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Mallikarachchi KEP, Bandara KRV, Weerasekera MM, Nugara RN, Undugoda LJS, Manage PM. Aromatase (CYP19) gene as a biomarker for detection of naphthalene and phenanthrene in Colombo to Mirissa coastal water in Sri Lanka. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 201:116187. [PMID: 38412796 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) are prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed on marine water samples (n = 57) collected from 19 locations. Molecular screening of the aromatase (CYP19) gene expression was examined using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The findings of the study showed a significant range of naphthalene concentrations along the coastline, spanning from 1.70 to 15.05 mg/L, where phenanthrene concentrations varied from undetectable to a maximum of 5.36 mg/L. The relative expression of the CYP19 gene ranged from 0.5 to 13.9 in the sampling sites. The ANOVA analysis showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the concentrations of PAHs and CYP19 gene expression. The study concluded that the CYP19 gene could be useful in detecting contaminants such as naphthalene and phenanthrene in water. This study may help develop effective strategies to detect and mitigate PAH pollution in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E P Mallikarachchi
- Centre for Water Quality and Algae Research, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - K R V Bandara
- Centre for Water Quality and Algae Research, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - M M Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - R N Nugara
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - L J S Undugoda
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - P M Manage
- Centre for Water Quality and Algae Research, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.
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Yapa PN, Munaweera I, Sandaruwan C, Weerasinghe L, Weerasekera MM. Metal doped silica nanohybrids with extensive bacterial coverage for antibacterial applications exhibit synergistic activity. Biomater Adv 2024; 157:213753. [PMID: 38160632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has triumphantly overcome several barriers that have formed in modern life. Bacterial infections are a critical public health issue. They emphasized the failure of conventional treatments, high mortality and morbidity rates, antibiotic resistance, and other factors leading to the development of novel and affordable antibacterial medications. In this study, three types of metals (Ag, Cu, and Co) were doped separately into a silanol network in silica nanoparticles. The synthesized monometallic nanohybrids were combined in equal proportions to formulate bi and trimetallic nanohybrids. They were characterized structurally and morphologically. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy studies were used to investigate the formation of the bonds and the pertinent peak positions. X-ray diffractograms (XRD) validated the crystalline structures of the metal nanohybrids. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study (XPS) confirmed the successful addition of metals to the silanol network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to characterize the morphology of nanohybrids and demonstrate their dimensions are on the nanoscale. The fraction of each metal doped in the silanol network was determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). To assess activity and confirm antibacterial synergy, the antibacterial activity of all synthesized nanohybrids was examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC (Ranged from 12.25 to 1560.00 μg/mL), minimum bactericidal concentration-MBC (Ranged from 197.00 to 3125.00 μg/mL), IC50 values (Ranged from 30.56 to 1683.00 μg/mL-) and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined and compared. Well diffusion assay was conducted against both ATCC cultures and clinical samples of gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), MRSA (ATCC 33591) and gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC BAA 1706) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The highest synergistic radical scavenging performance of trimetallic nanohybrid (90.67 ± 0.095 %) was established by the DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) experiment. Finally, when compared to monometallic nanohybrids, it was demonstrated that the synthesized multimetallic nanohybrids have a substantial potential as an emerging and cost-effective antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Yapa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - I Munaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - C Sandaruwan
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Homagama 10200, Sri Lanka
| | - L Weerasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - M M Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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Nissanka MC, Weerasekera MM, Dilhari A, Dissanayaka R, Rathnayake S, Wijesinghe GK. Phytomedicinal properties of Hygrophila schulli (Neeramulliya). Iran J Basic Med Sci 2023; 26:979-986. [PMID: 37605731 PMCID: PMC10440129 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.67965.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Hygrophila schulli which is known as "Neermulli'' in the vernacular is an herbaceous plant native to Sri Lanka. Ancient medicinal literature suggests the use of H. schulli whole plant or its parts for the treatment of different communicable and non-communicable diseases including diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Active constituents and secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, steroids, proteins, flavonoids, and glycosides are identified to possess antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, anticataract, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, hematopoietic, diuretic, antiurolithiatic, antipyretic, neuroprotection, and anti-endotoxin activities. In this review, we reviewed clinical studies, patents, and analytical studies from the earliest found examples from 1886 to the end of 2021. We critically analyzed and attempt to summarize the information based on bioactivities and chemical composition of H. schulli plant extracts which will be of future use for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malshani Chathuranika Nissanka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayomi Dilhari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranga Dissanayaka
