2000; 6:631-4. [PMID: 11122387 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2000.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with mild haemophilia B who developed symptomatic venous thromboembolism after hip arthroplasty for a traumatic fracture. A deep vein thrombosis developed in the operated leg while he was receiving a high-purity factor IX concentrate. Subsequently, he was determined to be a heterozygous carrier for the factor V Arg506Gln (Leiden) mutation. This case illustrates the importance of providing thromboprophylaxis for all patients with haemophilia receiving coagulation factor replacement and who undergo surgical procedures known to be associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism. In patients with haemophilia and a family history of venous thromboembolism, preoperative screening for the presence of the factor V Arg506Gln mutation and other thrombophilias may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Pruthi
- Comprehensive Hemophilia Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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37
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Cheon KS, Selinger JV, Green MM. Designing a Helical Polymer that Reverses its Handedness at a Selected, Continuously Variable, Temperature We would like to thank R. L. B. Selinger for helpful discussions. The Office of Naval Research supported the work at both the Polytechnic University and the Naval Research Laboratory. The work at the Polytechnic University was also supported by the Chemistry and Polymers Programs of the National Science Foundation and by the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society. We are grateful to Professor Krzysztof Matyjaszewski of Carnegie-Mellon University for a discussion that led to the development of this work. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:1482-1485. [PMID: 10777649 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(20000417)39:8<1482::aid-anie1482>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KS Cheon
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute Polytechnic University Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 (USA)
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38
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Abstract
Cooperative phenomena, described by one-dimensional statistical physical methods, are observed between the enantiomeric characteristics of monomeric materials and the polymers they produce. The effect of minute energies associated with this amplified chirality, although currently not interpretable, can be easily measured. Nonlinear relationships between enantiomeric excess or enantiomeric content and polymer properties may offer the possibility of developing chiral catalysts and chiral chromatographic materials in which the burden of large enantiomeric excess or content may be considerably alleviated. New approaches to information and sensor technology may become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- MM Green
- Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201 (USA)
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Johnson HM, Torres BA, Green MM, Szente BE, Siler KI, Larkin J, Subramaniam PS. Hypothesis: ligand/receptor-assisted nuclear translocation of STATs. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 1998; 218:149-55. [PMID: 9648932 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-218-44282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT transcription factors are mediators of signal transduction of a variety of factors, including interferons (IFNs), interleukins, growth factors, and peptide hormones. Subsequent to activation, STATs are translocated to the nucleus apparently through the well-described importin/Ran system, where they activate target genes. Molecules utilizing this nuclear import system require specific nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). Paradoxically, such NLSs are not identifiable on STATs, thus raising the question of how they are imported into the nucleus. Of considerable interest is the observation that ligands and/or receptors that signal through STATs contain putative NLSs and, where examined, either ligand or receptor undergoes nuclear translocation. We hypothesize that ligands and/or their receptors serve as vehicles for the nuclear translocation of STATs, and that they may be directly involved in signal transduction. Using IFNgamma as a model system, we provide a possible mechanism for how this direct role is fulfilled. A functional NLS has been identified in a C-terminal domain of IFNgamma. This domain and the NLS contained within are crucial for the biological properties of IFNgamma in that a peptide encompassing this domain is sufficient to induce an antiviral state. Further, this domain binds specifically to a membrane-proximal region internal cytoplasmic domain of the alpha subunit of the receptor complex in a region that is directly involved in the recruitment and activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. We suggest that this novel mode of receptor recognition and activation may be a driving force for nuclear translocation of molecules like STATs that are associated with the