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Kugler M, Dellinger M, Kartnig F, Tosevska A, Müller L, Preglej T, Heinz L, Kiener H, Steiner G, Aletaha D, Karonitsch TM, Bonelli M. OP0079 SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS – T CELL INTERACTIONS ARE MAJOR DRIVERS OF INFLAMMATION: A CLOSER LOOK INTO THE JOINT. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is characterized by synovial inflammation resulting in bone and cartilage destruction. Crosstalk between activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, within the synovium might amplify synovial inflammation and joint destruction.ObjectivesTo define the interaction profile of activated FLS and CD4+ T cells within an inflammatory setting and to elucidate its consequence on synovial inflammation.MethodsTo screen for factors that activate FLS in RA, isolated FLS were treated with different inflammatory cytokines and transcriptomic changes were measured with RNA-seq. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) purified naïve CD4+ T-cells from the same patients were co-cultured with the cytokine pre-treated FLS. Automated fluorescence microscopy and downstream bioinformatic image analysis allowed visualization and quantification of cell-cell interactions. After co-culture T-cells were isolated and T-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation was determined by flow cytometry.ResultsTo model the in vivo situation, FLS were pre-stimulated with different pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RNA-seq revealed cytokine specific activation patterns of FLS. Correspondingly, we observed distinct CD4+ T cells – FLS interaction profiles depending on the cytokine used for FLS activation. In line with distinct interaction profiles, specific patterns in CD4+ T cells activation, proliferation and differentiation of naïve T cells into CD62Lhigh CD45ROhigh memory T cells could be detected. Signatures of cytokine-stimulated FLS could be identified in transcriptomic data from synovial tissue samples.ConclusionWithin this study, we describe how cytokine induced CD4+ T cells – FLS interactions impact on T-cell proliferation, activation and differentiation.References[1]Zhang F, Wei K, Slowikowski K, Fonseka CY, Rao DA, Kelly S, et al. Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry. Nat Immunol. 2019.[2]Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, Burmester GR, Emery P, Firestein GS, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18001.[3]Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet. 2016;388(10055):2023-38.[4]Bartok B, Firestein GS. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: key effector cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev. 2010;233(1):233-55.[5]Zhang F, Wei K, Slowikowski K, Fonseka CY, Rao DA, Kelly S, et al. Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry. Nat Immunol. 2019.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Warren A, Patterson DJ, Dunthorn M, Clamp JC, Achilles‐Day UE, Aescht E, Al‐Farraj SA, Al‐Quraishy S, Al‐Rasheid K, Carr M, Day JG, Dellinger M, El‐Serehy HA, Fan Y, Gao F, Gao S, Gong J, Gupta R, Hu X, Kamra K, Langlois G, Lin X, Lipscomb D, Lobban CS, Luporini P, Lynn DH, Ma H, Macek M, Mackenzie‐Dodds J, Makhija S, Mansergh RI, Martín‐Cereceda M, McMiller N, Montagnes DJ, Nikolaeva S, Ong'ondo GO, Pérez‐Uz B, Purushothaman J, Quintela‐Alonso P, Rotterová J, Santoferrara L, Shao C, Shen Z, Shi X, Song W, Stoeck T, La Terza A, Vallesi A, Wang M, Weisse T, Wiackowski K, Wu L, Xu K, Yi Z, Zufall R, Agatha S. Beyond the "Code": A Guide to the Description and Documentation of Biodiversity in Ciliated Protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 64:539-554. [PMID: 28061024 PMCID: PMC5697677 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular technology have revolutionized research on all aspects of the biology of organisms, including ciliates, and created unprecedented opportunities for pursuing a more integrative approach to investigations of biodiversity. However, this goal is complicated by large gaps and inconsistencies that still exist in the foundation of basic information about biodiversity of ciliates. The present paper reviews issues relating to the taxonomy of ciliates and presents specific recommendations for best practice in the observation and documentation of their biodiversity. This effort stems from a workshop that explored ways to implement six Grand Challenges proposed by the International Research Coordination Network for Biodiversity of Ciliates (IRCN-BC). As part of its commitment to strengthening the knowledge base that supports research on biodiversity of ciliates, the IRCN-BC proposes to populate The Ciliate Guide, an online database, with biodiversity-related data and metadata to create a resource that will facilitate accurate taxonomic identifications and promote sharing of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Warren
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonSW7 5BDUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Micah Dunthorn
- Department of EcologyUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern67663Germany
| | - John C. Clamp
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina27707USA
| | - Undine E.M. Achilles‐Day
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesBournemouth UniversityBournemouthBH12 5BBUnited Kingdom
| | - Erna Aescht
- Biology Center of the Upper Austrian MuseumLinzA‐4040Austria
| | | | | | | | - Martin Carr
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldHD1 3DHUnited Kingdom
| | - John G. Day
- Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanPA37 1QAUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yangbo Fan
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Shan Gao
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Jun Gong
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai264003China
| | - Renu Gupta
- Maitreyi CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi110021India
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Komal Kamra
- SGTB Khalsa CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India
| | - Gaytha Langlois
- Department of Science & TechnologyBryant UniversitySmithfieldRhode Island02917USA
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Diana Lipscomb
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20052USA
| | | | - Pierangelo Luporini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerino (MC)62032Italy
| | - Denis H. Lynn
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
| | - Honggang Ma
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Miroslav Macek
- Tropical Limnology Research Project, FES IztacalaUniversidad National Autonoma de MéxicoEdo. México 540 90Mexico
| | | | - Seema Makhija
- Acharya Narendra Dev CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi110019India
| | - Robert I. Mansergh
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO4 9LYUnited Kingdom
| | - Mercedes Martín‐Cereceda
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | - Nettie McMiller
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina27707USA
| | - David J.S. Montagnes
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZBUnited Kingdom
