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Kos IA, Kiefer M, Brill K, Cetin O, Bittenbring JT, Ahlgrimm M, Smola S, Lohse S, Christofyllakis K, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Neumann F, Bewarder M, Thurner L. Adaptive humoral immune response and cellular immune status in cancer patients and patients under immunosuppression vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1683-1689. [PMID: 35994606 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. They may not develop protective immune responses following vaccination. We investigated patients' cellular and humoral immune response after two COVID-19 vaccine doses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects were stratified into subgroups according to therapy and grade of immunosuppression at time of vaccination. RESULTS Antibody titers were compared to healthy controls. 32/122 (26%) did not develop detectable antibody titers. Of these, 22 (66.6%) had active therapy. Patients showed significant lower antibody titers compared to controls (median 790 vs. 3923 AU/mL, p = 0.026). Patients with active therapy had significant lower antibody titers compared to those without (median 302 vs. 3952 U/L P < 0.001). B-cell count was lower in the group without antibody titers (median 29.97 vs. 152.8; p = 0.002). 100% of patients under anti-CD20 therapy had no detectable antibody titer, followed by anti-TNF (66%), BTK inhibitors (50%), ruxolitinib (35.5%), TKI (14.2%), and lenalidomide (12.5%). Anti-CD20 therapy, ruxolitinib, BTK inhibitors, and anti-CD38 therapy presented significant lower antibody titers compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing therapy for cancer or autoimmune diseases are at higher risk of insufficient humoral immune response following COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, alterations in the B-cell compartment correlate with lower antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Age Kos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kiefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brill
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Onur Cetin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Thomas Bittenbring
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ahlgrimm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Christofyllakis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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2
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Christofyllakis K, Bittenbring JT, Thurner L, Ahlgrimm M, Stilgenbauer S, Bewarder M, Kaddu-Mulindwa D. Cost-effectiveness of precision cancer medicine-current challenges in the use of next generation sequencing for comprehensive tumour genomic profiling and the role of clinical utility frameworks (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 16:21. [PMID: 34909199 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision cancer medicine (PCM) is an emerging paradigm in oncology, which includes tumour comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to enable molecularly guided therapy. However, cost-effectiveness analyses of PCM are faced with several challenges and, thus, its cost-effectiveness remains unclear. Early trials using only molecularly guided therapy were faced with the challenge of providing adequate measures of outcome, which probably explains the modest treatment benefits demonstrated. Endpoints like the progression-free survival (PFS)2/PFS1 ratio may assist in overcoming this issue. Moreover, specific tumour subtypes appear to benefit more from PCM. Costs associated with next-generation sequencing (NGS) for CGP are decreasing, but targeted therapy itself represents a major cost driver. CGP not only enables prediction of response to treatment, but also resistance, and could thus prevent administration of unnecessary (and costly) therapies. In clinical practice, the presence of clinical frameworks, such as the Recommendations for the Use of NGS for Patients with Metastatic Cancers from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group, and the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets, are essential in appropriately identifying situations where PCM is clinically meaningful, thereby improving its cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Christofyllakis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Thomas Bittenbring
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ahlgrimm
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.,Ulm Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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3
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Kos I, Balensiefer B, Lesan V, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Thurner L, Christofyllakis K, Bittenbring JT, Ahlgrimm M, Seiffert M, Wagenpfeil S, Bewarder Y, Neumann F, Rixecker T, Smola S, Link A, Krawczyk M, Lammert F, Lepper PM, Bals R, Stilgenbauer S, Bewarder M. Increased B-cell activity with consumption of activated monocytes in severe COVID-19 patients. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1449-1460. [PMID: 33788264 PMCID: PMC8250224 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune complications triggered by SARS-CoV2 has not been completely elucidated. Here, we performed an analysis of the cellular immune status, cell ratios, and monocyte populations of patients with COVID-19 treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) (cohort 1, N = 23) and normal care unit (NCU) (cohort 2, n = 10) compared with control groups: patients treated in ICU for noninfectious reasons (cohort 3, n = 30) and patients treated in NCU for infections other than COVID-19 (cohort 4, n = 21). Patients in cohort 1 presented significant differences in comparison with the other cohorts, including reduced frequencies of lymphocytes, reduced CD8+T-cell count, reduced percentage of activated and intermediate monocytes and an increased B/T8 cell ratio. Over time, patients in cohort 1 who died presented with lower counts of B, T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, NK cells, and activated monocytes. The B/T8 ratio was significantly lower in the group of survivors. In cohort 1, significantly higher levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were found, whereas cohort 3 presented higher levels of IgG3 compared to controls. Among many immune changes, an elevated B/T8-cell ratio and a reduced rate of activated monocytes were mainly observed in patients with severe COVID-19. Both parameters were associated with death in cohort 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kos
