1
|
Srivastava K, Boyle ND, Flaman GT, Ramaswami B, van den Berg A, van der Stam W, Burgess IJ, Odijk M. In situ spatiotemporal characterization and analysis of chemical reactions using an ATR-integrated microfluidic reactor. Lab Chip 2023; 23:4690-4700. [PMID: 37818681 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining kinetic reaction parameters with great detail has been of utmost importance in the field of chemical reaction engineering. However, commonly used experimental and computational methods however are unable to provide sufficiently resolved spatiotemporal information that can aid in the process of understanding these chemical reactions. With our work, we demonstrate the use of a custom designed single-bounce ATR-integrated microfluidic reactor to obtain spatiotemporal resolution for in situ monitoring of chemical reactions. Having a single-bounce ATR accessory allows us to individually address different sensing areas, thereby providing the ability to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information. To further enhance the spatial resolution, we utilize the benefits of synchrotron IR radiation with the smallest beam spot-size ∼150 μm. An on-flow modular microreactor additionally allows us to monitor the chemical reaction in situ, where the temporal characterization can be controlled with the operational flowrate. With a unique combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations, we characterize and analyse a model SN2 reaction. For a chemical reaction between benzyl bromide (BB) and sodium azide (SA) to produce benzyl azide (BA), we successfully show the capability of our device to determine the diffusion coefficients of BB and SA as 0.367 ± 0.115 10-9 m2 s-1 and 1.17 ± 0.723 10-9 m2 s-1, respectively. Finally, with the above characteristics of our device, we also calculate a reaction rate of k = 0.0005 (m3s-1mol-1) for the given chemical reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology and Max Planck Institute of Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - N D Boyle
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - G T Flaman
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - B Ramaswami
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology and Max Planck Institute of Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - W van der Stam
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - I J Burgess
- Burgess Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan Canada, Canada.
| | - M Odijk
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, Mesa+ Institute of Nanotechnology and Max Planck Institute of Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vollertsen AR, de Boer D, Dekker S, Wesselink BAM, Haverkate R, Rho HS, Boom RJ, Skolimowski M, Blom M, Passier R, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Odijk M. Modular operation of microfluidic chips for highly parallelized cell culture and liquid dosing via a fluidic circuit board. Microsyst Nanoeng 2020; 6:107. [PMID: 34567716 PMCID: PMC8433198 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems enable automated and highly parallelized cell culture with low volumes and defined liquid dosing. To achieve this, systems typically integrate all functions into a single, monolithic device as a "one size fits all" solution. However, this approach limits the end users' (re)design flexibility and complicates the addition of new functions to the system. To address this challenge, we propose and demonstrate a modular and standardized plug-and-play fluidic circuit board (FCB) for operating microfluidic building blocks (MFBBs), whereby both the FCB and the MFBBs contain integrated valves. A single FCB can parallelize up to three MFBBs of the same design or operate MFBBs with entirely different architectures. The operation of the MFBBs through the FCB is fully automated and does not incur the cost of an extra external footprint. We use this modular platform to control three microfluidic large-scale integration (mLSI) MFBBs, each of which features 64 microchambers suitable for cell culturing with high spatiotemporal control. We show as a proof of principle that we can culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for multiple days in the chambers of this MFBB. Moreover, we also use the same FCB to control an MFBB for liquid dosing with a high dynamic range. Our results demonstrate that MFBBs with different designs can be controlled and combined on a single FCB. Our novel modular approach to operating an automated microfluidic system for parallelized cell culture will enable greater experimental flexibility and facilitate the cooperation of different chips from different labs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Vollertsen
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - D. de Boer
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S. Dekker
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - B. A. M. Wesselink
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R. Haverkate
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - H. S. Rho
- Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. Boom
- Micronit Microtechnologies, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Blom
- Micronit Microtechnologies, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R. Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A. van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A. D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M. Odijk
