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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Nanki T, Umehara H, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kitahara Y, Kawakubo M, Torii K, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. Long-term evaluation of E6011, an anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately responding to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:45-49. [PMID: 36680420 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of E6011, a humanized anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. METHODS In the double-blind treatment phase (24 weeks), placebo or E6011 400 mg was administered until Week 10. Thereafter, E6011 200 mg or 400 mg was administered to Week 22. Subjects who completed the evaluation at Week 24 of the treatment phase were rolled over into the extension phase. The extension phase lasted until Week 104, and all subjects received E6011 400 mg or 200 mg every 2 weeks in an open-label manner until Week 102. RESULTS A total of 47 subjects completed the double-blind treatment phase and were rolled over into the extension phase. In total, 46 (97.9%) subjects experienced any adverse events, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 57.4%. No clear efficacy trend in the American College of Rheumatology 20% response rates was observed. CONCLUSIONS E6011 was well tolerated in active rheumatoid arthritis patients who had shown an inadequate response to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, but no clear benefit in the American College of Rheumatology 20% response rates was observed. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical benefit of E6011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yasuda
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Eisai Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tetsu Kawano
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Gastroenterology, Nichinan-City Chubu Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Advanced Therapeutic Target Discovery, Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Nanki T, Umehara H, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kitahara Y, Kawakubo M, Torii K, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. Long-term safety and efficacy of E6011, an anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately responding to methotrexate. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:37-44. [PMID: 36680426 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of E6011, a humanized anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX). METHODS Active RA patients with an inadequate response to MTX were randomly assigned to the E6011 or placebo group and received the study drug subcutaneously every 2 weeks during a 24-week double-blind study period. Subjects who completed evaluations at Week 24 were rolled over into the extension phase and received open-label E6011 (200 or 400 mg) every 2 weeks until Week 102. The safety analysis was conducted up to Week 104, and the efficacy analysis was conducted up to Week 84. RESULTS A total of 169 subjects completed the double-blind treatment phase and were rolled over into the extension phase. In total, 167 (98.8%) subjects experienced any adverse events, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 56.2%. The American College of Rheumatology 20 response rates were observed between 40 and 70% during the extension phase. CONCLUSIONS E6011 was safe and well tolerated with no notable safety concerns up to 102 weeks in RA patients with an inadequate response to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yasuda
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tetsu Kawano
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Gastroenterology, Nichinan-City Chubu Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Advanced Therapeutic Target Discovery, Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Shirasaka T, Kojima T, Yamane S, Mikayama R, Kawakubo M, Funatsu R, Kato T, Ishigami K, Funama Y. Effect of iodine concentration and body size on iodine subtraction in virtual non-contrast imaging: A phantom study. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:557-563. [PMID: 36965243 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can generate virtual non-contrast (VNC) images. Herein, we sought to improve the accuracy of VNC images by identifying the optimal slope of contrast media (SCM) for VNC-image generation based on the iodine concentration and subject's body size. METHODS We used DECT to scan a multi-energy phantom including four iodine concentration rods (15, 10, 5, and 2 mg/mL), and 240 VNC images (eight SCM ranging from 0.49 to 0.56 × three body sizes × ten scans) that were generated by three-material decomposition. The CT number of each iodine and solid water rod part was measured in each VNC image. The difference in the CT number between the iodine and the solid water rod part was calculated and compared using paired t-test or repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS The SCM that achieved an absolute value of the difference in CT number of <5.0 Hounsfield units (HU) for all body sizes simultaneously was greater at lower iodine concentration (SCM of 0.5, 0.51, and 0.53 at 10, 5, and 2 mg/mL iodine, respectively). At an iodine concentration of 15 mg/mL, no SCM achieved an absolute difference of <5.0 HU in CT number for all body sizes simultaneously. At all iodine concentrations, the SCM achieving the minimal difference in the CT number increased with the increase in body size. CONCLUSION By adjusting the SCM according to the iodine concentration and body size, it is possible to generate VNC images with an accuracy of <5.0 HU. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Improving the accuracy of VNC images minimizing incomplete iodine subtraction would make it possible to replace true non-contrast (TNC) images with VNC images and reduce the radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shirasaka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan; Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - T Kojima
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - S Yamane
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - R Mikayama
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - M Kawakubo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - R Funatsu
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - T Kato
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - K Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Y Funama
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan.