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Vadim Lesan
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Thurner
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Ahlgrimm
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometrics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bewarder
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Neumann
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Torben Rixecker
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp M Lepper
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Moritz Bewarder
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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4
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Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Thurner L, Bewarder M, Murawski N, Ahlgrimm M, Pfuhl T, Gärtner B, Smola S, Stilgenbauer S. Protection strategy against outbreak of COVID-19 at a tertiary hematology-oncology: strengths and pitfalls. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:17. [PMID: 33627114 PMCID: PMC7903402 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak it is mandatory for health care workers to develop containment strategies. Recently published data showed, that cancer patients might have a higher risk for severe course of the disease. We therefore developed a strategy of screening and containment for SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized cancer patients. Our approach includes a temporary isolation in a so-called floating zone and testing strategy for screening of asymptomatic individuals by pooling of samples before RT-PCR amplification. Patients as far as health care professionals got tested twice a week. Nurses and physicians entered the floating zone with full body protection. Within 8 weeks we tested 418 individuals (professionals and patients) in total. Only 2 patients had COVID-19 without documented further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We therefore think that our strategy might be a useful approach to protect inpatients with cancer at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection during this ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Niels Murawski
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ahlgrimm
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pfuhl
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Gärtner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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5
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Kos I, Balensiefer B, Roth S, Ahlgrimm M, Sester M, Schmidt T, Thurner L, Bewarder M, Bals R, Lammert F, Stilgenbauer S, Kaddu-Mulindwa D. Prolonged Course of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia in a B-Cell Depleted Patient After Rituximab. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1578. [PMID: 32984017 PMCID: PMC7493633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pre-existing comorbidities and immunosuppression are at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe manifestations of COVID-19. This also includes cancer patients, who are shown to have a poor prognosis after infection. Here, we describe the case of a 72-year old male patient with B-cell depletion after maintenance treatment with rituximab for non-Hodgkin-lymphoma who had a prolonged COVID-19 course and initial false negative test results. Our case highlights the diagnostic pitfalls in diagnosing COVID-19 in B-cell depleted patients and discuss the role of B-cell depletion in the course and treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, we investigated peripheral blood monocytes and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in our patient. In conclusion, our case report can help physicians to avoid diagnostic pitfalls for COVID-19 in hemato-oncological patients under chemoimmunotherapy and tries to explain the role of B-cell depletion and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Balensiefer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Roth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ahlgrimm
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Schmidt
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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6
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Bewarder M, Klostermann A, Ahlgrimm M, Bittenbring JT, Pfreundschuh M, Wagenpfeil S, Kaddu-Mulindwa D. Safety and feasibility of electrical muscle stimulation in patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation or intensive chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:1013-1020. [PMID: 30094730 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy, with or without following autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is often the only curative treatment option for patients with hematological malignancies and leave many survivors physically and psychologically impaired. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a proven tool to improve physical performance in seniors and patients with chronic diseases. We therefore investigated the safety and feasibility of EMS in 45 patients undergoing autologous HSCT (n = 13), allogeneic HSCT (n = 11) and intensive chemotherapy (n = 21). Furthermore, physical (assessed by 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and short physical performance battery (SPPB)) and psychological performance (assessed by multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and the EORTC QOL-C30 questionnaire) were measured before chemotherapy (T1) and at discharge from hospital (T2). Four patients died due to septic shock, two withdrew consent before the start of EMS training and five stopped EMS training during the study because of chemotherapy-related complications, loss of motivation or loss of ability to use EMS autonomously. Thirty-four out of 45 (76%) patients used EMS throughout the study period and participated in physical and psychological tests at time points 1 and 2. EMS-related adverse events were hematoma (n = 1) and muscle pain (n = 2). No bleeding events > 1 according to the WHO bleeding scale occurred. Decline in 6MWD from T1 to T2 was 24 m. The SPPB score stayed the same with 11 points at T1 and T2. Most MFI subscales showed stable fatigue levels and quality of life (QoL) did not decrease significantly throughout therapy. EMS is feasible and safe in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Trial registration: NCT03467087.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bewarder
