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Soloey-Nilsen H, Nygaard-Odeh K, Kristiansen MG, Kvig EI, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE, Berk M, Reitan SK, Oiesvold T. Transdiagnostic Associations between Anger Hostility and Chemokine Interferon-gamma Inducible Protein 10. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024; 22:285-294. [PMID: 38627075 PMCID: PMC11024699 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective Many psychiatric disorders are linked to low grade systemic inflammation as measured by systemic cytokine levels. Exploration of cytokines and immune activity and their role in psychiatric symptoms may inform pathobiology and treatment opportunities. The aim of this study is to explore if there are associations between cytokines and psychiatric symptom clusters. Comparison between patients regularly using and those not using psychotropic medication is also conducted. Methods This was a cross sectional naturalistic study with 132 participants from a general open inpatient psychiatric ward at the Nordland Hospital Trust, Norway. Serum levels of 28 different cytokines were assessed. Psychiatric symptoms the last week were assessed by a self-rating scale (Symptom check list, SCL-90-R) and grouped in defined clusters. Multiple linear regression model was used for statistical analyses of associations between levels of cytokines and symptoms, adjusting for possible confounding factors. Results We found a positive association (p = 0.009) between the chemokine interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (CXCL 10; IP-10) and the anger hostility cluster. No associations were found between the other symptom clusters and cytokines. IP-10 and the anger hostility cluster were positively associated (p = 0.002) in the subgroup of patients using psychotropic medication, not in the subgroup not using psychotropic medication. Conclusion Our analyses revealed a significant positive association between the symptom cluster anger hostility in SCL-90-R and the chemokine IP-10 in the subgroup of patients using psychotropic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Soloey-Nilsen
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Kristin Nygaard-Odeh
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Magnhild Gangsoey Kristiansen
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Erling Inge Kvig
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ole Lars Brekke
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael Berk
- Barwon Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Solveig Klaebo Reitan
- Nidelv Community Center of Mental Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health (IPH), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Oiesvold
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
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Soloey-Nilsen H, Nygaard-Odeh K, Kristiansen MG, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE, Reitan SK, Oiesvold T. Association between brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and psychiatric symptoms in medicated and unmedicated patients. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35114967 PMCID: PMC8815216 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) plays a protective role in the brain. Peripheral levels of BDNF correlate with its concentration in the brain. Previous studies have revealed lower serum BDNF levels in patients with mental illnesses. In most studies serum BDNF correlates negatively with psychiatric disorders and disease severity. Most studies in this field are on psychiatric diagnosis and personality traits. The aim of our study is to explore associations between general psychiatric symptoms, independent of diagnostic groups, and serum BDNF as well as the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP). Comparison between the group regularly using psychotropic medication and those not using psychotropic medication is conducted. METHODS The study is a cross sectional study with 132 participants from a general open inpatient psychiatric ward at the Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway. Participants were assessed on serum levels of BDNF and hs-CRP. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by a self-rating scale (Symptom check list, SCL-90- R). Multiple linear regression model was used for statistical analyses of associations between levels of BDNF, hs-CRP and symptoms. RESULTS We found a positive association (p < 0.05), for most SCL-90 symptom clusters with BDNF in the psychotropic medication-free group. No associations were found in the group of patients using psychotropic medication, except one, the paranoid ideation cluster (p 0.022). No associations were found between hs-CRP and symptom clusters. CONCLUSION We found no relation between symptom clusters and the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP. Serum BDNF levels were positively associated with intensity of psychiatric symptoms in the group of patients not using psychotropic medication. Our findings are in conflict with several previous studies reporting increased hs-CRP as well as decreased rather than increased BDNF in mental suffering. Patients on psychotropic medication may not require the same upregulation because the medication is modulating the underlying biological pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Soloey-Nilsen
- Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092, Bodø, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kristin Nygaard-Odeh
- grid.420099.6Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092 Bodø, Norway ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magnhild Gangsoey Kristiansen
- grid.420099.6Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092 Bodø, Norway ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Lars Brekke
- grid.420099.6Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092 Bodø, Norway ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- grid.420099.6Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092 Bodø, Norway ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, and, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solveig Klaebo Reitan
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Mental Health IPH, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Oiesvold
- grid.420099.6Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092 Bodø, Norway
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Kileng H, Bernfort L, Gutteberg T, Moen OS, Kristiansen MG, Paulssen EJ, Berg LK, Florholmen J, Goll R. Future complications of chronic hepatitis C in a low-risk area: projections from the hepatitis c study in Northern Norway. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:624. [PMID: 28915795 PMCID: PMC5602833 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C (HCV) infection causes an asymptomatic chronic hepatitis in most affected individuals, which often remains undetected until cirrhosis and cirrhosis-related complications occur. Screening of high-risk subjects in Northern Norway has revealed a relatively low prevalence in the general population (0.24%). Despite this, late complications of HCV infection are increasing. Our object was to estimate the future prevalence and complications of chronic HCV infection in the period 2013-2050 in a low-risk area. METHODS We have entered available data into a prognostic Markov model to project future complications to HCV infection. RESULTS The model extrapolates the prevalence in the present cohort of HCV-infected individuals, and assumes a stable low incidence in the projection period. We predict an almost three-fold increase in the incidence of cirrhosis (68 per 100,000), of decompensated cirrhosis (21 per 100,000) and of hepatocellular carcinoma (4 per 100,000) by 2050, as well as a six-fold increase in the cumulated number of deaths from HCV-related liver disease (170 per 100,000 inhabitants). All estimates are made assuming an unchanged treatment coverage of approximately 15%. The estimated numbers can be reduced by approximately 50% for cirrhosis, and by approximately one third for the other endpoints if treatment coverage is raised to 50%. CONCLUSION These projections from a low-prevalence area indicate a substantial rise in HCV-related morbidity and mortality in the coming years. The global HCV epidemic is of great concern and increased treatment coverage is necessary to reduce the burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kileng