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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Nanki T, Umehara H, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kitahara Y, Kawakubo M, Torii K, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. Efficacy and Safety of E6011, an Anti-Fractalkine Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis With Inadequate Response to Methotrexate: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:587-595. [PMID: 33038062 PMCID: PMC8048525 DOI: 10.1002/art.41555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of E6011, a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody against human fractalkine (FKN), in a phase II, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods Patients with moderate‐to‐severe RA who had an inadequate response to methotrexate were randomly assigned to a placebo group or to E6011 100‐mg, 200‐mg, or 400/200‐mg groups at a 2:1:2:2 ratio. During the 24‐week period, patients received the study drug subcutaneously at weeks 0, 1, and 2 and then once every 2 weeks. The primary end point was the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) response rate at week 12. Results Study drugs were administered to 190 patients (placebo, n = 54; E6011 100 mg, n = 28; E6011 200 mg, n = 54; E6011 400/200 mg, n = 54), and 169 patients completed treatment. A significant difference from placebo was not found in ACR20 response rates at week 12 (37.0% [placebo], 39.3% [100 mg], 48.1% [200 mg], and 46.3% [400/200 mg], using nonresponder imputation). As a secondary end point, ACR20 response rate in the 200‐mg and 400/200‐mg groups attained statistical significance at week 24 (35.2% [placebo], 39.3% [100 mg], 53.7% [200 mg], and 57.4% [400/200 mg]). Subsequent exploratory subgroup analysis revealed greater efficacy of E6011, particularly in patients with a higher baseline proportion of CD16+ monocytes; ACR20 response rates in this patient subgroup at week 24 were 30.0% (placebo), 46.7% (100 mg), 57.7% (200 mg), and 69.6% (400/200 mg). E6011 administered for 24 weeks was well tolerated. Conclusion This is the first evidence that E6011, a novel cell trafficking inhibitor targeting the FKN–CX3CR1 interaction, is modestly effective with 24 weeks of treatment in RA patients, although the primary end point was not met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Nanki T, Umehara H, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kitahara Y, Kawakubo M, Torii K, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. A phase 2 study of E6011, an anti-Fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately responding to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 31:783-789. [PMID: 33427546 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1868675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of E6011, a novel humanized anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS Active RA patients inadequately responding to biological DMARDs were randomly assigned to placebo or E6011 400-mg group at a 1:1 ratio, and administered E6011 at weeks 0, 1, 2, and subsequently every 2 weeks. Primary endpoint was American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20 response at week 12. RESULTS Of 64, 33 received placebo, 31 received E6011 400-mg. The ACR20 response rate at week 12 (non-responder imputation) was 27.3% and 22.6% in the placebo and E6011 groups, respectively. ACR50, ACR70 response rates at week 12 were 3.0%, 0% in the placebo and 9.7%, 3.2% in the E6011 group. Exploratory PK exposure analysis revealed that the effect of E6011 tended to be clearer in patients with higher serum trough E6011 concentration. E6011 was well tolerated with no notable safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS E6011 400-mg was well tolerated but had no clear efficacy at week 12 in RA patients with inadequate response to biologics. Further investigations are warranted to determine the optimal clinical dose and evaluation period for E6011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Umehara H, Nanki T, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kawakubo M, Kitahara