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Waghela BN, Pandit RJ, Puvar A, Shah FD, Patel PS, Vora H, Sheth H, Tarapara B, Pandya S, Joshi CG, Joshi MN. Identification of novel exonic variants contributing to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in west Indian population. Gene 2023; 852:147070. [PMID: 36427680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are the most common cancer types in females worldwide and in India. Patients with these cancers require an early diagnosis which is essential for better prognosis, treatment and improved patient survival. Recently, the utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based screening has accelerated molecular diagnosis of various cancers. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 30 patients who had a first or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer and are tested negative for BRCA1/2 or other high and moderate-risk genes reported for HBOC. WES data from patients were analyzed and variants were called using bcftools. Functional annotation of variants and variant prioritization was performed by Exomiser. The clinical significance of variants was determined as per ACMG classification using Varsome tool. The functional analysis of genes was determined by STRING analysis and disease association was determined by open target tool. We found novel variants and gene candidates having significant association with HBOC conditions. The genes identified by exomiser (phenotype score > 0.75) are associated with various biological processes such as DNA integrity maintenance, transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Our findings provide novel and prevalent gene variants associated with the HBOC condition in the West Indian population which could be further studied for early diagnosis and better prognosis of HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Ramesh J Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Apurvasinh Puvar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Franky D Shah
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Hemangini Vora
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Harsh Sheth
- Frige House, Jodhpur Gam Rd, Satellite, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Bhoomi Tarapara
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Shashank Pandya
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011, India.
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Nanjani S, Patel Z, Sharma S, Pandita PR, Pandit R, Joshi MN, Patel AK, Joshi C. Transcriptome profiling reveals upregulation of benzoate degradation and related genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa D6 during textile dye degradation. Environ Res 2022; 212:113288. [PMID: 35427588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An upsurge in textile dye pollution has demanded immediate efforts to develop an optimum technology for their bioremediation. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning aerobic decolorization of dyes is still in its infancy. Thus, in the current work, the intricacies of aerobic remediation of textile dyes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa D6 were understood via a transcriptomic approach. The bacterium isolated from the sludge sample of a common effluent treatment plant was able to decolorize 54.42, 57.66, 50.84 and 65.86% of 100 mg L-1 of four different dyes i.e., TD01, TD04, TD05, and TD06, respectively. The maximum decolorization was achieved within six days and thus, the first and sixth day of incubation were selected for transcriptome analysis at the early and late phase of the decolorization, respectively. The expression profiles of all samples were compared to gain insight into the dye-specific response of bacterium and it was found that it behaved most uniquely in the presence of the dye TD01. Several genes critical to core metabolic processes like the TCA cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, translation, cell motility etc. Were found to be overexpressed in the presence of dyes. Interestingly, in response to dyes, the benzoate degradation pathway was significantly upregulated in the bacterium as compared to control (i.e., bacterium without dye). Thus, seven genes contributing to the induction of the same were further studied by RT-qPCR analysis. Overall, the involvement of the benzoate pathway implies the appearance of aromatic intermediates during decolorization, which in turn infers dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Nanjani
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Zarna Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Priti Raj Pandita
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Ramesh Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India.
| | - Amrutlal K Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India.
