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Cantwell M, Walsh D, Furlong B, Moyna N, McCaffrey N, Boran L, Smyth S, Woods C. Healthcare professionals' knowledge and practice of physical activity promotion in cancer care: Challenges and solutions. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 27:e12795. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cantwell
- School of Health and Human Performance; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
- Irish Cancer Society; Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - D. Walsh
- School of Health and Human Performance; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - B. Furlong
- School of Health and Human Performance; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - N. Moyna
- School of Health and Human Performance; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - N. McCaffrey
- School of Health and Human Performance; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - L. Boran
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - S. Smyth
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - C. Woods
- Health Research Institute; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
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Hickland P, O'Neill R, Loughrey M, Weir R, Woodside J, Cantwell M. The Expression of Fatty Acid Synthase and its Ligand in Colorectal Cancer and its Effect on Prognosis; A Systematic Review. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grizzle RE, Ward KM, Peter CR, Cantwell M, Katz D, Sullivan J. Growth, morphometrics, and nutrient content of farmed eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), in New Hampshire, USA. Aquac Res 2017; 48:1525-1537. [PMID: 30123043 PMCID: PMC6093306 DOI: 10.1111/are.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When harvested, oysters represent a removal from the ecosystem of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). A number of factors potentially affect nutrient content, but a quantitative understanding across the geographic range of the eastern oysters is lacking. The present study was designed to quantify the relationships among various metrics of farmed eastern oysters near its northern geographic range focusing on nutrient content. Hatchery-reared oysters were deployed in polyethylene bags at six sites, and were measured on multiple occasions from 2010-2012. A quadratic polynomial fit to the combined datasets for shell height indicated that on average a 'cocktail' size oyster (63 mm shell height) would be reached after 2 yr, and 'regular' size (76 mm) would require 3 yr. There were significant differences in growth rates and oyster nutrient content among the sites; means for %N in soft tissue ranged from 6.9 to 8.6, and 0.07 to 0.18 in shell. Percent N in soft tissue and shell were highest at two sites at the mouths of rivers with elevated dissolved inorganic N concentrations in the water. Grand means (all sites, seasons and years combined) of soft tissue N and C for regular size oysters were 7.3% and 38.5%, respectively; and for shell N and C were 0.13% and 12.0%, respectively. Our study extends the range of data on nutrient content of the eastern oyster to northern New England, and indicates that oyster size, seasonality, and nutrient concentration in ambient water potentially affect %N and %C content of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Grizzle
- University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - K M Ward
- University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - C R Peter
- University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - M Cantwell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Human and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
| | - D Katz
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Human and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
| | - J Sullivan
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Human and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
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Meier JA, Hyun M, Cantwell M, Raza A, Mertens C, Raje V, Sisler J, Tracy E, Torres-Odio S, Gispert S, Shaw PE, Baumann H, Bandyopadhyay D, Takabe K, Larner AC. Stress-induced dynamic regulation of mitochondrial STAT3 and its association with cyclophilin D reduce mitochondrial ROS production. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaag2588. [PMID: 28351946 PMCID: PMC5502128 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is associated with various physiological and pathological functions, mainly as a transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus upon tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cytokine stimulation. In addition, a small pool of STAT3 resides in the mitochondria, where it serves as a sensor for various metabolic stressors including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially localized STAT3 largely exerts its effects through direct or indirect regulation of the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC). It has been assumed that the amounts of STAT3 in the mitochondria are static. We showed that various stimuli, including oxidative stress and cytokines, triggered a signaling cascade that resulted in a rapid loss of mitochondrially localized STAT3. Recovery of the mitochondrial pool of STAT3 over time depended on phosphorylation of Ser727 in STAT3 and new protein synthesis. Under these conditions, mitochondrially localized STAT3 also became competent to bind to cyclophilin D (CypD). Binding of STAT3 to CypD was mediated by the amino terminus of STAT3, which was also important for reducing mitochondrial ROS production after oxidative stress. These results outline a role for mitochondrially localized STAT3 in sensing and responding to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Meier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Marc Cantwell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Claudia Mertens