Y, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of E6011, an antifractalkine monoclonal antibody, in a first-in-patient phase 1/2 study on rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 28:58-65. [PMID: 28681650 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2017.1337056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fractalkine (CX3CL1/FKN) is a chemokine that regulates chemotaxis and adhesion of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1)-expressing inflammatory cells. We conducted the first phase 1/2, open-label, multiple ascending dose study of E6011, a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody, in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT02196558). METHODS Active RA patients with an inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor received E6011 at week 0, 1, 2, and thereafter every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. RESULTS Twelve, 15, and 10 subjects were enrolled in the 100, 200, and 400 mg cohorts, respectively. No severe adverse events (AEs) or deaths occurred, and no major differences were observed in the incidence or severity of AEs across the cohorts. Serum E6011 concentrations increased dose dependently. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, 50, and 70 responses at week 12 were 75.0%, 33.3%, and 8.3% in the 100 mg cohort; 66.7%, 20.0%, and 13.3% in the 200 mg cohort; and 60.0%, 30.0%, and 20.0% in the 400 mg cohort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS E6011 appeared to be safe and well tolerated in RA patients during this 12-week treatment period, suggesting that E6011 has an effective clinical response in active RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- a First Department of Internal Medicine , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- b Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- c Division of Rheumatology and Immunology , Nagahama City Hospital , Shiga , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- d Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Toshio Imai
- e KAN Research Institute, Inc. , Kobe , Japan
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Lo J, Kawakubo M, Juneja V, Su M, Freeman G, Sharpe A, Manstein D, Fisher D. 136 A novel combination therapy rescues response to checkpoint blockade in neoantigen-deficient cancers. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muto S, Kawakubo M, Matsushita N, Maeda N, Momose Y, Matsumoto K. Haematological data for Matsumoto Eosinophilic Shinshu rats as determined by an automated haematology analyser. Lab Anim 2016; 39:122-9. [PMID: 15703134 DOI: 10.1258/0023677052886556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Matsumoto Eosinophilic Shinshu (MES) rat originated from an inbred mutant colony of rats with spontaneous eosinophilia. As part of an investigation of the pathogenesis of the MES rat, we examined the haematology data for 106 males and 88 females and age-associated changes using an automated haematology analyser, flow cytometric analysis and morphological examination. The data at 10 weeks of age showed the MES rats had higher counts for eosinophils and neutrophils, slightly higher counts for lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and large unstained cells (LUCs), and slightly lower values for the erythrocytic parameters when compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In data for MES rats aged 8 to 20 weeks, eosinophil counts increased with age up to 20 weeks together with some increased neutrophil counts. After 11 weeks of age, counts for lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and LUCs in the MES rats were also slightly increased. In female MES rats, flow cytometric analysis showed increased counts for pan-T+ cells, but blasts, abnormal granulocytes and lymphocytes were not detected morphologically. The MES rat characterized by the haematological findings could be a useful animal model for studies of hypereosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muto
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, R&D, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 2320-1 Maki, Hotaka, Minamiazumi, Nagano 399-8305, Japan.
