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Strand ME, Vanhaverbeke M, Henkens MTHM, Sikking MA, Rypdal KB, Braathen B, Almaas VM, Tønnessen T, Christensen G, Heymans S, Lunde IG. Inflammation and Syndecan-4 Shedding from Cardiac Cells in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041066. [PMID: 37189684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating biomarkers reflecting cardiac inflammation are needed to improve the diagnostics and guide the treatment of heart failure patients. The cardiac production and shedding of the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 is upregulated by innate immunity signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the potential of syndecan-4 as a blood biomarker of cardiac inflammation. Serum syndecan-4 was measured in patients with (i) non-ischemic, non-valvular dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), with (n = 71) or without (n = 318) chronic inflammation; (ii) acute myocarditis (n = 15), acute pericarditis (n = 3) or acute perimyocarditis (23) and (iii) acute myocardial infarction (MI) at day 0, 3 and 30 (n = 119). Syndecan-4 was investigated in cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts (n = 6–12) treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and its inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and its specific inhibitor infliximab, an antibody used in treatment of autoimmune diseases. The levels of serum syndecan-4 were comparable in all subgroups of patients with chronic or acute cardiomyopathy, independent of inflammation. Post-MI, syndecan-4 levels were increased at day 3 and 30 vs. day 0. IL-1Ra attenuated IL-1β-induced syndecan-4 production and shedding in vitro, while infliximab had no effect. In conclusion, syndecan-4 shedding from cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts was attenuated by immunomodulatory therapy. Although its circulating levels were increased post-MI, syndecan-4 did not reflect cardiac inflammatory status in patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Michiel T. H. M. Henkens
- Netherlands Heart Institute (NLHI), 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A. Sikking
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline B. Rypdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke M. Almaas
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
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Lunde IG, Aronsen JM, Melleby AO, Strand ME, Skogestad J, Bendiksen BA, Ahmed MS, Sjaastad I, Attramadal H, Carlson CR, Christensen G. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of syndecan-4 in mice results in activation of calcineurin-NFAT signalling and exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11795-11809. [PMID: 36205855 PMCID: PMC9712407 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a hallmark of cardiac dysfunction in patients with aortic stenosis (AS), and can be triggered by left ventricular (LV) pressure overload in mice by aortic banding (AB). Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan which is found increased in the myocardium of AS patients and AB mice. The role of syndecan-4 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is not well understood. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We developed mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of syndecan-4 (Sdc4-Tg) and subjected these to AB to examine the role of syndecan-4 in hypertrophy and activation of the pro-hypertrophic calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Sdc4-Tg mice showed exacerbated cardiac remodelling upon AB compared to wild type (WT). At 2-6 weeks post-AB, Sdc4-Tg and WT mice showed similar hypertrophic growth, while at 20 weeks post-AB, exacerbated hypertrophy and dysfunction were evident in Sdc4-Tg mice. After cross-breeding of Sdc4-Tg mice with NFAT-luciferase reporter mice, we found increased NFAT activation in Sdc4-Tg hearts after AB. Immunoprecipitation showed that calcineurin bound to syndecan-4 in Sdc4-Tg hearts. Isolated cardiomyocytes from Sdc4-Tg mice showed alterations in Ca2+ fluxes, suggesting that syndecan-4 regulated Ca2+ levels, and thereby, activating the syndecan-4-calcineurin complex resulting in NFAT activation and hypertrophic growth. Similarly, primary cardiomyocyte cultures from neonatal rats showed increased calcineurin-NFAT-dependent hypertrophic growth upon viral Sdc4 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our study of mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Sdc4 have revealed that syndecan-4 is important for activation of the Ca2+-dependent calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway, hypertrophic remodelling and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes in response to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (IEMR), Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Skogestad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård A Bendiksen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Silva GJJ, Parvan R, Shen X, Frisk M, Altara R, Strand ME, Rypdal KB, Lunde IG, Louch WE, Aronsen JM, Stenslokken KO, Stokke MK, Cataliotti A. ProANP31-67 ameliorates adverse cardiac remodeling and improves systolic and diastolic functions in a preclinical model of cardiorenal syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (HSØ-RHF, Project No. 25674)
Background
The cardiac hormone proANP31-67, a linear fragment of the N-terminal Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, has known enhancing renal effects. More recently, we described the cardio protective effects of this hormone in a model of chronic hypertension. More specifically, independently of the blood pressure level, proANP31-67 improved diastolic function, attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and reduced hypertrophy.
Purpose
The current study was designed to assess the cardiorenal effects of proANP31-67 in a rodent model of hampered renal function, followed by cardiac injury produced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
Methods
Right uninephrectomy (UNX) was performed in Wistar rats (n=28). Sixteen weeks after UNX, rats underwent cardiac I/R injury and randomly assigned to proANP31-67 (50 ng/kg/day s.c., n=15) or Vehicle (n=13) for four weeks post I/R. Echocardiographic examinations were performed at baseline (before UNX), 16 weeks after UNX, and four weeks after I/R. At the end of the study, cardiomyocytes were isolated and tissue samples were collected.