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer Sisler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Erin Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter E Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Andrew C Larner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Raje V, Derecka M, Cantwell M, Meier J, Szczepanek K, Sisler JD, Strobl B, Gamero A, Harris TE, Larner AC. Kinase Inactive Tyrosine Kinase (Tyk2) Supports Differentiation of Brown Fat Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:148-157. [PMID: 27802075 PMCID: PMC5412977 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for decades that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in maintaining body temperature in hibernating animals and human infants. Recently, it has become evident that there are also depots of brown fat in adult humans, and the mass of brown fat is inversely correlated with body weight. There are a variety of transcription factors implicated in the differentiation of classical Myf5+ brown preadipocytes, one of the most important of which is PRDM16. We have recently identified that in addition to PRDM16, the tyrosine kinase Tyk2 and the STAT3 transcription factor are required for the differentiation of Myf5 positive brown preadipocytes both in cell culture and in mice. Tyk2 is a member of the Jak family of tyrosine kinases, which are activated by exposure of cells to different cytokines and growth factors. In this study we report the surprising observation that a mutated form of Tyk2, which lacks tyrosine kinase activity (Tyk2KD) restores differentiation of brown preadipocytes in vitro as well as in Tyk2-/- mice. Furthermore, expression of the Tyk2KD transgene in brown fat reverses the obese phenotype of Tyk2-/- animals. Treatment of cells with Jak-selective inhibitors suggests that the mechanism by which Tyk2KD functions to restore BAT differentiation is by dimerizing with kinase active Jak1 or Jak2. These results indicate that there are redundant mechanisms by which members of the Jak family can contribute to differentiation of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Raje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
| | - Marta Derecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
| | - Marc Cantwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
| | - Jeremy Meier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
| | - Karol Szczepanek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
- Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249;
| | - Jennifer D. Sisler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vienna, A-1210, Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ana Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140; and
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Andrew C. Larner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298;
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Sisler JD, Morgan M, Raje V, Grande RC, Derecka M, Meier J, Cantwell M, Szczepanek K, Korzun WJ, Lesnefsky EJ, Harris TE, Croniger CM, Larner AC. The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) Inhibits Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Liver and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adipocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144444. [PMID: 26689548 PMCID: PMC4686975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a central role in orchestrating responses to various pathogens by activating the transcription of nuclear-encoded genes that mediate the antiviral, the antigrowth, and immune surveillance effects of interferons and other cytokines. In addition to regulating gene expression, we report that STAT1-/- mice display increased energy expenditure and paradoxically decreased release of triglycerides from white adipose tissue (WAT). Liver mitochondria from STAT1-/- mice show both defects in coupling of the electron transport chain (ETC) and increased numbers of mitochondria. Consistent with elevated numbers of mitochondria, STAT1-/- mice expressed increased amounts of PGC1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. STAT1 binds to the PGC1α promoter in fed mice but not in fasted animals, suggesting that STAT1 inhibited transcription of PGC1α. Since STAT1-/- mice utilized more lipids we examined white adipose tissue (WAT) stores. Contrary to expectations, fasted STAT1-/- mice did not lose lipid from WAT. β-adrenergic stimulation of glycerol release from isolated STAT1-/- WAT was decreased, while activation of hormone sensitive lipase was not changed. These findings suggest that STAT1-/- adipose tissue does not release glycerol and that free fatty acids (FFA) re-esterify back to triglycerides, thus maintaining fat mass in fasted STAT1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Sisler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Grande
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States of America
| | - Marta Derecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Meier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Marc Cantwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Karol Szczepanek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
- Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States of America
| | - William J. Korzun
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
- Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Croniger
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Larner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dahlui M, Jahan NK, Majid HA, Jalaludin MY, Murray L, Cantwell M, Su TT, Al-Sadat N. Risk and Protective Factors for Cigarette Use in Young Adolescents in a School Setting: What Could Be Done Better? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129628. [PMID: 26068668 PMCID: PMC4466253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking among Malaysian adolescents remains a public health concern despite concerted efforts in tobacco control. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and determinants of current-smoking status in young adolescents. This cross sectional study used the first round of the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Research Team's prospective cohort study. It was conducted in three States of the Central and Northern regions of Peninsular Malaysia between March and May 2012. The study used the multistage stratified sampling design. A total of 1,342 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12-13 years, were sampled from randomly selected urban and rural national schools. Information on current smoking status and associated factors were collected by a self-administered, pre-tested, validated, structured questionnaire. Seven percent of the samples were current-smokers; the majority (62%) of them started smoking at the age of 11 years or below. The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher in males (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.84), those who were influenced by smoker friends (OR = 8.35; 95% CI: 4.90, 14.25), who were unaware of the health risks of smoking (OR =1.85; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.36) and who reported a lack of satisfaction about their overall life (OR =3.26; 95% CI: 1.73, 6.12). The study findings provide valuable information to strengthen the existing school-based smoking prevention program through integration of social competence and social influence curricula. The program should empower the young adolescents to refuse tobacco offers, to overcome social influences and to resist peer pressure to avoid starting smoking. Particular focuses to include mental health service to prevent both emotional and behavioural problems are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N. K. Jahan
- SEACO and School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - H. A. Majid
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. Y. Jalaludin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L. Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - M. Cantwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - T. T. Su
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N. Al-Sadat
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cefola M, Pace B, Colelli G, Cantwell M. COMPOSITIONAL AND MARKETABLE QUALITY OF FRESH-CUT FLORETS OF FOUR SPECIALTY BRASSICAS IN RELATION TO CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2015.1071.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Swann R, Perkins A, Velentzis L, Mulligan A, Woodside J, Cantwell M, Dutton S, Leathem A, Robertson C, Dwek M. 893 The DietCompLyf Study – a Prospective Longitudinal Study of Breast Cancer Survival. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alam S, Cantwell M, Cardwell C, Gavin A, Murray L. O6-2.4 Early life exposures and the development of testicular cancer in Northern Ireland: a retrospective birth-cohort study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976b.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cantwell M, Hong G, Nie X. USING TISSUE AMMONIA AND FERMENTATIVE VOLATILE CONCENTRATIONS AS INDICATORS OF BENEFICIAL AND STRESSFUL MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES FOR LEAFY AND FLORAL VEGETABLES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2010.876.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deiss D, Wintergerst KA, Steil GM, Cantwell M, Kache S, Agarwal S, Wilson DM, Buckingham B. Insulin-Glukose Algorithmus zur Kontrolle der Hyperglykämie bei pädiatrischen Intensiv-Patienten. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pelletier MC, Ho KT, Cantwell M, Kuhn-Hines A, Jayaraman S, Burgess RM. Use of Ulva lactuca to identify ammonia toxicity in marine and estuarine sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2001; 20:2852-2859. [PMID: 11764171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods are being developed for use with whole sediments. Although a phase I TIE method has been developed to characterize ammonia toxicity in aqueous samples using the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca, the relationship between amphipod and mysid mortality and uptake by U. lactuca of bedded sediment ammonia had not been explored. Additionally, it was not known how interactions in whole sediments between metal and organic contaminants with U. lactuca and ammonia would affect TIE interpretation. The current study showed that ammonia toxicity to amphipods and mysids was reduced significantly in marine sediments in the presence of U. lactuca. The alga slightly affected metal concentrations but did not alter the concentration of organic contaminants in either overlying or interstitial waters. Conversely, ammonia uptake by U. lactuca was not affected by the presence of metal or organic contaminants in the sediments. When used with other TIE manipulations, U. lactuca can be utilized in a whole-sediment, phase I TIE to remove toxicity due to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Pelletier
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882., USA.
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Cantwell M, Clifford C. English nursing and medical students' attitudes towards organ donation. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32:961-8. [PMID: 11095236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to examine nursing and medical students' attitudes towards organ and corneal donation. A sample of 72 nursing and medical degree students from a British University, completed a 61-item self-administered quantitative questionnaire, adapted by Kent and Owens (1995) from an original tool devised by Parisi and Katz (1986). The findings revealed that all but one of the respondents had an overall positive attitude towards organ donation; a significant relationship was found to exist between the extent of this positive attitude held by each student and their personal willingness to donate organs. In total, 74% of the student nurses had already signed a donor card, compared to only 43% of the medical students, and the difference in the two groups' personal commitment towards donation was significant (P = 0.005). However, this disparity between the nursing and medical students was not evident when students were questioned about personally accepting organs, for survival. Most respondents agreed that they would take some form of transplanted organ or tissue into their body, if it was needed to maintain life. Overall, the study revealed that although this group of student nurses seem to be in favour of organ donation, with many willing to sign a donor card, doubts still exist in the medical student group. Further work is required to understand this phenomena. A comparison of the data with an earlier study completed by Kent and Owens (1995) indicate that student nurses may have a more positive orientation to donation than qualified staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cantwell
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, England.