| | - Svetlana Nikolaeva
- Department of Earth SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonSW7 5BDUnited Kingdom
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya ul. 18Kazan 420000Russia
| | | | - Blanca Pérez‐Uz
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | | | - Pablo Quintela‐Alonso
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | - Johana Rotterová
- Department of ZoologyCharles University in PraguePrague12744Czech Republic
| | | | - Chen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, College of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xinlu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Weibo Song
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Department of EcologyUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern67663Germany
| | - Antonietta La Terza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerino (MC)62032Italy
| | - Adriana Vallesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerino (MC)62032Italy
| | - Mei Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Thomas Weisse
- Research Institute for LimnologyUniversity of InnsbruckMondsee5310Austria
| | | | - Lei Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Rebecca Zufall
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77006‐5001USA
| | - Sabine Agatha
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgA‐5020Austria
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Miller KE, Grossnickle JA, Brooks RD, Deards CL, DeHart TE, Dellinger M, Fishburn MB, Guo HY, Hansen B, Hayward JW, Hoffman AL, Kimball WS, Lee KY, Lotz DE, Melnik PA, Milroy RD, Pietrzyk ZA, Vlasses GC, Ohuchi FS, Tankut A. The TCS Upgrade: Design, Construction, Conditioning, and Enhanced RMF FRC Performance. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Miller
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - J. A. Grossnickle
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - R. D. Brooks
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - C. L. Deards
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - T. E. DeHart
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - M. Dellinger
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - M. B. Fishburn
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - H. Y. Guo
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - B. Hansen
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - J. W. Hayward
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - A. L. Hoffman
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - W. S. Kimball
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - K. Y. Lee
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - D. E. Lotz
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - P. A. Melnik
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - R. D. Milroy
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - Z. A. Pietrzyk
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - G. C. Vlasses
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - F. S. Ohuchi
- University of Washington Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - A. Tankut
- University of Washington Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Souidenne D, Florent I, Dellinger M, Justine JL, Romdhane MS, Furuya H, Grellier P. Diversity of apostome ciliates, Chromidina spp. (Oligohymenophorea, Opalinopsidae), parasites of cephalopods of the Mediterranean Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:33. [PMID: 27530149 PMCID: PMC4988119 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromidina spp. are enigmatic apostome ciliates (Oligohymenophorea, Opalinopsidae) that parasitise the renal and pancreatic appendages of cephalopods. Only four species have been described, among which only three have been formally named. No DNA sequence has been reported so far. To investigate Chromidina spp. diversity, we sampled cephalopods in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunis, Tunisia, and identified two distinct Chromidina spp. in two different host species: Loligo vulgaris and Sepia officinalis. From haematoxylin-stained slides, we described morphological traits for these parasitic species and compared them to previous descriptions. We also re-described the morphology of Chromidina elegans (Foettinger, 1881) from Chatton and Lwoff’s original materials and designated a neohapantotype and paraneohapantotypes for this species. We describe a new species, Chromidina chattoni Souidenne, Florent and Grellier n. sp., found in L. vulgaris off Tunisia, and evidence for a probable novel species, found in S. officinalis off Tunisia, although this latter species presents similarities to some morphological stages previously described for Chromidina cortezi Hochberg, 1971. We amplified, for the first time, an 18S rDNA marker for these two Chromidina species. Phylogenetic analysis supports the association of Chromidina within apostome ciliates. Genetic distance analysis between 18S rDNA sequences of representative apostomes indicates Pseudocollinia as the most closely related genus to Chromidina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhikra Souidenne
- UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France - UR03AGRO1 Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Florent
- UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Dellinger
- UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Lou Justine
- ISYEB, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR7205 CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 51, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Salah Romdhane
- UR03AGRO1 Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hidetaka Furuya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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Ludwig KF, Slone T, Cederberg KB, Silva AT, Dellinger M. A New Case and Review of Chylothorax in Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly and Gorham-Stout Disease. Lymphology 2016; 49:73-84. [PMID: 29906363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) and Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) are related diseases involving the lymphatic vasculature. Patients with these diseases frequently develop chylothorax, which can cause respiratory distress, failure, and death. Unfortunately, the optimum treatment for GLA and GSD patients with chylothorax remains unknown. Here we review 64 previously reported cases of chylothorax in GLA and GSD and describe a GLA patient with bilateral chylothorax that was treated with a pleurovenous shunt after multiple other treatments failed. Unfortunately, this shunt was not able to control the patient’s effusion, and she succumbed to her disease 3 years after the shunt was placed. Interestingly, our literature review revealed that patients with left-sided effusions had better outcomes than patients with either right-sided or bilateral effusions. Taken together, our report highlights the difficulty in managing chylothorax in patients with GLA or GSD and reveals that a better understanding of the cause of chylothorax is needed so that new therapies can be developed to treat this common complication of GLA and GSD.