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
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Chaudhari AM, Vyas S, Singh V, Patel A, Joshi C, Joshi MN. CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Knockout of SagD Gene for Overexpression of Streptokinase in Streptococcus equisimilis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030635. [PMID: 35336210 PMCID: PMC8953821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptokinase is an enzyme that can break down the blood clots in some cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack), pulmonary embolism, and arterial thromboembolism. Demand for streptokinase is higher globally than production due to increased incidences of various heart conditions. The main source of streptokinase is various strains of Streptococci. Expression of streptokinase in native strain Streptococcus equisimilis is limited due to the SagD gene-mediated post-translational modification of streptolysin, an inhibitor of streptokinase expression through the degradation of FasX small RNA (through CoV/RS), which stabilizes streptokinase mRNA. In order to improve the stability of mRNA and increase the expression of streptokinase, which is inhibited by SagA, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to successfully knockout the SagD gene and observed a 13.58-fold increased expression of streptokinase at the transcript level and 1.48-fold higher expression at the protein level in the mutant strain compared to wild type. We have demonstrated the successful gene knockout of SagD using CRISPR-Cas9 in S. equisimilis, where an engineered strain can be further used for overexpression of streptokinase for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armi M. Chaudhari
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, MS Building, 6th Floor, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat, India; (A.M.C.); (S.V.); (A.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Sachin Vyas
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, MS Building, 6th Floor, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat, India; (A.M.C.); (S.V.); (A.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India;
| | - Amrutlal Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, MS Building, 6th Floor, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat, India; (A.M.C.); (S.V.); (A.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, MS Building, 6th Floor, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat, India; (A.M.C.); (S.V.); (A.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Madhvi N. Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, MS Building, 6th Floor, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat, India; (A.M.C.); (S.V.); (A.P.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-79-23258677
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Patel KM, Bhatt AD, Shah K, Waghela BN, Pandit RJ, Sheth H, Joshi CG, Joshi MN. Molecular Diagnosis of Muscular Dystrophy Patients in Western Indian Population: A Comprehensive Mutation Analysis Using Amplicon Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:770350. [PMID: 34925456 PMCID: PMC8679082 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.770350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular Dystrophies (MDs) are a group of inherited diseases and heterogeneous in nature. To date, 40 different genes have been reported for the occurrence and/or progression of MDs. This study was conducted to demonstrate the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in developing a time-saving and cost-effective diagnostic method to detect single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) in a single test. A total of 123 cases clinically suspected of MD were enrolled in this study. Amplicon panel-based diagnosis was carried out for 102 (DMD/BMD) cases and the results were further screened using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Whilst in the case of LGMD (N = 19) and UMD (N = 2), only NGS panel-based analysis was carried out. We identified the large deletions in 74.50% (76/102) of the cases screened with query DMD or BMD. Further, the large deletion in CAPN3 gene (N = 3) and known SNV mutations (N = 4) were identified in LGMD patients. Together, the total diagnosis rate for this amplicon panel was 70.73% (87/123) which demonstrated the utility of panel-based diagnosis for high throughput, affordable, and time-saving diagnostic strategy. Collectively, present study demonstrates that the panel based NGS sequencing could be superior over to MLPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal M Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Arpan D Bhatt
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Krati Shah
- ONE-Centre for Rheumatology and Genetics, Vadodara, India
| | - Bhargav N Waghela
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ramesh J Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Harsh Sheth
- Foundation for Research in Genetics and Endocrinology (FRIGE), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Kadri MSN, Patel KM, Bhargava PA, Shah FD, Badgujar NV, Tarapara BV, Patel PS, Shaikh MI, Shah K, Patel A, Pandya S, Vora H, Joshi CG, Joshi MN. Mutational Landscape for Indian Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cohort Suggests Need for Identifying Population Specific Genes and Biomarkers for Screening. Front Oncol 2021; 10:568786. [PMID: 33552952 PMCID: PMC7859489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast and ovarian cancers are the most prevalent cancers and one of the leading causes of death in Indian women. The healthcare burden of breast and ovarian cancers and the rise in mortality rate are worrying and stress the need for early detection and treatment. Methods We performed amplicon sequencing of 144 cases who had breast/ovarian cancer disease (total 137 cases are patients and seven are tested for BRCA1/2 carrier) Using our custom designed gene panel consisting of 14 genes, that are associated with high to moderate risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Variants were called using Torrent Variant Caller and were annotated using ThermoFisher's Ion Reporter software. Classification of variants and their clinical significance were identified by searching the variants against ClinVar database. Results From a total of 144 cases, we were able to detect 42 pathogenic mutations in [40/144] cases. Majority of pathogenic mutations (30/41) were detected in BRCA1 gene, while (7/41) pathogenic mutations were detected in BRCA2 gene, whereas, (2/41) pathogenic mutations were detected in TP53 gene and BRIP1, PALB2, and ATM genes respectively. So, BRCA genes contributed 88.09% of pathogenic mutations, whereas non-BRCA genes contributed 11.91% of pathogenic mutations. We were also able to detect 25 VUS which were predicted to be damaging by in silico prediction tools. Conclusion Early detection of cancers in the Indian population can be done by genetic screening using customized multi-gene panels. Indications of our findings show that in the Indian population, apart from the common BRCA genes, there are other genes that are also responsible for the disease. High frequency mutations detected in the study and variants of uncertain significance predicted to be damaging by in silico pathogenicity prediction tools can be potential biomarkers of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in Indian HBOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shaad N Kadri