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Maldonado Y, Cantwell M, Old M, Hill D, Sanchez ML, Logan L, Millan-Velasco F, Valdespino JL, Sepulveda J, Matsui S. Population-based prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic astrovirus infection in rural Mayan infants. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:334-9. [PMID: 9697712 DOI: 10.1086/515625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic and asymptomatic astrovirus infection was prospectively determined in a 3-year birth cohort of Mayan infants. Stool samples from 271 infants and 268 older siblings were tested for astrovirus, adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus and Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter species. Concurrent diarrhea, vomiting, fever, or anorexia were noted. Astrovirus was detected in 164 infants (61%) and 20 siblings (7%). Rotavirus (4%) and adenovirus 40/41 (13%) were isolated less frequently. Of all diarrheal episodes reported at a visit, 26% (78/305) were associated with astrovirus; 17% (78/452) of astrovirus infections were associated with diarrhea and 9% with other symptoms. Only diarrhea was associated with astrovirus infection (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.92; P = .01). Of infants with astrovirus, 70% shed at multiple visits over a period of 2-17 weeks (median, 5). The point prevalence of astrovirus infection was significantly higher among infants than siblings (relative risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.93-9.72; P < .0001, chi2). Astrovirus was identified throughout the year, peaked in March and May, and decreased in September. In this population, astrovirus was the most common enteric pathogen isolated; symptomatic infection was prevalent among infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) acquire an immunodeficiency with many characteristics similar to those of persons with inherited defects in the gene encoding the CD40-ligand (CD154). We found that the blood and splenic CD4+ T cells of patients with CLL failed to express surface CD154 after CD3 ligation. However, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we noted that CD3 ligation could induce such T cells to express CD154 messenger RNA at levels similar to that of CD3-activated T cells from normal donors. Moreover, addition of increasing numbers of CLL B cells to activated normal donor T cells rapidly resulted in progressively greater down-modulation of CD154. Such down-modulation of CD154 could be blocked by addition of CD40 monoclonal antibody to cultures in vitro. We propose that leukemia cell-mediated down-modulation of CD154 on activated T cells accounts for some of the acquired immune defects of patients with CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- CD40 Ligand
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Solubility
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cantwell
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0663, USA
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Sharma S, Cantwell M, Kipps TJ, Friedmann T. Efficient infection of a human T-cell line and of human primary peripheral blood leukocytes with a pseudotyped retrovirus vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:11842-7. [PMID: 8876225 PMCID: PMC38146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are an important target for gene transfer studies aimed at human gene therapy. However, no reproducibly efficient methods are currently available to transfer foreign, potentially therapeutic genes into these cells. While vectors derived from murine retroviruses have been the most widely used system, their low infection efficiency in lymphocytes has required prolonged in vitro culturing and selection after infection to obtain useful numbers of genetically modified cells. We previously reported that retroviral vectors pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis G glycoprotein (VSV-G) envelope can infect a wide variety of cell types and can be concentrated to titers of greater than 10(9) infectious units/ml. In this present study, we examined the ability of amphotropic and pseudotyped vectors expressing a murine cell surface protein, B7-1, to infect the human T-cell line Jurkat or human blood lymphocytes. Limiting dilution analysis of transduced Jurkat cells demonstrated that the pseudotyped vector is significantly more efficient in infecting T cells than an amphotropic vector used at the same multiplicity of infection (moi). To identify the transduction efficiency on PBLs, we examined the levels of cell surface expression of the B7-1 surface marker 48 to 72 hr after infection. The transduction efficiency of PBLs with the pseudotyped vector increased linearly with increasing moi to a maximum of approximately 16-32% at an moi of 40. This relatively high efficiency of infection of a T-cell line and of blood lymphocytes with VSV-G pseudotyped virus demonstrates that such modified pseudotyped retrovirus vectors may be useful reagents for studies of gene therapy for a variety of genetic or neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0634, USA
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Abstract
The effects of psychological parameters on resting metabolic rate (RMR) have been inadequately researched. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between anxiety and RMR. Seventy-nine male college students completed the trait portion (form Y-2) of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C. D. Spielberger, R. L. Gorsuch, R. Lushene, P. R. Vagg, and G. A. Jacobs. Self-evaluation questionnaire (form Y). In: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983) as a screening. Volunteers whose trait anxiety scores were > or = 1 SD above (52.7 +/- 2.7, n = 9) or below (26.5 +/- 3.0, n = 11) the male college student normal values (38 +/- 9) participated in the study. Fat-free weight was assessed using a seven-site skinfold equation (A. S. Jackson and M. L. Pollock. Phys. Sports Med. 13: 76-90, 1985). Resting metabolism was measured (Sensormedics metabolic cart model 2900) at two separate trials (1-2 wk apart) in the early morning after a 12-h fast and 36 h postexercise. An analysis of covariance with fat-free weight as the covariate revealed a significantly greater (P < 0.005) RMR in the high trait anxious group than in the low trait anxious group. State anxiety (form Y-1) assessments made before and after each RMR measurement revealed a significant main effect of group such that state anxiety was higher in the high trait anxious than in the low trait anxious group for both trials before and after RMR measurement. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.003) main effect for the time factor was found showing that state anxiety was reduced after the RMR procedure. The results of this study show that a statistically significant portion of the variance in RMR can be accounted for by individual differences in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Schmidt
- Human Performance Laboratory, Trenton State College, New Jersey 08650-4700, USA
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Mateos M, Ke D, Kader A, Cantwell M. DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF INTACT AND MINIMALLY PROCESSED LETTUCE TO HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.1993.343.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lafuente M, Cantwell M, Yang S, Rubatzky V. ISOCOUMARIN CONTENT OF CARROTS AS INFLUENCED BY ETHYLENE CONCENTRATION, STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND STRESS CONDITIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.1989.258.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cantwell M, Goldsmith M. The Effect on Calculated Clean Critical Activation Shapes of the Use of Transport Approximations in the Fast Groups. NUCL SCI ENG 1962. [DOI: 10.13182/nse62-a26096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cantwell
- Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh 30, Pennsylvania
| | - M. Goldsmith
- Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh 30, Pennsylvania
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