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Dellinger M, Labat A, Perrouault L, Grellier P. Haplomyxa saranae gen. nov. et sp. nov., a new naked freshwater foraminifer. Protist 2014; 165:317-29. [PMID: 24810177 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new naked foraminifer, Haplomyxa saranae gen. nov. sp. nov., is described from an established cell line made from a single cell isolated from a freshwater garden pond. The new species was morphologically close to Reticulomyxa filosa, the only valid naked freshwater foraminifer species. However the two species differed when it came to the morphology of the cell body, the number of cysts, and the nutrition. The 18S rRNA gene had one of the longest sequences to date (4863 nucleotides), and it contained many insertions that are typical of Foraminifera. The size of this gene was 45% longer than the one of R. filosa due to the elongation of A+T rich regions, but molecular phylogeny based on conserved regions of the 3'-end placed the new species in the same morphological clade K. This report includes both morphological and genetic data which undoubtedly show that the new species is a new naked freshwater foraminifer and the second species of the clade K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dellinger
- "Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes", UMR 7245 CNRS - MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Amandine Labat
- "Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes", UMR 7245 CNRS - MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Perrouault
- "Structure et Instabilité des Génomes", UMR7196 CNRS - MNHN and INSERM U565, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 26, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- "Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes", UMR 7245 CNRS - MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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Combes A, Dellinger M, Cadel-six S, Amand S, Comte K. Ciliate Nassula sp. grazing on a microcystin-producing cyanobacterium (Planktothrix agardhii): impact on cell growth and in the microcystin fractions. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 126:435-441. [PMID: 23010390 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of microcystins (MCs)-producing cyanobacteria (MCs) can have detrimental effects on the food chain in aquatic environments. Until recently, few studies had focused on the fate of MCs in exposed organisms, such as primary consumers of cyanobacteria. In this study, we investigate the impact of an MC-producing strain of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii on the growth and physiology of a Nassula sp. ciliate isolated from a non-toxic cyanobacterial bloom. We show that this Nassula sp. strain was able to consume and grow while feeding exclusively on an MC-producing cyanobacterium over a prolonged period of time (8 months). In short-term exposure experiments (8 days), ciliates consuming an MC-producing cyanobacterial strain displayed slower growth rate and higher levels of antioxidant enzymes than ciliates feeding on two non-MC-producing strains. Three high-performance methods (LC/MS, LC/MS-MS and ELISA) were used to quantify the free and bound MCs in the culture medium and in the cells. We show that ciliate grazing led to a marked decrease in free MCs (methanol extractable) in cells, the MCs were therefore no longer found in the surrounding culture medium. These findings suggest that MCs may have undergone redistribution (free vs bound MCs) or chemical degradation within the ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Combes
- "Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes", UMR CNRS-MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
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Gonzalvez F, Pariselli F, Jalmar O, Dupaigne P, Sureau F, Dellinger M, Hendrickson EA, Bernard S, Petit PX. Mechanistic issues of the interaction of the hairpin-forming domain of tBid with mitochondrial cardiolipin. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9342. [PMID: 20179769 PMCID: PMC2825271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-apoptotic effector Bid induces mitochondrial apoptosis in synergy with Bax and Bak. In response to death receptors activation, Bid is cleaved by caspase-8 into its active form, tBid (truncated Bid), which then translocates to the mitochondria to trigger cytochrome c release and subsequent apoptosis. Accumulating evidence now indicate that the binding of tBid initiates an ordered sequences of events that prime mitochondria from the action of Bax and Bak: (1) tBid interacts with mitochondria via a specific binding to cardiolipin (CL) and immediately disturbs mitochondrial structure and function idependently of its BH3 domain; (2) Then, tBid activates through its BH3 domain Bax and/or Bak and induces their subsequent oligomerization in mitochondrial membranes. To date, the underlying mechanism responsible for targeting tBid to mitochondria and disrupting mitochondrial bioenergetics has yet be elucidated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present study investigates the mechanism by which tBid interacts with mitochondria issued from mouse hepatocytes and perturbs mitochondrial function. We show here that the helix alphaH6 is responsible for targeting tBid to mitochondrial CL and disrupting mitochondrial bioenergetics. In particular, alphaH6 interacts with mitochondria through electrostatic interactions involving the lysines 157 and 158 and induces an inhibition of state-3 respiration and an uncoupling of state-4 respiration. These changes may represent a key event that primes mitochondria for the action of Bax and Bak. In addition, we also demonstrate that tBid required its helix alphaH6 to efficiently induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action of tBid, and particularly emphasize the importance of the interaction of the helix alphaH6 with CL for both mitochondrial targeting and pro-apoptotic activity of tBid. These support the notion that tBid acts as a bifunctional molecule: first, it binds to mitochondrial CL via its helix alphaH6 and destabilizes mitochondrial structure and function, and then it promotes through its BH3 domain the activation and oligomerization of Bax and/or Bak, leading to cytochrome c release and execution of apoptosis. Our findings also imply an active role of the membrane in modulating the interactions between Bcl-2 proteins that has so far been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gonzalvez