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Komal M Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Poonam A Bhargava
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Franky D Shah
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nutan V Badgujar
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | - Mohammed Inayatullah Shaikh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Krati Shah
- Clinical Genetics, ONE-Centre for Rheumatology and Genetics, Vadodara, India
| | - Apurva Patel
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shashank Pandya
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hemangini Vora
- Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Puvar AC, Nathani NM, Shaikh I, Bhatt AD, Bhargava P, Joshi CG, Joshi MN. Bacterial line of defense in Dirinaria lichen from two different ecosystems: First genomic insights of its mycobiont Dirinaria sp. GBRC AP01. Microbiol Res 2019; 233:126407. [PMID: 31945518 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lichens have been widely studied for their symbiotic properties and for the secondary metabolites production by its fungal symbiont. Recent molecular studies have confirmed coexistence of bacteria along with the fungal and algal symbionts. Direct nucleic acid study by -omics approaches is providing better insights into their structural and functional dynamics. However, genomic analysis of individual members of lichen is difficult by the conventional approach. Hence, genome assembly from metagenome data needs standardization in the eukaryotic system like lichens. The present study aimed at metagenomic characterization of rock associated lichen Dirinaria collected from Kutch and Dang regions of Gujarat, followed by genome reconstruction and annotation of the mycobiont Dirinaria. The regions considered in the study are eco-geographically highly variant. The results revealed higher alpha diversity in the dry region Kutch as compared to the tropical forest associated lichen from Dang. Ascomycota was the most abundant eukaryote while Proteobacteria dominated the bacterial population. There were 23 genera observed only in the Kutch lichen (KL) and one genus viz., Candidatus Vecturithrix unique to the Dang lichen (DL). The exclusive bacterial genera in the Kutch mostly belonged to groups reported for stress tolerance and earlier isolated from lithobionts of extreme niches. The assembled data of KL & DL were further used for genome reconstruction of Dirinaria sp. using GC and tetra-pentamer parameters and reassembly that resulted into a final draft genome of 31.7 Mb and 9556 predicted genes. Twenty-eight biosynthesis gene clusters were predicted that included genes for polyketide, indole and terpene synthesis. Association analysis of bacteria and mycobiont revealed 8 pathways specific to bacteria with implications in lichen symbiosis and environment interaction. The study provides the first draft genome of the entire fungal Dirinaria genus and provides insights into the Dirinaria lichen metagenome from Gujarat region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurvasinh C Puvar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, 382011, Gujarat, India; Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University (HNGU), Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Neelam M Nathani
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, 382011, Gujarat, India
| | - Inayatullah Shaikh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, 382011, Gujarat, India
| | - Arpan D Bhatt
- Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University (HNGU), Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Poonam Bhargava
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, 382011, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, 382011, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, 382011, Gujarat, India.
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Joshi MN, Raut AV. Maternal depression and its association with responsive feeding and nutritional status of infants: A cross-sectional study from a rural medical college in central India. J Postgrad Med 2019; 65:212-218. [PMID: 31204726 PMCID: PMC6813688 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_479_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Globally, around half of all under-5 deaths are attributable to undernutrition. The magnitude of child undernutrition in India is one of the highest in the world. Responsive feeding that has the potential to optimize nutrition and development depends on a "healthy mother". Objectives The objective of this study was to find out the magnitude and determinants of maternal depression among mothers of infants who attended immunization clinic in a rural medical college in central India and observe its association with infant-feeding practices and nutritional status of infants. Study Design This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods Study was conducted among consecutively chosen 300 mothers and their infants who visited the immunization clinic of hospital during May-September, 2016. Data were collected individually by interviewing each mother, and anthropometry of her infant was done. The mothers with depression were diagnosed according to the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Magnitude of depression has been reported using frequency and percentage, whereas association has been studied using prevalence odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and logistic regression at 0.05 significance level. Results The magnitude of maternal depression was 19% (95% CI 14.4-23.5). Mothers with depression had significantly higher odds for not indulging in responsive feeding. Maternal education had significant association with maternal depression after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions Burden of maternal depression is high among mothers of infants who attended immunization clinic in a rural medical college in central India and is significantly associated with nonresponsive feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, MGIMS, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - A V Raut
