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Masłowska A, Kochanowska DM, Sulich A, Domagala JZ, Dopierała M, Kochański M, Szot M, Chromiński W, Mycielski A. Bridgman-Grown (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se): A Comparison of Suitability for X and Gamma Detectors. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:345. [PMID: 38257444 PMCID: PMC10819988 DOI: 10.3390/s24020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the suitability of (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) as room-temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detector materials, grown using the Bridgman method. The investigation compares their crystal structure, mechanical and optical properties, and radiation detection capabilities. Both crystals can yield large-area single crystal samples measuring approximately 30 × 30 mm2. In low-temperature photoluminescence analysis, both materials showed defect states, and annealing in cadmium vapors effectively eliminated donor-acceptor pair luminescence in (Cd,Mn)Te but not in (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se). Moreover, harder (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited a higher etch pit density compared to softer (Cd,Mn)Te. X-ray diffraction examination revealed uniform lattice constant distribution in both compounds, with variations at a part per million level. (Cd,Mn)Te crystals demonstrated excellent single crystal properties with narrower omega scan widths, while (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited a high contribution of block-like structures with significantly larger misorientation angles. Spectroscopic evaluations revealed better performance of a pixelated (Cd,Mn)Te detector, in comparison to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se), achieving a mean full width at half maximum of 14% for the 122 keV gamma peak of Co-57. The reduced performance of the (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) detector may be attributed to deep trap-related luminescence or block-like structures with larger misorientation angles. In conclusion, Bridgman-grown (Cd,Mn)Te emerges as a more promising material for X-ray and gamma-ray detectors when compared to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Masłowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominika M. Kochanowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Adrian Sulich
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Jaroslaw Z. Domagala
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Dopierała
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Kochański
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Szot
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- International Research Centre MagTop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Chromiński
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mycielski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- Puremat Technologies Sp. z o.o., Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Celmer M, Opieliński KJ, Dopierała M. Structural model of standard ultrasonic transducer array developed for FEM analysis of mechanical crosstalk. Ultrasonics 2018; 83:114-119. [PMID: 28610713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the reasons of distortions in ultrasonic imaging are crosstalk effects. They can be divided into groups according to the way of their formation. One of them is constituted by mechanical crosstalk, which is propagated by a construction of a multi-element array of piezoelectric transducers. When an individual transducer is excited, mechanical vibrations are transferred to adjacent construction components, thereby stimulating neighboring transducers to an undesired operation. In order to explore ways of the propagation of such vibrations, the authors developed the FEM model of the array of piezoelectric transducers designed for calculations in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Simulations of activating individual transducers and calculated electrical voltages appearing on transducers unstimulated intentionally, were performed in the time domain in order to assess the propagation velocity of different vibration modes through the construction elements. On this basis, conclusions were drawn in terms of the participation of various construction parts of the array of piezoelectric transducers in the process of creating the mechanical crosstalk. The elaborated FEM model allowed also to examine the ways aimed at reducing the transmission of mechanical crosstalk vibrations through the components of the array. Studies showed that correct cuts in the fasteners and the front layer improve the reduction of the mechanical crosstalk effect. The model can become a helpful tool in the process of design and modifications of manufactured ultrasonic arrays particularly in terms of mechanical crosstalk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Celmer
- Chair of Acoustics and Multimedia, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - K J Opieliński
- Chair of Acoustics and Multimedia, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Dopierała
- Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeze L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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