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), INSERM U 567, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Pariselli
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), INSERM U 567, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Jalmar
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), INSERM U 567, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Dupaigne
- Université Paris Descartes, UPR2228 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France
| | - Franck Sureau
- BioMoCeti, CNRS UMR7033 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université Paris VI - Université Paris XIII, GENOPOLE Campus 1, Site SERONO, RN 7, Evry, France
| | - Marc Dellinger
- USM 504 Biologie Fonctionnelle des Protozoaires, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Eric A. Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sophie Bernard
- UPR 2228 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université Paris Descartes, IFR 95, Paris, France
| | - Patrice X. Petit
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), INSERM U 567, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Witte MH, Erickson RP, Khalil M, Dellinger M, Bernas M, Grogan T, Nitta H, Feng J, Duggan D, Witte CL. Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome without FOXC2 mutation: evidence for chromosome 16 duplication upstream of FOXC2. Lymphology 2009; 42:152-160. [PMID: 20218083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A patient with the classical phenotype of Lymphedema-Distichiasis syndrome (OMIM 153400) is described who showed no mutations in the sequence of FOXC2. Accordingly, a Gene Chip 250k array analysis was undertaken with dense SNP genotyping of the genomic region surrounding the FOXC2 locus on Chromosome 16 followed by copy number evaluation by real time PCR. The latter assay showed evidence of a duplicated region 5' of FOXC2 that could be causative for the patient's striking phenotype, which included both distichiasis and a hyperplastic refluxing lymphatic vascular and lymph node phenotype associated with pubertal onset lymphedema, scoliosis and strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Witte
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724-5200, USA.
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Dellinger M, Moreno G, Salet C, Tapiero H, Lampidis TJ. Cytotoxic and Photodynamic Effects of Photofrin® on Sensitive and Multi-drug-resistant Friend Leukaemia Cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 62:735-41. [PMID: 1362767 DOI: 10.1080/09553009214552691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To study cross-resistance to Photofrin (PF) photosensitization, a Friend leukaemia cell line (ADM-RFLC) with a high level of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and the parental sensitive cell line (FLC) have been used. PF uptake measured by HPLC shows a similar intracellular drug accumulation in both cell lines. The ID50s for cell growth inhibition by PF are also similar after exposure in the dark in the two cell lines, while after illumination they are slightly lower in ADM-RFLC than in FLC cells. Moreover, verapamil, known to reverse the MDR phenotype induced by P-glycoprotein over-expression (the drug efflux mechanism), affects equally ADM-RFLC and FLC cells sensitivity to PF. In addition, photodynamic treatment with PF did not reverse the resistance to rhodamine 123 and aclarubicin, but partly reverses resistance of ADM-RFLC cells to antitubulin drugs such as vinblastine or vincristine. These latter results could have clinical application in the treatment of tumours expressing the MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U201, CNRS URA 481, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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11
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Labaied M, Dagan A, Dellinger M, Gèze M, Egée S, Thomas SL, Wang C, Gatt S, Grellier P. Anti-Plasmodium activity of ceramide analogs. Malar J 2004; 3:49. [PMID: 15588325 PMCID: PMC539285 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-3-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingolipids are key molecules regulating many essential functions in eukaryotic cells and ceramide plays a central role in sphingolipid metabolism. A sphingolipid metabolism occurs in the intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and is associated with essential biological processes. It constitutes an attractive and potential target for the development of new antimalarial drugs. Methods The anti-Plasmodium activity of a series of ceramide analogs containing different linkages (amide, methylene or thiourea linkages) between the fatty acid part of ceramide and the sphingoid core was investigated in culture and compared to the sphingolipid analog PPMP (d,1-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol). This analog is known to inhibit the parasite sphingomyelin synthase activity and block parasite development by preventing the formation of the tubovesicular network that extends from the parasitophorous vacuole to the red cell membrane and delivers essential extracellular nutrients to the parasite. Results Analogs containing methylene linkage showed a considerably higher anti-Plasmodium activity (IC50 in the low nanomolar range) than PPMP and their counterparts with a natural amide linkage (IC50 in the micromolar range). The methylene analogs blocked irreversibly P. falciparum development leading to parasite eradication in contrast to PPMP whose effect is cytostatic. A high sensitivity of action towards the parasite was observed when compared to their effect on the human MRC-5 cell growth. The toxicity towards parasites did not correlate with the inhibition by methylene analogs of the parasite sphingomyelin synthase activity and the tubovesicular network formation, indicating that this enzyme is not their primary target. Conclusions It has been shown that ceramide analogs were potent inhibitors of P. falciparum growth in culture. Interestingly, the nature of the linkage between the fatty acid part and the sphingoid core considerably influences the antiplasmodial activity and the selectivity of analogs when compared to their cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. By comparison with their inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth, the ceramide analogs might inhibit P. falciparum growth through modulation of the endogenous ceramide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Labaied
