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Simonovich VA, Burgos Pratx LD, Scibona P, Beruto MV, Vallone MG, Vázquez C, Savoy N, Giunta DH, Pérez LG, Sánchez MDL, Gamarnik AV, Ojeda DS, Santoro DM, Camino PJ, Antelo S, Rainero K, Vidiella GP, Miyazaki EA, Cornistein W, Trabadelo OA, Ross FM, Spotti M, Funtowicz G, Scordo WE, Losso MH, Ferniot I, Pardo PE, Rodriguez E, Rucci P, Pasquali J, Fuentes NA, Esperatti M, Speroni GA, Nannini EC, Matteaccio A, Michelangelo HG, Follmann D, Lane HC, Belloso WH. A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:619-629. [PMID: 33232588 PMCID: PMC7722692 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2031304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma is frequently administered to patients with Covid-19 and has been reported, largely on the basis of observational data, to improve clinical outcomes. Minimal data are available from adequately powered randomized, controlled trials. METHODS We randomly assigned hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia in a 2:1 ratio to receive convalescent plasma or placebo. The primary outcome was the patient's clinical status 30 days after the intervention, as measured on a six-point ordinal scale ranging from total recovery to death. RESULTS A total of 228 patients were assigned to receive convalescent plasma and 105 to receive placebo. The median time from the onset of symptoms to enrollment in the trial was 8 days (interquartile range, 5 to 10), and hypoxemia was the most frequent severity criterion for enrollment. The infused convalescent plasma had a median titer of 1:3200 of total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (interquartile range, 1:800 to 1:3200). No patients were lost to follow-up. At day 30 day, no significant difference was noted between the convalescent plasma group and the placebo group in the distribution of clinical outcomes according to the ordinal scale (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 1.35; P = 0.46). Overall mortality was 10.96% in the convalescent plasma group and 11.43% in the placebo group, for a risk difference of -0.46 percentage points (95% CI, -7.8 to 6.8). Total SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers tended to be higher in the convalescent plasma group at day 2 after the intervention. Adverse events and serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were observed in clinical status or overall mortality between patients treated with convalescent plasma and those who received placebo. (PlasmAr ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04383535.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ventura A Simonovich
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leandro D Burgos Pratx
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paula Scibona
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - María V Beruto
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marcelo G Vallone
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carolina Vázquez
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nadia Savoy
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego H Giunta
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lucía G Pérez
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marisa Del L Sánchez
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrea Vanesa Gamarnik
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego S Ojeda
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego M Santoro
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pablo J Camino
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sebastian Antelo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karina Rainero
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gabriela P Vidiella
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Erica A Miyazaki
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wanda Cornistein
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Omar A Trabadelo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fernando M Ross
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mariano Spotti
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gabriel Funtowicz
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Walter E Scordo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marcelo H Losso
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Inés Ferniot
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pablo E Pardo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eulalia Rodriguez
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pablo Rucci
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julieta Pasquali
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nora A Fuentes
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mariano Esperatti
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gerardo A Speroni
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Esteban C Nannini
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alejandra Matteaccio
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hernán G Michelangelo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dean Follmann
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - H Clifford Lane
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Waldo H Belloso
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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