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
| | - A Klostermann
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - M Ahlgrimm
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - J T Bittenbring
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - M Pfreundschuh
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - S Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - D Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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7
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Morcrette CJ, Van Weverberg K, Ma HY, Ahlgrimm M, Bazile E, Berg LK, Cheng A, Cheruy F, Cole J, Forbes R, Gustafson WI, Huang M, Lee WS, Liu Y, Mellul L, Merryfield WJ, Qian Y, Roehrig R, Wang YC, Xie S, Xu KM, Zhang C, Klein S, Petch J. Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near-Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains. J Geophys Res Atmos 2018; 123:2655-2683. [PMID: 33479573 PMCID: PMC7816730 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Clouds Above the United States and Errors at the Surface (CAUSES) project with its aim of better understanding the physical processes leading to warm screen temperature biases over the American Midwest in many numerical models. In this first of four companion papers, 11 different models, from nine institutes, perform a series of 5 day hindcasts, each initialized from reanalyses. After describing the common experimental protocol and detailing each model configuration, a gridded temperature data set is derived from observations and used to show that all the models have a warm bias over parts of the Midwest. Additionally, a strong diurnal cycle in the screen temperature bias is found in most models. In some models the bias is largest around midday, while in others it is largest during the night. At the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, the model biases are shown to extend several kilometers into the atmosphere. Finally, to provide context for the companion papers, in which observations from the SGP site are used to evaluate the different processes contributing to errors there, it is shown that there are numerous locations across the Midwest where the diurnal cycle of the error is highly correlated with the diurnal cycle of the error at SGP. This suggests that conclusions drawn from detailed evaluation of models using instruments located at SGP will be representative of errors that are prevalent over a larger spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H-Y Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M Ahlgrimm
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - E Bazile
- CNRM, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - L K Berg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A Cheng
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - F Cheruy
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - J Cole
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Forbes
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - W I Gustafson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - M Huang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - W-S Lee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - L Mellul
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - W J Merryfield
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - R Roehrig
- CNRM, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - S Xie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - K-M Xu
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - S Klein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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8
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Grass S, Preuss KD, Ahlgrimm M, Fadle N, Regitz E, Pfoehler C, Murawski N, Pfreundschuh M. Association of a dominantly inherited hyperphosphorylated paraprotein target with sporadic and familial multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a case-control study. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:950-6. [PMID: 19767238 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic antigenic stimulation might have a role in the pathogenesis of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma. The aim of this study was to search for factors underlying the autoimmunogenicity of paratarg-7, a frequent antigenic target of paraproteins in MGUS and multiple myeloma. METHODS Between January, 2005, and February, 2009, serum and peripheral blood cells were obtained from consecutive patients with MGUS or multiple myeloma and healthy blood donors, and paratarg-7 was analysed by DNA sequencing, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and western blotting. FINDINGS Mutations or polymorphisms of paratarg-7 were not noted, but hyperphosphorylation was detected in 35 (13.9%) of 252 patients with MGUS or multiple myeloma, all of whom had an anti-paratarg-7-specific paraprotein. Analysis of eight families showed that hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7 is inherited in a dominant fashion, and that carriers of hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7 have an increased risk of developing MGUS and multiple myeloma (odds ratio [OR] 7.9, 95% CI 2.8-22.6; p=0.0001). INTERPRETATION Familial MGUS and multiple myeloma were associated with a dominant inheritance of hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7, enabling family members at increased risk for MGUS or multiple myeloma to be identified. That only patients with MGUS or multiple myeloma who are carriers of hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7 had a paratarg-7-specific paraprotein suggests that the hyperphosphorylation of paratarg-7 induces auto-immunity and is involved in the pathogenesis of MGUS and multiple myeloma; for example, by chronic antigenic stimulation. FUNDING Förderverein Krebsforschung Saar-Pfalz-Mosel e.V. (eingetragener Verein: officially registered charity) and HOMFOR (the research programme of the Saarland University Faculty of Medicine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grass
- José Carreras Center for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (Saar), Germany
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9