- USM0504 Biologie fonctionnelle des protozoaires, Département Régulations, Développement, Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Boite postale n°52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Arie Dagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Marc Dellinger
- USM0504 Biologie fonctionnelle des protozoaires, Département Régulations, Développement, Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Boite postale n°52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marc Gèze
- USM0504 Biologie fonctionnelle des protozoaires, Département Régulations, Développement, Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Boite postale n°52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Egée
- CNRS FRE 2775, Station biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Serge L Thomas
- CNRS FRE 2775, Station biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Shimon Gatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Philippe Grellier
- USM0504 Biologie fonctionnelle des protozoaires, Département Régulations, Développement, Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Boite postale n°52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Bensasson RV, Bienvenue E, Dellinger M, Leach S, Seta P. C60 in Model Biological Systems. A Visible-UV Absorption Study of Solvent-Dependent Parameters and Solute Aggregation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100064a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The detection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in living human cells could be useful for understanding mitochondrial behaviour during cellular processes and pathological mtDNA depletions. However, until now, human mtDNA has not been visualized in living cells with fluorescence microscopy, although it has been easily detected in organisms with larger mtDNA. Previous reports have stated that mtDNA staining results in homogeneous fluorescence of mitochondria or that animal mitochondria are refractory to DAPI staining. This paper shows that mtDNA of cultured green monkey kidney CV-1 can be stained using a very low concentration of DAPI, then detected by a cooled Photometrics CCD camera with 14-bit resolution detection. Indeed, under these conditions CV-1 cells have small fluorescent spots in the cytoplasm that colocalize with mitochondria, even after mitochondrial movements, uncoupling by carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone and swelling. These observations have been reproduced for the human fibroblast foreskin cell line HS68. These results and known properties of DAPI as a specific DNA stain strongly suggest that mtDNA can be detected and visualized by fluorescence microscopy in human living cells, with potential developments in the study of mtDNA in normal and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Photobiologie, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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14
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Arnoult D, Tatischeff I, Estaquier J, Girard M, Sureau F, Tissier JP, Grodet A, Dellinger M, Traincard F, Kahn A, Ameisen JC, Petit PX. On the evolutionary conservation of the cell death pathway: mitochondrial release of an apoptosis-inducing factor during Dictyostelium discoideum cell death. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:3016-30. [PMID: 11598188 PMCID: PMC60152 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis in multicellular organisms by releasing apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c that activate the caspases effector pathway, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) that is involved in a caspase-independent cell death pathway. Here we report that cell death in the single-celled organism Dictyostelium discoideum involves early disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) that precedes the induction of several apoptosis-like features, including exposure of the phosphatidyl residues at the external surface of the plasma membrane, an intense vacuolization, a fragmentation of DNA into large fragments, an autophagy, and the release of apoptotic corpses that are engulfed by neighboring cells. We have cloned a Dictyostelium homolog of mammalian AIF that is localized into mitochondria and is translocated from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and the nucleus after the onset of cell death. Cytoplasmic extracts from dying Dictyostelium cells trigger the breakdown of isolated mammalian and Dictyostelium nuclei in a cell-free system, and this process is inhibited by a polyclonal antibody specific for Dictyostelium discoideum apoptosis-inducing factor (DdAIF), suggesting that DdAIF is involved in DNA degradation during Dictyostelium cell death. Our findings indicate that the cell death pathway in Dictyostelium involves mitochondria and an AIF homolog, suggesting the evolutionary conservation of at least part of the cell death pathway in unicellular and multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arnoult
- EMI U-9922 (INSERM-Université Paris VII), CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, 75018 Paris, France
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15