- Department of Community Medicine, MGIMS, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Joshi MN, Whitelaw BC, Palomar MTP, Wu Y, Carroll PV. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypophysitis and endocrine dysfunction: clinical review. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:331-9. [PMID: 26998595 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new and effective class of cancer therapy, with ipilimumab being the most established drug in this category. The drugs' mechanism of action includes promoting the effector T cell response to tumours and therefore increased autoimmunity is a predictable side effect. The endocrine effects of these drugs include hypophysitis and thyroid dysfunction, with rare reports of adrenalitis. The overall incidence of hypophysitis with these medications is up to 9%. Primary thyroid dysfunction occurs in up to 15% of patients, with adrenalitis reported in approximately 1%. The mean onset of endocrine side effects is 9 weeks after initiation (range 5-36 weeks). Investigation and/or screening for hypophysitis requires biochemical and radiological assessment. Hypopituitarism is treated with replacement doses of deficient hormones. Since the endocrine effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are classed as toxic adverse events, most authors recommend both discontinuation of the immune checkpoint inhibiting medication and 'high-dose' glucocorticoid treatment. However, this has been challenged by some authors, particularly if the endocrine effects can be managed (e.g. pituitary hormone deficiency), and the therapy is proving effective as an anticancer agent. This review describes the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors and details the key clinical endocrine-related consequences of this novel class of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Joshi
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B C Whitelaw
- Department of Endocrinology, Kings College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M T P Palomar
- Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Wu
- Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P V Carroll
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Rawal RM, Joshi MN, Bhargava P, Shaikh I, Pandit AS, Patel RP, Patel S, Kothari K, Shah M, Saxena A, Bagatharia SB. Tobacco habituated and non-habituated subjects exhibit different mutational spectrums in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:685-696. [PMID: 28324520 PMCID: PMC4569615 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common non-skin cancer in the world. Tobacco chewing is implicated with most of the cases of HNSCC but this type of cancer is increasing in non-tobacco chewers as well. This study was instigated to provide comprehensive variant and gene-level data in HNSCC subjects of the Indian population and fill the gap in the literature on comparative assessment of gene mutations in cancer subjects with a habit of tobacco and those without any habit using targeted amplicon sequencing. We performed targeted Amplicon sequencing of 409 tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, frequently mutated across many cancer types, including head and neck. DNA from primary tumor tissues and matched blood was analyzed for HNSCC patients with a habit of tobacco and those without any habit. PDE4DIP, SYNE1, and NOTCH1 emerged as the highly mutated genes in HNSCC. A total of 39 candidate causal variants in 22 unique cancer driver genes were identified in non-habitual (WoH) and habitual (WH) subjects. Comparison of genes from both the subjects, showed seven unique cancer driver genes (KIT, ATM, RNF213, GATA2, DST, RET, CYP2C19) in WoH, while WH showed five (IL7R, PKHD1, MLL3, PTPRD, MAPK8) and 10 genes (SETD2, ATR, CDKN2A, NCOA4, TP53, SYNE1, KAT6B, THBS1, PTPRT, and FGFR3) were common to both subjects. In addition to this NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH4 gene were found to be mutated only in habitual subjects. These findings strongly support a causal role for tobacco, acting via PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibition and stimulation of various genes leading to oncogenic transformations in case of tobacco chewers. In case of non-tobacco chewers it appears that mutations in the pathway affecting the squamous epithelial lineage and DNA repair genes lead to HNSCC. Somatic mutation in CYP2C19 gene in the non-habitual subjects suggests that this gene may have a tobacco independent role in development and progression of HNSCC. In addition to sharing high mutation rate, NOTCH gene family was found to be mutated only in habitual sample. Further, presence of mutated genes not earlier reported to be involved in HNSCC, suggest that the Indian sub-continent may have different sets of genes, as compared to other parts of the world, involved in the development and progression of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh M Rawal
- Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Gujarat Cancer Society, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India
| | - Poonam Bhargava
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India
| | - Inayat Shaikh
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India
| | - Aanal S Pandit
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhi P Patel
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Gujarat Cancer Society, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kothari
- Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Gujarat Cancer Society, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj Shah
- Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Gujarat Cancer Society, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Saxena
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehal B Bagatharia
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, 11th Block, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar, 382 011, Gujarat, India.
