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Cabral Gouveia GC, Galindo FS, Dantas Bereta Lanza MG, Caroline da Rocha Silva A, Pereira de Brito Mateus M, Souza da Silva M, Rimoldi Tavanti RF, Tavanti TR, Lavres J, Reis ARD. Selenium toxicity stress-induced phenotypical, biochemical and physiological responses in rice plants: Characterization of symptoms and plant metabolic adjustment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 202:110916. [PMID: 32800251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) at low concentration is considered benefit element to plants. The range between optimal and toxic concentration of Se is narrow and varies among plant species. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic, physiological and biochemical responses of four rice genotypes (BRS Esmeralda, BRSMG Relâmpago, BRS Bonança and Bico Ganga) grown hydroponically treated with sodium selenate (1.5 mM L-1). Selenium treated plants showed a dramatically decrease of soluble proteins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids concentration, resulting in the visual symptoms of toxicity characterized as leaf chlorosis and necrosis. Selenium toxicity caused a decrease on shoot and root dry weight of rice plants. Excess Se increased the oxidative stress monitored by the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. The enzymatic antioxidant system (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) increased in response to Se supply. Interestingly, primary metabolism compounds such as sucrose, total sugars, nitrate, ammonia and amino acids increased in Se-treated plants. The increase in these metabolites may indicate a defense mechanism for the osmotic readjustment of rice plants to mitigate the toxicity caused by Se. However, these metabolites were not effective to minimize the damages on phenotypic traits such as leaf chlorosis and reduced shoot and root dry weight in response to excess Se. Increased sugars profile combined with antioxidant enzymes activities can be an effective biomarkers to indicate stress induced by Se in rice plants. This study shows the physiological attributes that must be taken into account for success in the sustainable cultivation of rice in environments containing excess Se.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Lavres
- University of Sao Paulo (USP), Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
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Sahoo PK, Dall'Agnol R, Salomão GN, da Silva Ferreira Junior J, da Silva MS, Martins GC, E Souza Filho PWM, Powell MA, Maurity CW, Angelica RS, da Costa MF, Siqueira JO. Source and background threshold values of potentially toxic elements in soils by multivariate statistics and GIS-based mapping: a high density sampling survey in the Parauapebas basin, Brazilian Amazon. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:255-282. [PMID: 31401754 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A high-density regional-scale soil geochemical survey comprising 727 samples (one sample per each 5 × 5 km grid) was carried out in the Parauapebas sub-basin of the Brazilian Amazonia, under the Itacaiúnas Basin Geochemical Mapping and Background Project. Samples were taken from two depths at each site: surface soil, 0-20 cm and deep soil, 30-50 cm. The ground and sieved (< 75 µm) fraction was digested using aqua regia and analyzed for 51 elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). All data were used here, but the principal focus was on the potential toxic elements (PTEs) and Fe and Mn to evaluate the spatial distribution patterns and to establish their geochemical background concentrations in soils. Geochemical maps as well as principal component analysis (PCA) show that the distribution patterns of the elements are very similar between surface and deep soils. The PCA, applied on clr-transformed data, identified four major associations: Fe-Ti-V-Sc-Cu-Cr-Ni (Gp-1); Zr-Hf-U-Nb-Th-Al-P-Mo-Ga (Gp-2); K-Na-Ca-Mg-Ba-Rb-Sr (Gp-3); and La-Ce-Co-Mn-Y-Zn-Cd (Gp-4). Moreover, the distribution patterns of elements varied significantly among the three major geological domains. The whole data indicate a strong imprint of local geological setting in the geochemical associations and point to a dominant geogenic origin for the analyzed elements. Copper and Fe in Gp-1 were enriched in the Carajás basin and are associated with metavolcanic rocks and banded-iron formations, respectively. However, the spatial distribution of Cu is also highly influenced by two hydrothermal mineralized copper belts. Ni-Cr in Gp-1 are highly correlated and spatially associated with mafic and ultramafic units. The Gp-2 is partially composed of high field strength elements (Zr, Hf, Nb, U, Th) that could be linked to occurrences of A-type Neoarchean granites. The Gp-3 elements are mobile elements which are commonly found in feldspars and other rock-forming minerals being liberated by chemical weathering. The background threshold values (BTV) were estimated separately for surface and deep soils using different methods. The '75th percentile', which commonly used for the estimation of the quality reference values (QRVs) following the Brazilian regulation, gave more restrictive or conservative (low) BTVs, while the 'MMAD' was more realistic to define high BTVs that can better represent the so-called mineralized/normal background. Compared with CONAMA Resolution (No. 420/2009), the conservative BTVs of most of the toxic elements were below the prevention limits (PV), except Cu, but when the high BTVs are considered, Cu, Co, Cr and Ni exceeded the PV limits. The degree of contamination (Cdeg), based on the conservative BTVs, indicates low contamination, except in the Carajás basin, which shows many anomalies and had high contamination mainly from Cu, Cr and Ni, but this is similar between surface and deep soils indicating that the observed high anomalies are strictly related to geogenic control. This is supported when the Cdeg is calculated using the high BTVs, which indicates low contamination. This suggests that the use of only conservative BTVs for the entire region might overestimate the significance of anthropogenic contamination; thus, we suggest the use of high BTVs for effective assessment of soil contamination in this region. The methodology and results of this study may help developing strategies for geochemical mapping in other Carajás soils or in other Amazonian soils with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil.
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| | - Roberto Dall'Agnol
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Negreiros Salomão
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Souza da Silva
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Caixeta Martins
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Pedro Walfir Martin E Souza Filho
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Mike A Powell
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences (ALES), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Clovis Wagner Maurity
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Simões Angelica
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Marlene Furtado da Costa
- Gerência de Meio Ambiente - Minas de Carajás, Departamento de Ferrosos Norte, Estrada Raymundo Mascarenhas, S/N Mina de N4, Parauapebas, PA, 68516-000, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Siqueira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil
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