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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Umehara H, Nanki T, Akama H, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kawakubo M, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. FRI0236 Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of E6011, An Anti-Fractalkine Monoclonal Antibody, in A First-in-Patient Phase 1/2 Study in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Umezawa N, Horai Y, Imamura Y, Kawakubo M, Nakahira M, Kato N, Muramatsu A, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa K, Higuchi T. Structurally Diverse Polyamines: Solid-Phase Synthesis and Interaction with DNA. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1811-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kamigaito T, Okaneya T, Kawakubo M, Shimojo H, Nishizawa O, Nakayama J. Overexpression of O-GlcNAc by prostate cancer cells is significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013; 17:18-22. [PMID: 24366413 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a glycan essential for fundamental cellular processes such as transcription/translation, nuclear transport, protein stability and protein-protein interactions. However, the role of O-GlcNAc in prostate cancer progression of patients remains poorly unknown. Here we investigated the clinicopathological significance of O-GlcNAc expression level in prostate cancer. METHODS O-GlcNAc expression level in prostate cancer cells was determined by immunohistochemistry of prostate biopsy specimens obtained from 56 patients later treated with hormone deprivation therapy comparing with adjacent normal prostate glands in the same sections. Overall survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods with univariate and multivariate models. The effects of reduced O-GlcNAc expression level on proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer LNCaP cells were examined using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme responsible for O-GlcNAc biosynthesis. RESULTS Defining cancer cells showing stronger cytoplasmic staining than normal prostate glands as overexpression of O-GlcNAc, 39% of prostate cancer patients were categorized as overexpression. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods with univariate model analysis revealed that O-GlcNAc overexpression was associated with overall survival (P=0.0012 for the Kaplan-Meier and P=0.0021 for Cox univariate hazard model analysis). Furthermore, O-GlcNAc was the only item in which a significant difference was observed at overall survival by multivariate analysis (P=0.0475). Finally, siRNA-mediated OGT knockdown in LNCaP cells resulted in decreased expression of O-GlcNAc and promoted decreased proliferation and tumor cell invasion compared with control siRNA-transfected LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that O-GlcNAc expression level in prostate cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer patients and likely enhances tumor cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamigaito
- 1] Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan [3] Department of Urology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - T Okaneya
- Department of Urology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - H Shimojo
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - O Nishizawa
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - J Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Reginato E, Mroz P, Chung H, Kawakubo M, Wolf P, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy plus regulatory T-cell depletion produces immunity against a mouse tumour that expresses a self-antigen. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2167-74. [PMID: 24064977 PMCID: PMC3798975 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can lead to development of antigen-specific immune response and PDT-mediated immunity can be potentiated by T regulatory cell (Treg) depletion. We investigated whether the combination of PDT with cyclophosphamide (CY) could foster immunity against wild-type tumours expressing self-antigen (gp70). Methods: Mice with CT26 tumours were treated with PDT alone or in combination with low-dose CY. T regulatory cell numbers and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels were measured at several time points after treatment. Mice cured by PDT+CY were rechallenged with CT26 and monitored for long-term survival. Results: Photodynamic therapy+CY led to complete tumour regression and long-term survival in 90% of treated mice while the absolute numbers of Treg decreased after PDT+CY and the TGF-β levels were reduced to a level comparable to naïve mice. Sixty-five percent of the mice treated with PDT+CY that survived over 90 days tumour free rejected the rechallenge with the same tumour when a second dose of CY was administered before rechallenge but not without. Conclusion: Administration of CY before PDT led to depletion of Treg and potentiated PDT-mediated immunity, leading to long-term survival and development of memory immunity that was only uncovered by second Treg depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reginato
- 1] Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