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Dellinger M, Geze M, Santus R, Kohen E, Kohen C, Hirschberg JG, Monti M. Imaging of cells by autofluorescence: a new tool in the probing of biopharmaceutical effects at the intracellular level. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1998; 28:25-32. [PMID: 9693085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The success of biopharmaceuticals relies on the ability to have reliable probes to interpret their mechanisms of action in situ at the intracellular level in terms of cell organelles and microcompartments. One of the most effective probes is the endogenous coenzyme NAD(P)H and its fluorescence transients obtained by the microinjection or perfusion of metabolic intermediates and modifiers, in the presence of drugs and inhibitors. The approach in fluorescence microtopography and microspectrofluorimetry is based on the premise that natural cell fluorescence (autofluorescence) holds a decisively greater potential in unravelling intracellular physiopathological processes than extrinsic fluorescence or artificial pseudocolouring. The mounting as a detector of a cooled charge-coupled device camera or alternatively of a non-cooled camera in conjunction with an image intensifier or an investigator (i.e. frame scan accumulator) to enhance sensitivity makes possible the detection of the low-quantum-yield NAD(P)H fluorescence at a level comparable to images previously obtained with high-quantum-yield fluorochromes. The modulation of mitochondrial autofluorescence by rotenone, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and oligomycin, and of cytoplasmic and nuclear autofluorescence by glucose and iodacetamide in CV-1 kidney epithelial cells, Ehrlich-Lettre hypotetraploid CCL77 cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provides examples of the usefulness of fluorescence imaging in the study of biopharmaceuticals. The method goes beyond NAD(P)H to the multiplicity of extrinsic and intrinsic probes already available or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoires de Photobiologie et de Biophysique, INSERM U201, CNRS URA 481, 43 rue Cuvier 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
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16
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Abstract
Photosensitization using the tumor-localizing porphyrin Photofrin induces cell death both in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of cell death is not well understood. Cell lysis (necrosis) and apoptosis have both been observed. The latter seems restricted mainly to lymphoma and epithelial cell lines. To check the influence of the incubation protocol on the cell death mechanism, CV-1 cells were loaded with Photofrin using two different protocols. In both protocols, photosensitized CV-1 cells underwent severe morphological changes before cell death. Many cells treated with protocol 1 (24 h with 1 microgram/mL of Photofrin in culture medium) underwent apoptosis, as demonstrated by plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation into vesicles, condensation of the chromatin and fragmentation of the nucleus with oligonucleosomic degradation of the DNA. In contrast, cells treated with protocol 2 (1 h with 10 micrograms/mL of Photofrin in phosphate-buffered saline) lysed instead of fragmented, without oligonucleosomic degradation of the DNA. This type of cell death looks much like necrosis. However, early morphological changes suggest that it is, in fact, apoptosis stopped by plasma membrane leakage. It is concluded that apoptosis is primarily induced in CV-1 cells but may be arrested by membrane lysis, depending on the incubation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. dellinge/MNHN.FR
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Dellinger M, Ricchelli F, Moreno G, Salet C. Hematoporphyrin derivative (Photofrin) photodynamic action on Ca2+ transport in monkey kidney cells (CV-1). Photochem Photobiol 1994; 60:368-72. [PMID: 7991662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
After 24 h incubation with Photofrin (PF), photodynamic action has been studied on Ca2+ transport in CV-1 cells. A moderate increase of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i is observed immediately after a dose of irradiation which yields a survival rate of less than 5% at 48 h. In parallel, studies on digitonin-permeabilized cells indicate that such a treatment inhibits endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake with few alterations of this process in mitochondria. In contrast, ADP-stimulated respiration is impeded and intracellular ATP level decreases. It is suggested that direct damage to endoplasmic reticulum as well as mitochondrial disturbance are the primary mechanisms responsible for a nontransient elevation of [Ca2+]i preceding cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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18
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Dellinger M, Pressman BC, Calderon-Higginson C, Savaraj N, Tapiero H, Kolonias D, Lampidis TJ. Structural requirements of simple organic cations for recognition by multidrug-resistant cells. Cancer Res 1992; 52:6385-9. [PMID: 1358433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously noted that a wide variety of drugs which are recognized by multidrug-resistant cells (MDR+) are positively charged. However, it remains unclear why and how such a large number of structurally different compounds can be distinguished by MDR+ cells. The majority of the diverse compounds subject to MDR are complex and thereby complicate definitive structure/function characterization of the P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR mechanism. Using a series of simple aromatic (alkypyridiniums) and nonaromatic (alkylguanidiniums) organic cations differing in their lipophilicity by stepwise additions of single alkyl carbons, we demonstrate by growth inhibition studies that a single aromatic moiety and a critical degree of lipophilicity (log P > -1) are required for recognition of these simple organic cations by MDR+ cells. Thus, MDR+ cells are not cross-resistant to the nonaromatic guanidiniums but do show cross-resistance to those aromatic pyridiniums with chain lengths > four. Resistance ratios, as determined by comparison of 50% inhibitory doses in MDR- versus MDR+ cells, increase as a function of increasing chain lengths of these latter simple aromatic compounds. Resistance to pyridinium analogues in MDR+ cells is reversible by co-treatment with nontoxic doses of verapamil. Preliminary uptake data with radioactive analogues further implicate the MDR mechanism of lowered drug accumulation in accounting for resistance to the pyridinium homologues. Utilization of these simple organic cations provides a rational basis for better defining the physical chemical properties of more complex compounds processed by the MDR mechanism and suggests a strategy for designing chemotherapeutic agents with reduced susceptibility to MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Departement de Biophysiques, Paris, France
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19
