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Andrade-Villagrán PV, Agüero MJ, Navarro JM, Urzúa Á. The paralytic shellfish toxin effect on bioenergetic constituents of the fishery resource Chorus giganteus (Gastropoda: Muricidae). Mar Environ Res 2022; 180:105735. [PMID: 36058088 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium catenella, one of the most common harmful microalgae observed in southern Chile, produces paralytic shellfish toxins, which can affect many organisms throughout the trophic chain. This research evaluated how paralytic shellfish toxins affected the principal bioenergetic constituents and fatty acids composition of the carnivorous snail Chorus giganteus. Snails were separated into a "toxic" group that was fed the toxic clam Mulinia edulis (which was previously fed A. catenella), and a "non-toxic" group, fed non-toxic clams. Both groups were kept under these conditions for 63 days. Our results indicated no difference in the ingestion rate of toxic versus non-toxic snails; however, a higher protein level was identified in toxic snails. The total lipid content proved to be no different in toxic versus non-toxic snails; although, an effect of the toxic diet on the fatty acid profile of C. giganteus was observed. High levels of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in toxic snails, were identified. Our results suggest that exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins, through diet, may cause changes in the biochemical composition of C. giganteus, which may have a subsequent impact on its energetic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Andrade-Villagrán
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile.
| | - M J Agüero
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Á Urzúa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
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Pontigo JP, Agüero MJ, Sánchez P, Oyarzún R, Vargas-Lagos C, Mancilla J, Kossmann H, Morera FJ, Yáñez AJ, Vargas-Chacoff L. Identification and expressional analysis of NLRC5 inflammasome gene in smolting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 58:259-265. [PMID: 27640334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) were recently identified as an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor family in vertebrates. While the immune system participation of NLRs has been characterized and analyzed in various mammalian models, few studies have considered NLRs in teleost species. Therefore, this study analyzed the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) NLRC5. Structurally, Atlantic salmon NLRC5 presented leucine-rich repeat subfamily genes. Phylogenetically, NLRC5 was moderately conserved between S. salar and other species. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed NLRC5 expression in almost all analyzed organs, with greatest expressions in the head kidney, spleen, and hindgut. Furthermore, NLRC5 gene expression decreased during smolt stage. These data suggest that NLRC5 participates in the Atlantic salmon immune response and is regulated, at least partly, by the smoltification process, suggesting that there is a depression of immune system from parr at smolt stage. This is the first report on the NLRC5 gene in salmonid smolts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Biología Celular y Molecular, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - María José Agüero
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricio Sánchez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Carolina Vargas-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Magister en Ciencias, Mención Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Mancilla
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Marine Harvest Chile, Ruta 226 Km8, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Hans Kossmann
- Trapananda Asesorias, Cristobal Colon 486, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile.
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral deChile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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