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Matsuo K, Uchida N, Kawakubo M, Iguchi H, Okamura S, Matsuoka K, Akiyama T. Development of a phase contrast imaging system based on a yttrium aluminum garnet laser with folded beam for observations of density fluctuations in compact helical system. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10F514. [PMID: 19044659 DOI: 10.1063/1.2953574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared laser phase contrast optical system incorporating a folded beam was developed in order to measure the distribution of density fluctuations in a high-temperature plasma. The coherent light source used was an yttrium aluminum garnet laser stabilized by a ring oscillator. The probe beam system separates and reflects the incident and exiting beams with a polarizer and a fully reflective mirror with a waveplate. This system was employed with a compact helical system to detect fluctuations at the plasma edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsuo
- Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
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Andrieu S, Barberger-Gateau P, Raffaitin C, Berr C, Tzourio C, Dartigues JF, Gin H, Fitten LJ, Ortiz F, Fairbanks L, Bartzokis G, Lu P, Ringman J, Heyn PC, Locher JL, Salvà A, Andrieu S, Fernández E, Vellas B, van de Rest O, Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, van Staveren WA, Beekman ATF, Hoefnagels WHL, de Groot CPGM, Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar HJJ, Aleman A, Vannees L, Arkin S, Florez H, Gerstein H, Sheridan P, Bosch J, Goldberg R, Kaspar KM, Drawert SM, Marcus RL, Kidde J, Dibble L, Addison O, LaStayo PC, Scarmeas N, Stern Y, Schupf N, Luchsinger JA, Sharkey JR, Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Liu R, Hochhalter A, Robare JF, Türner N, Judge M, Foster TC, Erdos B, Cudykier I, Scarpace PJ, Weiss LA, Bergstrom J, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Yurko-Mauro K, Nelson E, Quinn J, Sattler FR, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Binder EF, Schroeder ET, Wang Y, Bhasin S, Kawakubo M, Stewart Y, Hahn C, Colletti P, Roubenoff R, Yarasheski KE, Azen SP, Aoki Y, Yamamoto T, Otuka T, Blanc-Bisson C, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Bocock MA, Keller HH, Bowman G, Baxter J, Oken B, Frei B, Traber M, Leonard S, Kaye J, Shannon J, Quinn J, Carlsson M, Gustafson Y, Eriksson S, Littbrand H, Håglin L, Danthiir V, Wilson C, Nettelbeck T, Burns N, Wittert G, Noakes M, Clifton P, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Grieger JA, Nowson CA, Wattanapenpaiboon NT, Holstein J, Robinson C, Hartmann C, Rueb S, Heffel L, Dintaman S, Reynolds J, Fleming L, Crull M, Goldey J, Serper LL, Hubbard R, Westengard J, Horning M, Ishige Y, Aoki Y, Keller HH, Keller HH, LaStayo PC, Marcus RL, Smith S, Kidde J, Dibble L, Butler C, Hill M, LaStayo PC, Marcus RL, Dibble L, Kidde J, Peters C, Meier W, Laughlin GA, Kritz-Silverstein D, von Muhlen D, Barrett-Connor E, Olariu L, Petcu M, Tulcan C, Pup M, Otilingam P, Gate M, Pasinetti GM, Ray B, Chauhan NB, Bailey JA, Lahiri DK, Shatenstein B, Kergoat MJ, Reid I, Chicoine ME, Vaz L, Stewart R, Sabbah W, Tsakos G, D’Aiuto F, Watt RG, Sturman M, Kelly J, Fleischman D, Leurgans S, Bennett D, Morris MC, Suominen MH, Muurinen S, Soini H, Pitkälä KH, Yamamoto T, Fujinoki C, Aoki Y. 3rd IANA (International Academy on Nutrition and Aging) Meeting Nutrition, Exercise & Alzheimer and Clinical Trials on Sarcopenia August 1–2, 2008 Hyatt Regency Tamaya Resort 1300 Tuyuna Trail Santa Ana Pueblo, NM USA. J Nutr Health Aging 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02982702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kawakubo M, Tsunoda K, Yajima H, Ishii T, Kaidou H, Ahagon A. Reactions of Radicals in Filled Rubber Compounds: I. Detection of Free Radicals in Rubbers by ESR. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2005. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3547903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ESR measurements were made with vulcanized rubbers of a gum, three carbon black filled and a silica filled compounds. The radicals in the filled rubbers were found to have long lives unlike the gum rubber. Carbon black was found to reduce the sensitivity of ESR due to shielding effect in the magnetic field. The degree of sensitivity reduction appeared to depend on the inter-aggregate distance. Upon exposure to toluene vapor, the ESR intensity of black filled rubbers increased for a short period as swelling widened the inter-aggregate distance and then decayed steadily with further exposure. Such a variation was not found with the gum and silica filled vulcanizates. The decay was faster with higher oxygen content of the environment. In a given environment, however, the decay could be dealt by simple kinetics. Diffusion of oxygen did not seem to play any part. It was inferred that ESR observes radicals only in a thin surface layer of the black filled rubber. The kinetic zero-time radical concentration, obtained by toluene vapor exposure in a nitrogen environment, was considered to be the surface radical concentration in the absence of the shielding effect. Among the rubbers of different black loadings, it showed an exponential relation with the value obtained by direct observation due to the difference in the shielding effect arising from difference in loadings. With the rubber of the same formulation, however, the radical concentration obtained by direct observation showed a linear relation with the kinetic zero-time value, suggesting possibility of quantitative comparison by ESR among the rubbers with the same carbon black content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawakubo