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sajeewa Rathnayake
- The Centre for Infectious Diseases and Phytochemical Studies, Faculty of Integrated Life Sciences, Quest International University Perak, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Gayan Kanchana Wijesinghe
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Gayani B, Dilhari A, Kottegoda N, Ratnaweera DR, Weerasekera MM. Reduced Crystalline Biofilm Formation on Superhydrophobic Silicone Urinary Catheter Materials. ACS Omega 2021; 6:11488-11496. [PMID: 34056304 PMCID: PMC8154006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline biofilm formation in indwelling urinary catheters is a serious health problem as it creates a barrier for antibacterial coatings. This emphasizes the failure of antibacterial coatings that do not have a mechanism to reduce crystal deposition on catheter surfaces. In this study, trifluoropropyl spray-coated polydimethylsiloxane (TFP-PDMS) has been employed as an antibiofilm forming surface without any antibacterial agent. Here, TFP was coated on half-cured PDMS using the spray coating technique to obtain a durable superhydrophobic coating for a minimum five cycles of different sterilization methods. The crystalline biofilm-forming ability of Proteus mirabilis in artificial urine, under static and flow conditions, was assessed on a TFP-PDMS surface. In comparison to the commercially available silver-coated latex and silicone catheter surfaces, TFP-PDMS displayed reduced bacterial attachment over 14 days. Moreover, the elemental analysis determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the enhanced antibiofilm forming ability of TFP-PDMS was due to the self-cleaning activity of the surface. We believe that this modified surface will significantly reduce biofilm formation in indwelling urinary catheters and further warrant future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhika Gayani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Centre
for Advanced Material Research, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayomi Dilhari
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilwala Kottegoda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Centre
for Advanced Material Research, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilru R. Ratnaweera
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Centre
for Advanced Material Research, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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Jayasena Kaluarachchi TD, Weerasekera MM, McBain AJ, Ranasinghe S, Wickremasinghe R, Yasawardene S, Jayanetti N, Wickremasinghe R. Diagnosing Cutaneous leishmaniasis using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization: the Sri Lankan Perspective. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:180-190. [PMID: 31429388 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1650228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania donovani MON-37 is becoming a major public health problem in Sri Lanka, with 100 new cases per month being reported in endemic regions. Diagnosis of CL is challenging for several reasons. Due to relative specificity and rapidity we propose Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization as a diagnostic tool for CL. The objective was to evaluate the potential of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization as a diagnostic method for Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. Literature on current laboratory tests used to diagnose Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka and globally was reviewed. Sri Lankan data were reviewed systematically following the PRISMA guidelines. A narrative of the results is presented. There is currently no gold standard diagnostic method for Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization has been previously applied to detect dermal pathologies including those involving infectious agents, and its use to detect the Leishmania parasite in human cutaneous lesions reported in small number of studies, generally with limited numbers of subjects. Advantages of FISH has been specificity, cost and ease-of-use compared to the alternatives. Based on the available literature and our current work, FISH has potential for diagnosing CL and should now be evaluated in larger cohorts in endemic regions. FISH for CL diagnosis could find application in countries such as Sri Lanka, where laboratory facilities may be limited in rural areas where the disease burden is highest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Nugegoda , Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Nugegoda , Sri Lanka.,Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester , Manchester
| | - Shalindra Ranasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Renu Wickremasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Nisal Jayanetti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Rajitha Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya , Kelaniya , Sri Lanka
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Nisansala GGT, Muthusinghe D, Gunasekara TDCP, Weerasekera MM, Fernando SSN, Ranasinghe KNP, Marasinghe MGCP, Fernando PS, Koizumi N, Gamage CD. Isolation and characterization of Leptospira interrogans from two patients with leptospirosis in Western Province, Sri Lanka. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1249-1252. [PMID: 30024367 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an endemic infectious disease causing considerable morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka; however, reports on the isolation of Leptospira from infected patients in Sri Lanka have been largely unavailable since the 1970s. Two isolates were obtained and characterized from 100 blood cultures from leptospirosis-suspected patients. Phylogenic analysis of partial flaB gene sequences identified the isolates as Leptospira interrogans. The patient serum samples from which Leptospira was isolated reacted with the Leptospira serogroups Sejroe and Canicola at a titre of 1 : 200. Exposure to domestic sewage and gutters filled with muddy water was suspected to be the source of infection in these two culture-positive patients. This study reports the successful isolation of pathogenic Leptospira from two patients in Western Province, Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G T Nisansala