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Dellinger M, Brault D. Uptake and retention of Photofrin by cultivated human lymphoblastic cells (Reh6): preferential affinity of the cells for a minor component demonstrated by normal phase chromatography. Photochem Photobiol 1992; 55:587-94. [PMID: 1535714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of Photofrin by the human cultivated lymphoblastic cell line Reh6 was studied using normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Relative cellular uptake of eight fractions (uptake/amount of component initially present in the incubation solution) was determined. After 4 h of incubation, protoporphyrin and a small fraction (denoted 4) were incorporated to a greater relative extent than the other fractions. Weakly incorporated components (hematoporphyrin and aggregate-like components) were better retained by cells than the hydrophobic monomeric porphyrins (protoporphyrin and hydroxyethylvinyldeuteroporphyrin). Thus, any benefit gained from a higher uptake was mostly cancelled by a fast release--a situation observed for all fractions except for fraction 4, which displayed both high uptake and good cellular retention. This pattern was not modified when Photofrin concentration or serum percentage was changed. Fraction 4 was further resolved using a gradient system on normal silica. A single component appeared to be mostly responsible for the favorable properties presented by fraction 4, i.e. high uptake and retention within cells. This component was found to correspond to a late eluted peak in the typical reverse-phase HPLC profile of Photofrin. These results emphasize the possible role of minor Photofrin components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U. 201, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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20
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Delettre E, Brault D, Bruneval P, Vever-Bizet C, Dellinger M, Delgado O, Camilleri JP, Gaux JC, Peronneau P. In vitro uptake of dicarboxylic porphyrins by human atheroma. Kinetic and analytical studies. Photochem Photobiol 1991; 54:239-46. [PMID: 1838197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human atheromatous aorta segments as well as presumably disease-free control aorta were obtained at autopsy. They were incubated with solutions of various purified dicarboxylic porphyrins including hematoporphyrin (HP) and hydroxyethylvinyldeuteroporphyrin (HVD), and with solutions of Photofrin. Selective labelling of the atheroma was shown by macroscopic and microscopic observations of the characteristic porphyrin fluorescence associated with the atheromatous plaques. The time dependence of the uptake, monitored by absorption spectrophotometry or by high performance liquid chromatography, was inferred from the disappearance of the porphyrins in the incubation medium. Significant binding was observed in the absence of albumin or serum proteins. The uptake of HP was less than that of the more hydrophobic compounds HVD or Photofrin when these porphyrins were used alone. The presence of albumin or serum drastically reduces atheroma labelling. Some competition between HP and HVD for binding sites is also seen. The present results do indicate that hydrophobic porphyrins have an intrinsic affinity for atheroma and that they can be taken up through passive processes. Taking into account previous data on animal models (Photochem. Photobiol. (1989), 731-737), it appears however that, in vivo, interactions with proteins and pharmacokinetics will primarily determine plaque labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Delettre
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U. 201, CNRS U.A. 481, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Dellinger M, Vever-Bizet C, Brault D, Moreno G, Salet C. Uptake and photodynamic efficiency of hematoporphyrin, hydroxyethylvinyldeuteroporphyrin and hematoporphyrin derivative (Photofrin II): a study with isolated mitochondria. Photochem Photobiol 1990; 51:185-9. [PMID: 2139729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of Photofrin II (PFII), hematoporphyrin (Hp) and hydroxyethylvinyldeuteroporphyrin (HVD) by isolated mitochondria was studied using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The various PFII components show a high affinity for mitochondria. At 5.75 micrograms/ml PFII, their ratio of incorporation was found to be very similar, except for Hp which is about two times less incorporated. These results were reproduced with pure Hp and pure HVD. The uptake of Hp and HVD increases with concentration but, while that of Hp reaches a plateau, the uptake of HVD continues to increase. At a high porphyrin concentration (approximately 10(-5) M), the loss of respiratory control is obtained with the same light dose for Hp and PFII. Taking into account the uptake and the known photophysical parameters of the various porphyrins, the photodynamic efficiency of HVD seems equivalent to that of Hp. The present results and known data on cell photoinactivation suggest that the activity of these porphyrins is mainly dependent on their incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U.201, CNRS UA.481, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Vever-Bizet C, Dellinger M, Brault D, Rougee M, Bensasson RV. Singlet molecular oxygen quenching by saturated and unsaturated fatty-acids and by cholesterol. Photochem Photobiol 1989; 50:321-5. [PMID: 2780822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rate constants of molecular singlet oxygen quenching by saturated and unsaturated fatty-acids and by cholesterol-membrane critical components - membrane critical components - have been measured by time resolved detection of the 1270 nm phosphorescence of singlet molecular oxygen [O2(1deltag)]. We have determined (i) an increment of 5.7 x 10(2)M(-1)s(-1) per -CH2- in C6D6 and CD3OD for saturated fatty acids between C4 and C20, (ii) an increment of 3 x 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) per non-conjugated cis-double bond for C18 unsaturated fatty acids, identical in C6D6 and DC3OD, (iii) a lower quenching rate constant by a factor of 2.7 for the trans-C16 and trans-C18 as compared to the corresponding cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, (iv) a rate constant of O2x(1deltag) quenching by cholesterol of 5.7 x 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) in benzene. These rate constants are compared to those obtained for other membrane cellular components.
