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Bui TTA, Wright SAI, Falk AB, Vanwalleghem T, Van Hemelrijck W, Hertog MLATM, Keulemans J, Davey MW. Botrytis cinerea differentially induces postharvest antioxidant responses in 'Braeburn' and 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5662-5670. [PMID: 31150567 PMCID: PMC6771965 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit of two apple cultivars - 'Braeburn', which is susceptible to inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, and the less susceptible cv. 'Golden Delicious' - were investigated with respect to their response to inoculation with B. cinerea. Successful infection by B. cinerea leads to an oxidative burst and perturbation of plant redox homeostasis. To investigate the interaction between apple fruit and B. cinerea, antioxidant metabolism in fruit samples from sun-exposed and shaded sides of different tissue types was measured over time. RESULTS The sun-exposed tissue of 'Braeburn' had higher initial levels of total vitamin C in the peel and phenolic compounds in the flesh than 'Golden Delicious', despite its greater susceptibility to gray mold. A substantial antioxidant response was recorded in diseased 'Braeburn' fruit 14 days after inoculation, which involved an elevated superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbate peroxidase activity, a progressive oxidation of total vitamin C, and a decrease in peroxidase activity and phenolic content. Disease development was slower on the sun-exposed sides than on the shaded sides. CONCLUSION The two cultivars appeared to utilize different strategies to defend themselves against B. cinerea. 'Golden Delicious' almost entirely escaped infection. Preharvest exposure of apple fruit to high light / temperature stress appears to prepare them to better resist subsequent postharvest attack and disease. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet TA Bui
- Lab. of Fruit Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sandra AI Wright
- Section of BiologyFaculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of GävleGävleSweden
| | | | | | | | - Maarten LATM Hertog
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johan Keulemans
- Lab. of Fruit Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mark W Davey
- Lab. of Fruit Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Mellidou I, Buts K, Hatoum D, Ho QT, Johnston JW, Watkins CB, Schaffer RJ, Gapper NE, Giovannoni JJ, Rudell DR, Hertog MLATM, Nicolai BM. Transcriptomic events associated with internal browning of apple during postharvest storage. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:328. [PMID: 25430515 PMCID: PMC4272543 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postharvest ripening of apple (Malus x domestica) can be slowed down by low temperatures, and a combination of low O2 and high CO2 levels. While this maintains the quality of most fruit, occasionally storage disorders such as flesh browning can occur. This study aimed to explore changes in the apple transcriptome associated with a flesh browning disorder related to controlled atmosphere storage using RNA-sequencing techniques. Samples from a browning-susceptible cultivar ('Braeburn') were stored for four months under controlled atmosphere. Based on a visual browning index, the inner and outer cortex of the stored apples was classified as healthy or affected tissue. RESULTS Over 600 million short single-end reads were mapped onto the Malus consensus coding sequence set, and differences in the expression profiles between healthy and affected tissues were assessed to identify candidate genes associated with internal browning in a tissue-specific manner. Genes involved in lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and cell wall modifications were highly modified in the affected inner cortex, while energy-related and stress-related genes were mostly altered in the outer cortex. The expression levels of several of them were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Additionally, a set of novel browning-specific differentially expressed genes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, was validated in apples stored for various periods at different controlled atmosphere conditions, giving rise to potential biomarkers associated with high risk of browning development. CONCLUSIONS The gene expression data presented in this study will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of browning development in apples at controlled atmosphere storage. A conceptual model, including energy-related (linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain) and lipid-related genes (related to membrane alterations, and fatty acid oxidation), for browning development in apple is proposed, which may be relevant for future studies towards improving the postharvest life of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Kim Buts
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Darwish Hatoum
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Quang Tri Ho
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Jason W Johnston
- />The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | | | - Robert J Schaffer
- />The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- />The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Nigel E Gapper
- />Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- />Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jim J Giovannoni
- />Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- />Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - David R Rudell
- />Fruit Tree Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Wenatchee, WA 9880 USA
| | - Maarten LATM Hertog
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
| | - Bart M Nicolai
- />Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
- />Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
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Goeminne PC, Vandendriessche T, Van Eldere J, Nicolai BM, Hertog MLATM, Dupont LJ. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum headspace through volatile organic compound analysis. Respir Res 2012; 13:87. [PMID: 23031195 PMCID: PMC3489698 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pulmonary infection is the hallmark of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Searching for faster and easier screening may lead to faster diagnosis and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Our aim was to analyze and build a model to predict the presence of P. aeruginosa in sputa. METHODS Sputa from 28 bronchiectatic patients were used for bacterial culturing and analysis of volatile compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data analysis and model building were done by Partial Least Squares Regression Discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Two analysis were performed: one comparing P. aeruginosa positive with negative cultures at study visit (PA model) and one comparing chronic colonization according to the Leeds criteria with P. aeruginosa negative patients (PACC model). RESULTS The PA model prediction of P. aeruginosa presence was rather poor, with a high number of false positives and false negatives. On the other hand, the PACC model was stable and explained chronic P. aeruginosa presence for 95% with 4 PLS-DA factors, with a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION Our study shows the potential for building a prediction model for the presence of chronic P. aeruginosa based on volatiles from sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter C Goeminne
- Department of Lung Disease, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Bulens I, Van de Poel B, Hertog MLATM, De Proft MP, Geeraerd AH, Nicolaï BM. Protocol: An updated integrated methodology for analysis of metabolites and enzyme activities of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Methods 2011; 7:17. [PMID: 21696643 PMCID: PMC3142538 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The foundations for ethylene research were laid many years ago by researchers such as Lizada, Yang and Hoffman. Nowadays, most of the methods developed by them are still being used. Technological developments since then have led to small but significant improvements, contributing to a more efficient workflow. Despite this, many of these improvements have never been properly documented. RESULTS This article provides an updated, integrated set of protocols suitable for the assembly of a complete picture of ethylene biosynthesis, including the measurement of ethylene itself. The original protocols for the metabolites 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid have been updated and downscaled, while protocols to determine in vitro activities of the key enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase have been optimised for efficiency, repeatability and accuracy. All the protocols described were optimised for apple fruit, but have been proven to be suitable for the analysis of tomato fruit as well. CONCLUSIONS This work collates an integrated set of detailed protocols for the measurement of components of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, starting from well-established methods. These protocols have been optimised for smaller sample volumes, increased efficiency, repeatability and accuracy. The detailed protocol allows other scientists to rapidly implement these methods in their own laboratories in a consistent and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Bulens
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten LATM Hertog
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurice P De Proft
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Katholieke, Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2427, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemie H Geeraerd
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Nicolaï
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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