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - D Muthusinghe
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T D C P Gunasekara
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M M Weerasekera
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S S N Fernando
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - M G C P Marasinghe
- 4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P S Fernando
- 5Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa Road, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N Koizumi
- 6Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C D Gamage
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Arachchi PS, Weerasekera MM, Seneviratne B, Weerasekera D, Fernando N, Gunasekara CP. Imprint cytology: a useful screening test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in resource poor settings. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:481. [PMID: 30012215 PMCID: PMC6048746 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to compare the usefulness of two staining methods for imprint cytology for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastric biopsy specimens (from dyspeptic patients attending routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy) were placed on glass slides to obtain imprints. The imprints were stained with Toluidine blue and Giemsa stains separately and observed under ×400 magnification using a light microscope. Imprinted biopsies were sectioned and stained with H & E stain and Giemsa stain for histological analysis. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection in both imprint and histological sections were confirmed by a consultant pathologist. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of each stain were calculated and benchmarked against histological diagnosis. Results Of the 55 dyspeptic patients enrolled in the study, 5 were positive for H. pylori by Toluidine blue stain and 4 by Giemsa stain. The sensitivity of Toluidine blue stain (57.1%) was higher than Giemsa stain (42.9%) while the specificity of both stains was equal (97.9%). Giemsa stain gave a better discrimination for identification of H. pylori bacteria among the mucosal background. Imprint cytology is a rapid, simple and cost effective diagnosis method that can supplement histological diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3592-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyumali Sandareka Arachchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Bimalka Seneviratne
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepaka Weerasekera
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Neluka Fernando
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Arachchi PS, Weerasekera MM, Senevirathna B, Weerasekera D, Fernando N, Gunasekara CP. Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in Sri Lanka. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:429-435. [PMID: 29704402 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms present on the promoter sequence of the TNF-α gene may affect production of TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, during immune responses. The presence of TNF-α polymorphisms is also reportedly associated with more severe manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, the frequency of TNF-α polymorphisms and the associated disease severity vary between different patient groups. In this study, gastric biopsies and blood specimens were collected from 138 patients with dyspepsia undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Our institution's Ethics Review Committee approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The presence of H. pylori was confirmed histologically in all patients. The frequency of TNF-α polymorphisms in the study cohort was investigated using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and expression of serum TNF-α quantitated using a commercial ELISA assay. The proportions of selected TNF-α polymorphisms (TNF-α -238, -308 and -863) were similar in H. pylori-positive and -negative patients. Homozygous mutations of TNF-α polymorphisms were rarely detected in the study group. There was a significant difference in TNF-α concentrations between patients with mild chronic gastritis and TNF-α -308 GG genotype and patients with moderate to severe chronic gastritis (P = 0.008). It was not possible to identify an association between these genotypes and disease severity because of the low frequency of heterozygous and homozygous mutated genes in Sri Lankan patients with dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyumali Sandareka Arachchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Bimalka Senevirathna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepaka Weerasekera
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Neluka Fernando
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Gunasekara T, Radhika N, Ragunathan KK, Gunathilaka D, Weerasekera MM, Hewageegana H, Arawwawala LADM, Fernando S. Determination of Antimicrobial Potential of Five Herbs used in Ayurveda Practices against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Anc Sci Life 2017; 36:187-190. [PMID: 29269969 PMCID: PMC5726184 DOI: 10.4103/asl.asl_179_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants are an important source of novel antimicrobial agents. Ayurvedic treatment involves the use of a variety of medicinal plants that merit investigation. Aims To investigate the antimicrobial activity of bark of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, stem of Rubia cordifolia Linn, leaves of Jasminum officinale Linn, stem of Berberis ceylanica C.K. Schneid. and fruit of Garcina zeylanica Roxb. Subjects and Methods Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of dried bark of Pongamia pinnata (Magul karanda), dried stem of Rubia cordifolia Linn (Welmadata), tender leaves of Jasminum officinale Linn (Jasmine) and dried stem of Berberis ceylanica (Dāruharidrā) were prepared