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tsunoda
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yajima
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Ishii
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaidou
- 2R & D Center, The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan; email
| | - Asahiro Ahagon
- 2R & D Center, The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan; email
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Kawakubo M, Tsunoda K, Yajima H, Ishii T, Kaidou H, Ahagon A. Reactions of Radicals in Filled Rubber Compounds: II. Generation and Subsequent Reactions of Radicals Upon Deformation. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2005. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3547904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of stretching on oxidative crosslinking of a carbon black filled IR vulcanizate at a normal temperature was studied by means of ESR and crosslink density measurements. Upon deformation, ESR intensity increased and crosslink density decreased, indicating scission of load supporting bonds generating free radicals. Bond scission increased with increasing strain. Resting after deformation, the ESR intensity decayed steadily following simple combination of first order and second order kinetics. The decay was overwhelmingly caused by first order reactions, which were considered to be irrelevant to crosslinking. On the other hand, crosslink density increased during resting. The results strongly suggested that ESR observed the radicals at the surface of the carbon black filled rubber, while crosslink density evaluated the bulk property. The crosslink density increase during resting outweighed the reduction due to deformation. Deformation accompanied by radical generation apparently accelerated oxidative crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawakubo
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tsunoda
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yajima
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Ishii
- 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaidou
- 2R & D Center, The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan; email
| | - Asahiro Ahagon
- 2R & D Center, The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan; email
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Xiang AH, Kjos SL, Peters RK, Marroquin A, Goico J, Ochoa C, Kawakubo M, Buchanan TA. 452 β-CELL UNLOADING AND THE RISK OF DIABETES IN THE PIOGLITAZONE IN PREVENTION OF DIABETES STUDY. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matsumoto H, Toyoda T, Kawakubo M, Otani T, Suda Y, Fujikawa K. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and physiological joint laxity: earliest changes in joint stability and stiffness after reconstruction. J Orthop Sci 1999; 4:191-6. [PMID: 10370160 DOI: 10.1007/s007760050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Physiological joint laxity is an important element of normal knee joint function, providing smooth joint movement. However, the objective evaluation of post-operative results after knee ligament surgery is usually based primarily on stability and range of motion, and joint laxity has been ignored. In this study, we measured the joint stiffness of 82 knees undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament, before the operation, immediately after the operation, and finally when the full range of motion was achieved postoperatively; changes in joint laxity after the ACL reconstruction were investigated. Before the operation, joint laxity was greater than that of the normal side (P < 0.01), but immediately after the operation it diminished compared not only with that observed preoperatively, but also with that of the normal side. When the full range of motion was achieved, joint laxity was lower than that observed immediately after the operation (P < 0.01), but still remained higher than that of the normal side (P < 0.01). In other words, stability was achieved, but joint laxity was diminished through the operation. In this series, a stiffer artificial ligament than the natural ACL was used, and maximum tension was applied during the operation, aiming at better stability, but this may cause diminution of joint laxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 36 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Matsumoto H, Kawakubo M, Otani T, Fujikawa K. Extensive post-traumatic ossification of the patellar tendon. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999; 81:34-6. [PMID: 10067998 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.81b1.9074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Two men, aged 21 and 50 years, were seen with ossification of the patellar tendon after injury to the knee in adolescence. They complained of pain and had patella alta. Large bony masses were excised from below the affected patellae. The patellar tendon was then reconstructed using a Leeds-Keio ligament. The results at six and ten years, respectively, were good, with neither patient having pain or an extension lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawakubo M, Matsumoto H, Otani T, Fujikawa K. Radiographic changes in the patella after total knee arthroplasty without resurfacing the patella. Comparison of osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1998; 56:237-44. [PMID: 9438087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The necessity of patellar resurfacing has aroused