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Preuss KD, Pfreundschuh M, Ahlgrimm M, Fadle N, Regitz E, Murawski N, Grass S. A frequent target of paraproteins in the sera of patients with multiple myeloma and MGUS. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:656-61. [PMID: 19405124 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic targets of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) paraproteins might play a role in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. We screened a human fetal brain-derived macroarray with the IgA or IgG containing sera of 192 consecutive MGUS and MM patients. Twenty-nine of 192 (15.1%) paraproteins reacted with paratarg-7, a protein of unknown function which is expressed in all human tissues. Paratarg-7 reactivity was similarly frequent among IgA and IgG paraproteins, but all paratarg-7 reactive IgG paraproteins belonged to the IgG3 subtype with 24/57 IgG3 (42.1%) paraproteins displaying this specificity. Sequence analysis of paratarg-7 derived from patients having a paraprotein with specificity for paratarg-7 revealed no differences to paratarg-7 derived from patients with paraproteins of other specificities or healthy controls, excluding mutations or polymorphisms as a reason for its autoimmunogenicity. Similarly, Western-blot analysis showed identical bands for paratarg-7 derived from patients and controls. The above-random frequency of paratarg-7 as a paraprotein target suggests that paratarg-7 might be involved in the development of the respective clonal proliferations. The identification of paratarg-7 as an antigenic target enables the more detailed analysis of tumor-host interactions in these patients and their role in the pathogenesis of MM and MGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Dieter Preuss
- José-Carreras-Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Zwick C, Held G, Hammermeister V, AlAhmad A, Kubuschok B, Bittenbring J, Ahlgrimm M, Neumann F, Preuss KD, Pfreundschuh M. Spontaneous high-titered IgG antibody responses against BCL-2 in patients with aggressive lymphomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1207-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Kilian M, Gregor JI, Heukamp I, Hanel M, Ahlgrimm M, Schimke I, Kristiansen G, Ommer A, Walz MK, Jacobi CA, Wenger FA. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor RO 28-2653 decreases liver metastasis by reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentration in BOP-induced ductal pancreatic cancer in Syrian Hamsters: inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases in pancreatic cancer. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75:429-34. [PMID: 17034997 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes which degrade the extracellular matrix and therefore play an important role in metastasis. However, the impact of MMP inhibitors (MMPI) on pancreatic cancer is still unclear. Thus we evaluated the influence of selective MMPI Ro 28-2653 on the incidence of liver metastases and the concentration of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma in Syrian hamster. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and thirty male Syrian hamsters were randomised into 8 groups (Gr.1-3: n=15, Gr.4-8: n=17). Pancreatic cancer was induced by weekly subcutaneous injection of 10mg N-nitrosobis-2-oxopropylamin (BOP)/kg body weight (Gr.4-8) while healthy control Gr. 1-3 received 0.5 ml sodium chloride 0.9%. Gr.1 and 4 had free access to a standard diet, Gr. 2, 3 and 5-8 received a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which increases liver metastasis in this model. In week 17 oral therapy started: Gr.3 and 6: 60 mg Eudragit/kg body weight/d (vehicle of MMPI), Gr.7 and 8: 40 mg, respectively, 120 mg RO 28-2653/kg body weight/d; Gr.1, 2, 4, 5: no therapy. After 30 weeks all hamsters were sacrificed and histopathologically examined. Additionally concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured in non-metastatic liver and liver metastases. RESULTS Concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in liver metastases were decreased by high- and low-dose therapy with MMPI. Furthermore, the incidence of liver metastases was significantly reduced by low-dose therapy with Ro 28-2653. CONCLUSION Low-dose therapy with Ro 28-2653 decreased liver metastasis due to an inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentration in ductal pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kilian
- Clinic of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Campus Mitte, Universitätsmedizin in Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Martorano JT, Ahlgrimm M, Colbert T. Differentiating between natural progesterone and synthetic progestins: clinical implications for premenstrual syndrome and perimenopause management. Compr Ther 1998; 24:336-9. [PMID: 9669099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Critical differences between natural progesterone and synthetic progestins are often misunderstood. Synthetic progestins should not be used interchangeably with natural progesterone. This article describes their differences and the clinical implications for their use in managing premenstrual syndrome and perimenopause.
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Jüppner H, Rittinghaus EF, Ahlgrimm M, Burdelski M, Dralle H. C-terminal PTH (70-84) after biliary ligation in rats: implications for the diagnostic importance in hepatobiliary disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 139:633-6. [PMID: 3767981 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy is still poorly understood. To date, there is no convincing evidence for the involvement of one of the vitamin D metabolites. Recent observations provided evidence for an disturbed hepatic metabolism of intact PTH in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and children with biliary atresia. To confirm these data experimentally, the extrahepatic bile-duct was ligated and dissected in rats. As expected GOT and AP activity increased in ligated group, calcium and mid-C-PTH remained constant for the first 44 days post-ligation. Similar to the data in the respective groups of patients, C-terminal PTH immunoreactivity increased after biliary ligation. The radioimmunological discrimination between intact PTH and the bone-seaking N-terminal PTH peptide is still impossible without further chromatographic procedures. Therefore, C-PTH may represent an important laboratory parameter for the evaluation of the hepatic metabolism of PTH which seems to be disturbed during severe longstanding cholestasis.
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