ligand-receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Johnson HM, Torres BA, Green MM, Szente BE, Siler KI, Larkin J, Subramaniam PS. Cytokine-receptor complexes as chaperones for nuclear translocation of signal transducers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 244:607-14. [PMID: 9535713 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of ligands that include interleukins, interferons, and growth hormones activate STAT transcriptions factors. When activated, STATs are translocated to the nucleus apparently through the well described importin/Ran system where they activate target genes. Molecules utilizing this nuclear import system require specific nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). Paradoxically, such NLSs are not identifiable on STATs, raising the question of how they are imported into the nucleus. Surprisingly, most ligands and/or receptors that signal through STATs contain putative NLSs, and where examined either ligand or receptor undergo nuclear translocation. We hypothesize that these ligands and/or their receptors serve as chaperones in the nuclear translocation of STATs, and that they may be directly involved in signal transduction. Using IFN gamma as a model system we provide a possible mechanism for how this direct role is fulfilled. A C-terminal domain of IFN gamma has been identified that contains a functional NLS. Besides the fact that this domain, and the NLS in particular, is crucial for the biological properties of IFN gamma, a peptide encompassing this domain is sufficient to induce an antiviral state. Moreover, this domain interacts exclusively with an internal cytoplasmic domain of a subunit of the receptor complex in a region that is directly involved in the recruitment and activation of the elements of the JAK/STAT pathway. We suggest that this novel mode of receptor recognition and activation may be a driving force for nuclear translocation of molecules like STATs that are associated with the ligand-receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Green MM, Larkin J, Subramaniam PS, Szente BE, Johnson HM. Human IFN gamma receptor cytoplasmic domain: expression and interaction with HuIFN gamma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 243:170-6. [PMID: 9473500 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the structural basis for human interferon gamma (huIFN gamma) binding to intracellular regions of the human IFN gamma receptor (huIFN gamma R), we have subcloned and expressed the huIFN gamma R free of fusion proteins in the yeast strain Pichia pastoris. HuIFN gamma bound to the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor via the IFN gamma C-terminus. Binding was inhibited by both human and mouse C-terminus peptides. N-terminus peptides failed to inhibit cytoplasmic binding. Thus, while extracellular receptor domain binding is species specific, binding to the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor is species non-specific. In solid-phase binding assays, IFN gamma had a Kd of 3.7 x 10(-8) M for the newly expressed cytoplasmic domain. Peptide competitions showed that IFN gamma bound to a receptor site corresponding to the membrane proximal residues 253-287, which is adjacent to the site of binding of the tyrosine kinase JAK2. The cytoplasmic binding affinity and binding site specificity suggest that the huIFN gamma R cytoplasmic domain can function independent of the extracellular domain to bind huIFN gamma and induce the biological activity previously associated with internalized huIFN gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
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LeBoeuf RD, Ban EM, Green MM, Stone AS, Propst SM, Blalock JE, Tauber JD. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, expression, and tissue distribution of suppressin, a novel suppressor of cell cycle entry. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:361-8. [PMID: 9417089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.1.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressin (SPN) is an inhibitor of cell proliferation that was originally identified and purified to homogeneity from bovine pituitaries (LeBoeuf, R. D., Burns, J. N., Bost, K. L., and Blalock, J. E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 158-165). In this report we have cloned the full-length cDNA encoding rat SPN and have identified the tissue distribution of SPN expression. The cDNA of SPN is 1882 nucleotides with a 1488-base coding region and 55 and 339 nucleotides of 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences, respectively. Northern gel analysis of rat pituitary mRNA showed a single hybridizing species at approximately 2 kilobases. Sequence analyses showed that the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of SPN are novel and unrelated to any known vertebrate inhibitors of proliferation. However, the deduced amino acid sequence of SPN contains two domains that have extensive sequence identity with a recently cloned transcription activator in Drosophila, deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1, see Gross, C. T., and McGinnis, W. (1996) EMBO J. 15, 1961-1970) suggesting that SPN represents a vertebrate cognate of deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the SPN mRNA and the SPN protein are expressed in every tissue examined including testis, spleen, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and brain suggesting that SPN may be involved in the control of proliferation in a variety of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D LeBoeuf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Hutt PJ, Pisciotta AV, Fairbanks VF, Thibodeau SN, Green MM. DNA sequence analysis proves Hb M-Milwaukee-2 is due to beta-globin gene codon 92 (CAC-->TAC), the presumed mutation of Hb M-Hyde Park and Hb M-Akita. Hemoglobin 1998; 22:1-10. [PMID: 9494043 DOI: 10.3109/03630269809071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the causes of congenital methemoglobinemia, Hb M-Milwaukee-2 was one of the earliest described, in a patient who also had Hb E trait. The structure of Hb M-Milwaukee-2 has been elusive. DNA sequence analysis, as here reported, proves that this hemoglobin variant is due to the mutation CAC-->TAC at codon 92 of the beta-globin gene, corresponding to the substitution of tyrosine for histidine. This mutation is identical with that presumed to be the cause of Hb M-Hyde Park and Hb M-Akita. In addition, the DNA mutation of Hb E, GAG-->AAG at codon 26, was confirmed in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hutt
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hutt PJ, Fairbanks VF, Thibodeau SN, Green MM, Hoyer JD, Block SH, Day C, Jones RT, Barwick RC. Hb T-Cambodia, a beta chain variant with the mutations of Hb E and Hb D-Punjab, confirmed by DNA analysis. Hemoglobin 1997; 21:205-18. [PMID: 9140717 DOI: 10.3109/03630269708997381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin variants with two amino acid substitutions affecting one globin chain are relatively rare. Hb T-Cambodia, a doubly substituted beta-globin variant, was characterized previously by amino acid sequencing as having sequence alterations in beta 26 (beta 8)Glu-->Lys and beta 121(GH4) Glu-->Gln (1). It is a variant that migrates cathodic to Hb A2 on alkaline electrophoresis and with Hb A on acid citrate agar electrophoresis. We report here the mutations of Hb T-Cambodia at the nucleotide level using DNA sequencing, in beta-globin gene codon 121 (GAA-->CAA) and in codon 26 (GAG-->AAG). These are the mutations of Hb D-Punjab and Hb E, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hutt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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47
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Hutt PJ, Fairbanks VF, Griffin TC, Thibodeau SN, Green MM, Hoyer JD. Hb Cook [beta 132(H10)Lys-->Thr]: a new hemoglobin variant in a southeast Asian family. Hemoglobin 1996; 20:371-6. [PMID: 8936463 DOI: 10.3109/03630269609005841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 700 hemoglobin variants have been reported, causing a variety of clinical manifestations, with the majority being clinically silent. We report a new hemoglobin variant, Hb Cook, that was found in combination with Hb E in a child of Thai origin. DNA sequencing of the beta-globin gene showed that the mutation is AAA-->ACA in codon 132, corresponding to beta 132 (H10)Lys-->Thr.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hutt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Yue S, Berry GC, Green MM. Intermolecular Association and Supramolecular Organization in Dilute Solution. 2. Light Scattering and Optical Activity of Poly(p-biphenylylmethyl l-glutamate). Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960310v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - G. C. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - M. M. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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Hutt PJ, Donaldson MH, Khatri J, Fairbanks VF, Hoyer JD, Thibodeau SN, Moxness MS, McMorrow LE, Green MM, Jones RT. Hemoglobin S/hemoglobin Osler: a case with 3 beta globin chains. DNA sequence (AAT) proves that Hb Osler is beta 145 Tyr-->Asn. Am J Hematol 1996; 52:305-9. [PMID: 8701949 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199608)52:4<305::aid-ajh10>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A 13-year-old African-American female with erythrocytosis and three different beta globins on electrophoresis beta A, beta S, and beta Osler, raised the possibility that one chromosome 11 might contain a duplicated beta globin gene, since there are normally only 2 beta globin genes. DNA sequence analysis showed GTG at codon 6 in exon 1, corresponding to Hb S and AAT at codon 145 in exon 3, indicating a substitution of Asn for Tyr. Thus, Hb Osler undergoes spontaneous post-translational deamidation, beta 145 Asn-->beta 145 Asp. Unmodified Hb Osler (Asn) co-migrates with Hb A on electrophoresis and co-elutes with Hb A on HPLC; therefore it has not been identified previously. All previous studies have incorrectly identified the mutation as being beta 145 (HC 2) Tyr-->Asp.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hutt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Green
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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