considerable controversy. Between 1986 and 1996, we have routinely performed 208 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) without resurfacing the patella. However, we have occasionally observed gradual postoperative patellar deterioration which caused peripatellar pain. This study observed the radiographic changes in the patella after TKA without resurfacing the patella to assess the effect of the changes on the clinical results. Sixty out of 208 TKAs were assessed in this study. The original diagnoses were osteoarthrosis (OA) in 17 joints and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 43 joints. Fourteen patients (23.3%) complained of postoperative peripatellar pain: 2 of the 17 patients with OA (11.8%) and 12 of the 43 with RA (27.9%). Lateral tilt of the patella slightly decreased with time, but lateral shift increased slightly. Patellar length and width increased throughout the follow-up period. The thickness of the patella, especially in the RA cases, significantly (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05) decreased with time. According to these radiographic findings, as time passed the thickness of the patella decreased, its length and width increased, and the patella as a whole became flattened. On examining the effect of this flattening on postoperative pain, it was found that about 70% of those patients whose patellar thickness had decreased to 80% or less complained of peripatellar pain. In the case of the OA patients, however, there was no statistically significant correlation between patellar flattening and pain. It is concluded that patellar resurfacing should be considered for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Because patellar flattening did not develop in many patients with OA and few of them complained of peripatellar pain, patellar resurfacing should not be performed routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawakubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugioka N, Koyama H, Kawakubo M, Ohta T, Kishimoto H, Mori S, Nakajima K. Age-dependent alteration of the serum-unbound fraction of nicardipine, a calcium-channel blocker, in man. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:1327-31. [PMID: 9004199 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL-1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean +/- s.d., 1.55 +/- 0.78%). Non-glycosylated albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and glycosylated albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, albumin/glycosylated albumin ratio, non-glycosylated albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-glycosylated albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-glycosylated albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugioka
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Kawakubo M. [An experimental study on tissue induction in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the scaffold-type polyester artificial ligament (Leeds-Keio)]. Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 1992; 66:1016-30. [PMID: 1460373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of experimental autogenous tissue implantation (infrapatellar fat pad, fascia lata) together with scaffold type artificial ligament (Leeds-Keio) in ACL reconstruction was studied in 56 mongrel adult dogs. Specimens were examined macroscopically, histologically and by means of microangiography. The results were compared with those in which the artificial ligament was used alone. When infrapatellar fat pad was transferred on artificial ligament, tissue induction was observed 2 weeks after reconstruction. When ACL was reconstructed using a combination of artificial ligament and a small piece of fascia lata, maturated dense collagen fibers were observed 24 weeks after reconstruction. These results indicated that quicker tissue induction could be obtained in ACL reconstruction using an artificial ligament together with a infrapatellar fat pad, and that collagen fiber maturation was accelerated when ACL was reconstructed using an artificial ligament together with a small piece of fascia lata.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawakubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiyosawa I, Aruga N, Kawakubo M, Naito J, Saito TR, Takahashi KW. [The application of industrial endoscope to observation of the ocular-fundus in small laboratory animals]. Jikken Dobutsu 1992; 41:67-70. [PMID: 1740168 DOI: 10.1538/expanim1978.41.1_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Observation and recording methods of the ocular-fundus in small laboratory animals were studied using the industrial endoscope and VTR systems, respectively. The ocular-fundus was observed widely, brightly and clearly in the usual animal facility. In addition, the ocular-fundus was recorded easily and it was possible to examine the ocular-fundus recorded by the VTR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kiyosawa
- Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan
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Kuniyasu Y, Kawakubo M, Niio Y, Azuma S, Nakaoji K. [Heart failure--scintigraphic study]. Rinsho Hoshasen 1982; 27:777-8. [PMID: 7131851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kuniyasu Y, Azuma S, Arao Y, Kawakubo M. [Scintigraphic detection of thrombosis]. Rinsho Hoshasen 1982; 27:683-4. [PMID: 7143768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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