according to standard protocols and tested for antimicrobial activity against five clinical isolates and one standard strain each of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and six Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates using the well diffusion method. Experiments were done in triplicates using well diffusion method. The plant extracts which gave a zone of inhibition in the well diffusion assay were further tested for Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). Results Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Berberis ceylanica and ethanolic extract of Rubia cordifolia had antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Garcinia zeylanica, and the ethanolic extracts of Jasminum officinale, Rubia cordifolia and Pongamia pinnata had antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Conclusions Berberis ceylanica and Rubia crodifolia had antimicrobial activity against Candida species while Garcinia zeylanica, Jasminum officinale, Rubia crodifolia and Pongamia pinnata had antimicrobial activity against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tdcp Gunasekara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ndm Radhika
- Medical Laboratory Science Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - K K Ragunathan
- Medical Laboratory Science Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dpp Gunathilaka
- Medical Laboratory Science Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M M Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Hgsp Hewageegana
- Department of Nidana Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - L A D M Arawwawala
- Herbal Technology Section, Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ssn Fernando
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Sandareka Arachchi P, Prabhashinie Gunasekara C, Manoji Weerasekera M, Lahiri Ubhayawardana N, Weerasekera D, Samarasinghe K, Seneviratne B, Fernando N. Association of selected human leukocyte antigen alleles (HLA-DQA1*0102, HLA-DQA1*0103 and HLA–DQB1*0301) with Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients. Int J Enteric Pathog 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ijep.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bandara K, Weerasekera MM, Gunasekara C, Ranasinghe N, Marasinghe C, Fernando N. Utility of modified Faine's criteria in diagnosis of leptospirosis. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:446. [PMID: 27554098 PMCID: PMC4995749 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is a globally emerging zoonotic disease and an important public health threat in developing countries. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is mainly based on clinical presentations in resource poor countries. World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced “Faine’s criteria” for diagnosis of leptospirosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of modified Faine’s criteria (with amendment) 2012 to detect leptospirosis in resource poor settings. Methods Blood samples of 168 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria admitted between January 2013 to January 2014 were tested by a commercial immunochromatographic assay (Leptocheck WB, India), microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Leptospirosis was confirmed by a single MAT titre ≥1:400 and / or by a positive PCR. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was made using the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data according to modified Faine’s criteria (with amendment) 2012. Results Leptospirosis was confirmed in 39 % (n = 66) by MAT and/or PCR. When modified Faine’s criteria (MAT ≥ 1.400 &/ or PCR), was evaluated against LERG confirmed cases sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 95.45 %, 56.86 %, 58.88 %, 95.08 % respectively. The modified Faine’s criteria with rapid immunochromatographic assay only had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value 89.39 %, 58.82 %, 58.42 %, and 89.55 % respectively. Conclusion The modified Faine’s criteria which utilized only immunochromatographic assay (leptocheck IgM) in Part C was found to be useful tool for diagnosing leptospirosis in a resource poor setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Bandara
- General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula Manoji Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Tangalle, Sri Lanka.
| | - Chinthika Gunasekara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chamil Marasinghe
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Neluka Fernando
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
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Ubhayawardana NL, Weerasekera MM, Weerasekera D, Samarasinghe K, Gunasekera CP, Fernando N. Detection of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains in a dyspeptic patient population in Sri Lanka by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:374-7. [PMID: 26068338 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.158557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of common clarithromycin-resistant mutation types present in the 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene of H. pylori strains in Sri Lanka. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive study where 76 dyspeptic patients who were required to undergo endoscopy examination were included. The study was carried out at a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In-house urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the glmM gene of H. pylori was performed to confirm the H. pylori infection. Analysis of point mutations in 23S rRNA gene strains were performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS Of the 16 urease-positive biopsies, 94% (n=15) were positive by PCR using the glmM primer. All H. pylori strains yeilded a point mutation at A2142G site of the 23S rRNA gene, while A2143G mutation was not detected. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in Sri Lanka, we reported predominance of A2142G point mutation associated with claritromycin resistance of H. pylori in a Sri Lankan population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - N Fernando
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka
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