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - L Bernfort
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Gutteberg
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - O S Moen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - E J Paulssen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L K Berg
- Department of Medicine, Helgeland Hospital, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - J Florholmen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Goll
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Florholmen J, Kristiansen MG, Steigen SE, Sørbye SW, Paulssen EJ, Kvamme JM, Konopski Z, Gutteberg T, Goll R. A rapid chemokine response of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β and the regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted chemokine is associated with a sustained virological response in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:204-9. [PMID: 20219081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of chemokines in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not fully understood. The present study aimed to characterize the baseline serum concentrations and the initial β-chemokine response to treatment with interferon-α and ribavirin with respect to the final clinical outcome of virological response to treatment. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of the CC subfamily chemokines [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and the regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) chemokine] were measured in patients with chronic HCV infection and in healthy individuals. Necroinflammation and fibrosis were scored in liver biopsies. Treatment outcomes were classified as with or without a sustained virological response after a full-course treatment according to the genotypes. The main treatment group consisted of 72 patients with chronic hepatitis C, whereas 24-h blood samples were available for 42 patients. Increased baseline levels of all CC chemokines were found in the two responder groups compared to the healthy controls, although significant levels were reached only for MIP-1α and MCP-1. No correlation was observed between chemokine levels and serum ALT levels, any histological necroinflammatory parameters, or the fibrosis grade. After 24 h of treatment, increases in MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES levels were exclusively observed in the group with sustained virological response. MCP-1 was also significantly increased after 24 h in both responder groups, although no differences were observed between the two responder groups. In conclusion, an early MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES response may predict a sustained response to virological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Florholmen
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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Kristiansen MG, Løchen ML, Gutteberg TJ, Mortensen L, Eriksen BO, Florholmen J. Total and cause-specific mortality rates in a prospective study of community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in northern Norway. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:237-44. [PMID: 20337923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the natural course and especially the total and cause-specific mortality of community-acquired chronic HCV infection is limited. The aims of our study were to determine the total and cause-specific mortality in patients infected with chronic hepatitis C in a community-based setting in northern Norway. This prospective cohort study included 1010 HCV-positive patients diagnosed with recombinant immunoblot assay between 1 January 1990 and 1 January 2000, with a median observation time from diagnosis to follow-up of 7 years. Data were collected from medical records in the period between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2006. Time and cause of death were ascertained from the Norwegian Causes of Death Register. Age-adjusted death rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were compared with those of the general Norwegian population. In total, 122 deaths were recorded. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival was 88% at 14 years. The SMR in the cohort relative to the general population was 6.66. Most of the excess deaths in both genders were because of liver-related causes, those associated with a drug-using lifestyle and suicide. The statistically significant increase in SMRs ranged from 4.2 for death by cancer in women to 64.6 for liver disease in women. There was no statistically significant increase in SMRs from cardiovascular disease in either gender or from cancer in men. In conclusion, our study shows that the death rate in patients infected with hepatitis C is 6.66 times higher than in the general Norwegian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Kristiansen
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
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Kristiansen MG, Florholmen J. [Extrahepatic manifestations in hepatitis C. Are they overlooked?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2001; 121:446-9. [PMID: 11255860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are accumulating documentation of autoimmune mediated extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. The virus is hepatotrophic and lymphotrophic. It mutates frequently with subsequent inadequate immune response and chronic stimulation of T and B cells. This may be one explanation for the increased frequency of the autoimmune diseases associated with hepatitis C virus infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this review of the literature published in the period of 1990 to 2000, we present the most common extrahepatic manifestations of the hepatitis C virus infection. RESULTS Mixed cryoglobulinaemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and membranous glomerulonephritis are highly associated with hepatitis C infection. Other autoimmune diseases may also be associated with hepatitis C infection, but further documentation is necessary. INTERPRETATION Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection are associated with several autoimmune diseases. When diagnosing an autoimmune disease, a test for a coinfection of hepatitis C is highly recommended. Antiviral therapy with interferon may in some cases reduce the activity of the autoimmune disease.
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MESH Headings
- Autoimmune Diseases/etiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Cryoglobulinemia/etiology
- Cryoglobulinemia/immunology
- Genotype
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/etiology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/etiology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/immunology
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepatitis C/complications
- Hepatitis C/immunology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Humans
- Lichen Planus/etiology
- Lichen Planus/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda/etiology
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda/immunology
- Sialadenitis/etiology
- Sialadenitis/immunology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/etiology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/etiology
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/immunology
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