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Bagatharia SB, Joshi MN, Pandya RV, Pandit AS, Patel RP, Desai SM, Sharma A, Panchal O, Jasmani FP, Saxena AK. Complete mitogenome of Asiatic lion resolves phylogenetic status within Panthera. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:572. [PMID: 23968279 PMCID: PMC3765570 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin, evolution and speciation of the lion, has been subject of interest, debate and study. The present surviving lions of the genus Panthera comprise of eight sub-species inclusive of Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica of India's Gir forest. Except for the Asiatic lion, the other seven subspecies are found in different parts of Africa. There have been different opinions regarding the phylogenetic status of Panthera leo, as well as classifying lions of different geographic regions into subspecies and races. In the present study, mitogenome sequence of P. leo persica deduced, using Ion Torrent PGM to assess phylogeny and evolution which may play an increasingly important role in conservation biology. RESULTS The mtDNA sequence of P. leo persica is 17,057 bp in length with 40.8% GC content. Annotation of mitogenome revealed total 37 genes, including 13 protein coding, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole mitogenome, suggests Panthera pardus as a neighbouring species to P. leo with species divergence at ~2.96 mya. CONCLUSION This work presents first report on complete mitogenome of Panthera leo persica. It sheds light on the phylogenetic and evolutionary status within and across Felidae members. The result compared and evaluated with earlier reports of Felidae shows alteration of phylogenetic status and species evolution. This study may provide information on genetic diversity and population stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal B Bagatharia
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhvi N Joshi
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Rohan V Pandya
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Aanal S Pandit
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhi P Patel
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivangi M Desai
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Anu Sharma
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Omkar Panchal
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Falguni P Jasmani
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay K Saxena
- Gujarat State Biotechnology Mission, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Block-11, 9th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector 11, Gandhinagar 382 017, Gujarat, India
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Joshi MN, Joshi R, Jain AP. Effect of amitriptyline vs. physiotherapy in management of fibromyalgia syndrome: What predicts a clinical benefit? J Postgrad Med 2009; 55:185-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.57399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Trivedi HS, Joshi MN, Gamade AR. Echocardiography and pulmonary artery pressure: correlation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Postgrad Med 1992; 38:24-6. [PMID: 1512721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether 2 dimensional echocardiography can provide reliable parameters to quantitatively estimate pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Twenty subjects, 16 males and 4 females, mean age 54.5 year +/- 4.92 were evaluated. Right ventricular dimensions were measured using subcostal 2- dimensional (2D) approach viz. right ventricular maximum short axis (Rv) and tricuspid annulus (TA). Free right ventricular anterior wall (AW) was measured by M-Mode. A 2D Index was calculated RV x TA + Aw and the same correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.97). This appears to be a useful non-invasive method foe estimating PH in cases of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College, Bombay, Maharashtra
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Abstract
The reaction of anthranilic acid with excess of benzoylchloride in the presence of pyridine yielded 2-phenyl(3H) 4-oxo-3,1-benzoxazine(I). Interaction of (I) with 2-aminoethanol afforded 2-phenyl-3-hydroxy-ethyl(3H) 4-oxo-quinazoline (II). The condensation of (II) with beta-naphthol in the presence of conc. H2SO4 gave 1-(2'-phenyl-3'-ethyl-4'-oxo-quinazolyl) beta-naphthol (III). The reaction of (III) with primary aromatic amines in the presence of anhydrous zinc-chloride afforded 1-(2'-phenyl-3'-ethyl-4'-oxo-quinazolyl)-beta-naphthyl phenyl amine (IV). When (IV) was heated with sulphur and iodine, 1-(2'-phenyl 3'-ethyl -4'-oxo-quinazolyl)-benzophenothiazine (V) was obtained. All the five synthesised benzophenothiazines were screened for their antiviral activity and two compounds exhibited significant inhibition of virus multiplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, India
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Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of AGLAIA ROXBURGHIANA var. Beddomei (Meliaceae) resulted in the isolation of the active principle and its characterisation as (+)-odorinol exhibiting strong antiviral activity against Ranikhet disease virus (RVD) in chick embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Joshi
- Division of Virology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Babbar OP, Joshi MN, Chowdhury BL. Protection induced in chick embryos against Ranikhet disease virus by some plant extracts or their fractions. Indian J Exp Biol 1983; 21:637-8. [PMID: 6676187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Babbar OP, Joshi MN, Madan AR. Evaluation of plants for antiviral activity. Indian J Med Res 1982; 76 Suppl:54-65. [PMID: 6193062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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