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Vever-Bizet C, L'Epine Y, Delettre E, Dellinger M, Peronneau P, Gaux JC, Brault D. Photofrin II uptake by atheroma in atherosclerotic rabbits. Fluorescence and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis on post-mortem aorta. Photochem Photobiol 1989; 49:731-7. [PMID: 2528156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb05571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions were induced in normal and Watanabe rabbits by atherogenic diet and stripping of aorta endothelium. The rabbits were injected with Photofrin II and sacrificed two days later. Atheromatous aorta as well as normal aorta from control animals were characterized by their fluorescence spectra using front face excitation. Characteristic emission peaks at 631 and 694 nm were displayed at atheromatous plaques. The excitation spectrum shows a strong band at 394 nm and weaker bands at 446, 504, 536 and 574 nm. Although no fluorescence of normal aorta can be seen by visual inspection, emission with a maximum at 626 nm was detected by spectrofluorimetry. Normal phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracts from atheroma and control aorta were also carried out. The specific labelling of atheroma involves mainly protoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin and also minor components of Photofrin II which are accumulated. Some other components are accumulated but do not appear to be specifically retained by atheroma.
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Dellinger M, Brault D. Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of free acid dicarboxylic porphyrins and hematoporphyrin derivative on silica. J Chromatogr 1987; 422:73-84. [PMID: 2830294 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(87)80441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The isocratic separation of dicarboxylic porphyrins (hematoporphyrin, hydroxyethylvinyl-deuteroporphyrin and protoporphyrin) and their isomers by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The stationary phase is unmodified silica and the mobile phase consists of acetone-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) mixtures containing water and inorganic acids. Retention (capacity factor, k') was found to decrease exponentially with the mole fraction of water (NH2O) and to increase linearly with the concentration of hydrochloric acid, following the relation k' = A [HCl] NH2O-4.85, where A is a constant characteristic of the porphyrin. The effects of the concentration and the nature of the acid used strongly suggest that retention involves a form of the porphyrin in which the inner nitrogens are protonated. The retention is thus partly determined by the basicity of the inner nitrogens, which depends on the electron-donating power of the porphyrin side-chains. Good resolution of the various components of hematoporphyrin derivative was obtained. In comparison with reversed-phase chromatography this method shows a different retention mechanism, appears to yield results of comparable reproducibility and provides complementary information. Possible retention mechanisms based on partition or adsorption equilibria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dellinger
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U 201, CNRS UA 481, Paris, France
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Dellinger M, Vever-Bizet C, Brault D, Delgado O, Rosenfeld C. Cellular uptake of hydroxyethylvinyldeuteroporphyrin (HVD) and photoinactivation of cultivated human leukemia (REH6) cells. Photochem Photobiol 1986; 43:639-47. [PMID: 3462753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb05640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Brault D, Vever-Bizet C, Dellinger M. Fundamental aspects in tumor photochemotherapy: interactions of porphyrins with membrane model systems and cells. Biochimie 1986; 68:913-21. [PMID: 2944548 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(86)80109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Some molecular aspects underlying photochemotherapy and photodiagnosis of tumors with porphyrins are reviewed. The nature of the clinically used photosensitizer HpD is first presented along with structures of molecules found to be efficient in vitro. The possible role of pH in the preferential retention of dicarboxylic porphyrins by tumors is discussed in light of results obtained with membrane models. The uptake of dicarboxylic porphyrins by cells most likely involves passive mechanisms. Cell photoinactivation using a purified porphyrin does not depend upon the incubation time but only on the intracellular concentration of the dye. This likely reflects a poor specificity of the photoinactivation processes with regard to the cellular localization of the dye. The properties which should be presented by more efficient photosensitizers are discussed.
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