- BIOS Lab on Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Solsona M, Vollenbroek JC, Tregouet CBM, Nieuwelink AE, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Weckhuysen BM, Odijk M. Microfluidics and catalyst particles. Lab Chip 2019; 19:3575-3601. [PMID: 31559978 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the latest advances and future perspectives of microfluidics for micro/nanoscale catalyst particle synthesis and analysis. In the first section, we present an overview of the different methods to synthesize catalysts making use of microfluidics and in the second section, we critically review catalyst particle characterization using microfluidics. The strengths and challenges of these approaches are highlighted with various showcases selected from the recent literature. In the third section, we give our opinion on the future perspectives of the combination of catalytic nanostructures and microfluidics. We anticipate that in the synthesis and analysis of individual catalyst particles, generation of higher throughput and better understanding of transport inside individual porous catalyst particles are some of the most important benefits of microfluidics for catalyst research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Solsona
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J C Vollenbroek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - C B M Tregouet
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A-E Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Olthuis
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - B M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
In this review we discuss recent developments in the emerging research field of miniaturized desalination. Traditionally desalination is performed to convert salt water into potable water and research is focused on improving performance of large-scale desalination plants. Microfluidic desalination offers several new opportunities in comparison to macro-scale desalination, such as providing a platform to increase fundamental knowledge of ion transport on the nano- and microfluidic scale and new microfluidic sample preparation methods. This approach has also lead to the development of new desalination techniques, based on micro/nanofluidic ion-transport phenomena, which are potential candidates for up-scaling to (portable) drinking water devices. This review assesses microfluidic desalination techniques on their applications and is meant to contribute to further implementation of microfluidic desalination techniques in the lab-on-chip community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Roelofs
- BIOS - the Lab-on-a-Chip group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Straver MG, Odijk M, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. A simple method to fabricate electrochemical sensor systems with predictable high-redox cycling amplification. Lab Chip 2012; 12:1548-1553. [PMID: 22361973 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper an easy to fabricate SU8/glass-based microfluidic sensor is described with two closely spaced parallel electrodes for highly selective measurements using the redox cycling effect. By varying the length of the microfluidic entrance channel, a diffusion barrier is created for non-cycling species effectively increasing selectivity for redox cycling species. Using this sensor, a redox cycling amplification of ∼6500× is measured using the ferrocyanide redox couple. Moreover, a simple, but accurate analytical expression is derived that predicts the amplification factor based on the sensor geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Straver
- BIOS/Lab-on-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Odijk M, Baumann A, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Karst U. Electrochemistry-on-chip for on-line conversions in drug metabolism studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1521-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Odijk M, Baumann A, Lohmann W, van den Brink FTG, Olthuis W, Karst U, van den Berg A. A microfluidic chip for electrochemical conversions in drug metabolism studies. Lab Chip 2009; 9:1687-1693. [PMID: 19495451 DOI: 10.1039/b822962g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a microfluidic microreactor chip for electrochemical conversion of analytes, containing a palladium reference electrode and platinum working and counter electrodes. The counter electrode is placed in a separate side-channel on chip to prevent unwanted side-products appearing in the measured spectrograms. Using this chip, cyclic voltammograms are measured in volumes of 9.6 nL. Furthermore the conversion efficiency of ferricyanide is characterized using UV/vis-spectroscopy. We have obtained an on-line conversion of 97% using a flow rate of 1 microL/min. We have used the microreactor chip to study the electrochemical metabolism pathway of amodiaquine using electrochemistry (EC)-liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). We have compared our results with measurements obtained with commercially available electrochemical flow-through cells. Using our chip it was possible to obtain similar results. Therefore, we have fabricated an electrochemical cell on-chip which is used successfully in EC-UV/vis and EC-LC-MS experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Odijk
- BIOS - the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Odijk M, Olthuis W, Dam V, van den Berg A. Simulation of Redox-Cycling Phenomena at Interdigitated Array (IDA) Electrodes: Amplification and Selectivity. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
De Roo A, Odijk M, Schmuck G, Koster E, Lucieer A. Assessing the effects of land use changes on floods in the meuse and oder catchment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-1909(01)00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|