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Montesinos Á, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Grimplet J. Characterization of Almond Scion/Rootstock Communication in Cultivar and Rootstock Tissues through an RNA-Seq Approach. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4166. [PMID: 38140493 PMCID: PMC10747828 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The rootstock genotype plays a crucial role in determining various aspects of scion development, including the scion three-dimensional structure, or tree architecture. Consequently, rootstock choice is a pivotal factor in the establishment of new almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) intensive planting systems, demanding cultivars that can adapt to distinct requirements of vigor and shape. Nevertheless, considering the capacity of the rootstock genotype to influence scion development, it is likely that the scion genotype reciprocally affects rootstock performance. In the context of this study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the scion/rootstock interaction in young almond trees, with a specific focus on elucidating the scion impact on the rootstock molecular response. Two commercial almond cultivars were grafted onto two hybrid rootstocks, thereby generating four distinct combinations. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we discerned that indeed, the scion genotype exerts an influence on the rootstock expression profile. This influence manifests through the modulation of genes associated with hormonal regulation, cell division, root development, and light signaling. This intricate interplay between scion and rootstock communication plays a pivotal role in the development of both scion and rootstock, underscoring the critical importance of a correct choice when establishing new almond orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (UPM-INIA/CSIC), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Vahdati K, Sarikhani S, Arab MM, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM, Aletà N, Bielsa B, Gradziel TM, Montesinos Á, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Sideli GM, Serdar Ü, Akyüz B, Beccaro GL, Donno D, Rovira M, Ferguson L, Akbari M, Sheikhi A, Sestras AF, Kafkas S, Paizila A, Roozban MR, Kaur A, Panta S, Zhang L, Sestras RE, Mehlenbacher SA. Advances in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112234. [PMID: 34834597 PMCID: PMC8623031 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and their benefits to human health, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice used in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock-scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytohormones, and rootstock influences on the scion molecular processes, including long-distance gene silencing and trans-grafting. Understanding the mechanisms resulting from rootstock × scion × environmental interactions will contribute to developing new rootstocks with resilience in the face of climate change, but also of the multitude of diseases and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Saadat Sarikhani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Arab
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Charles A. Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Neus Aletà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA Fruit Production, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Bielsa
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.B.); (Á.M.); (M.J.R.-C.)
| | - Thomas M. Gradziel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Álvaro Montesinos
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.B.); (Á.M.); (M.J.R.-C.)
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.B.); (Á.M.); (M.J.R.-C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gina M. Sideli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Ümit Serdar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey; (Ü.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Burak Akyüz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey; (Ü.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Dario Donno
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Mercè Rovira
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA Fruit Production, Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell, Km. 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain;
| | - Louise Ferguson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields, Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.A.L.); (A.M.D.); (T.M.G.); (G.M.S.); (L.F.)
| | | | - Abdollatif Sheikhi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran;
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Salih Kafkas
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01380, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Aibibula Paizila
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana 01380, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Mahmoud Reza Roozban
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran; (S.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.K.); (S.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Srijana Panta
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.K.); (S.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.K.); (S.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Montesinos Á, Dardick C, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Grimplet J. Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252001. [PMID: 34644299 PMCID: PMC8513883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Bielsa B, Hewitt S, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Dhingra A, Rubio-Cabetas MJ. Identification of water use efficiency related genes in 'Garnem' almond-peach rootstock using time-course transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205493. [PMID: 30308016 PMCID: PMC6181374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses with far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic impacts, especially in perennial food crops such as Prunus. There is an urgent need to identify drought resilient rootstocks that can adapt to changes in water availability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PEG-induced water limitation stress will simulate drought conditions and drought-related genes, including transcription factors (TFs), will be differentially expressed in response to this stress. 'Garnem' genotype, an almond × peach hybrid [P. amygdalus Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.) x P. persica (L.) Batsch] was exposed to PEG-6000 solution, and a time-course transcriptome analysis of drought-stressed roots was performed at 0, 2 and 24 h time points post-stress. Transcriptome analysis resulted in the identification of 12,693 unique differentially expressed contigs (DECs) at the 2 h time point, and 7,705 unique DECs at the 24 h time point after initiation of the drought treatment. Interestingly, three drought-induced genes, directly related to water use efficiency (WUE) namely, ERF023 TF; LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase ERECTA; and NF-YB3 TF, were found induced under stress. The RNAseq results were validated with quantitative RT-PCR analysis of eighteen randomly selected differentially expressed contigs (DECs). Pathway analysis in the present study provides valuable information regarding metabolic events that occur during stress-induced signalling in 'Garnem' roots. This information is expected to be useful in understanding the potential mechanisms underlying drought stress responses and drought adaptation strategies in Prunus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bielsa
- Hortofruticulture Department. Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Seanna Hewitt
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Amit Dhingra
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Hortofruticulture Department. Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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