Results
Chronic UNX resulted in diastolic impairment (E/A: 1.47±0.08 at baseline vs 0.98±0.14 at 16 wks post UNX, p=0.0010). I/R further accentuated the development of the cardiorenal syndrome, and induced a mild systolic dysfunction in the placebo treated animals. However, four weeks of treatment with proANP31-67 preserved systolic function (EF: 62±3% placebo vs 74±2% proANP31-67, p<0.0001), and reverted the diastolic dysfunction (E/A: 0.72±0.15 placebo vs 1.24±0.11 proANP31-67, p=0.0134). ProANP31-67 ameliorated the adverse cardiac remodeling (i.e., reduction in the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial fibrosis), enhanced Ca2+ handling, and improved cardiomyocyte t-tubules´ structural changes compared to vehicle. At the cellular level, in vitro experiments demonstrated the direct effect of proANP31-67 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (assessed by [3H]-leucine incorporation) induced by endothelin 1 and angiotensin II.
Conclusion
ProANP31-67 has a direct cardiomyocyte protective effect, leading to an improvement in Ca2+ homeostasis and t-tubules´ structures and, prevents the development of systolic and diastolic dysfunction in a pre-clinical model of cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- GJJ Silva
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - R Parvan
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - X Shen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - M Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - R Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - ME Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - KB Rypdal
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - IG Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - WE Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - JM Aronsen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - K-O Stenslokken
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - MK Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
| | - A Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , Oslo , Norway
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Herum KM, Romaine A, Wang A, Melleby AO, Strand ME, Pacheco J, Braathen B, Dunér P, Tønnessen T, Lunde IG, Sjaastad I, Brakebusch C, McCulloch AD, Gomez MF, Carlson CR, Christensen G. Syndecan-4 Protects the Heart From the Profibrotic Effects of Thrombin-Cleaved Osteopontin. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013518. [PMID: 32000579 PMCID: PMC7033859 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Pressure overload of the heart occurs in patients with hypertension or valvular stenosis and induces cardiac fibrosis because of excessive production of extracellular matrix by activated cardiac fibroblasts. This initially provides essential mechanical support to the heart, but eventually compromises function. Osteopontin is associated with fibrosis; however, the underlying signaling mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we examine the effect of thrombin-cleaved osteopontin on fibrosis in the heart and explore the role of syndecan-4 in regulating cleavage of osteopontin. Methods and Results Osteopontin was upregulated and cleaved by thrombin in the pressure-overloaded heart of mice subjected to aortic banding. Cleaved osteopontin was higher in plasma from patients with aortic stenosis receiving crystalloid compared with blood cardioplegia, likely because of less heparin-induced inhibition of thrombin. Cleaved osteopontin and the specific osteopontin peptide sequence RGDSLAYGLR that is exposed after thrombin cleavage both induced collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. Like osteopontin, the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 was upregulated after aortic banding. Consistent with a heparan sulfate binding domain in the osteopontin cleavage site, syndecan-4 was found to bind to osteopontin in left ventricles and cardiac fibroblasts and protected osteopontin from cleavage by thrombin. Shedding of the extracellular part of syndecan-4 was more prominent at later remodeling phases, at which time levels of cleaved osteopontin were increased. Conclusions Thrombin-cleaved osteopontin induces collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts. Syndecan-4 protects osteopontin from cleavage by thrombin, but this protection is lost when syndecan-4 is shed in later phases of remodeling, contributing to progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Biotech Research and Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ariel Wang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Julian Pacheco
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Cathrine R. Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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5
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Mohammadzadeh N, Lunde IG, Andenæs K, Strand ME, Aronsen JM, Skrbic B, Marstein HS, Bandlien C, Nygård S, Gorham J, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan lumican improves survival and counteracts cardiac dilatation and failure in mice subjected to pressure overload. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9206. [PMID: 31235849 PMCID: PMC6591256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF) in response to pressure overload. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) contains fibrillar collagens and proteoglycans, important for maintaining tissue integrity. Alterations in collagen production and cross-linking are associated with cardiac LV dilatation and HF. Lumican (LUM) is a collagen binding proteoglycan with increased expression in hearts of patients and mice with HF, however, its role in cardiac function remains poorly understood. To examine the role of LUM in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling, we subjected LUM knock-out (LUMKO) mice to aortic banding (AB) and treated cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) with LUM. LUMKO mice exhibited increased mortality 1-14 days post-AB. Echocardiography revealed increased LV dilatation, altered hypertrophic remodeling and exacerbated contractile dysfunction in surviving LUMKO 1-10w post-AB. LUMKO hearts showed reduced collagen expression and cross-linking post-AB. Transcriptional profiling of LUMKO hearts by RNA sequencing revealed 714 differentially expressed transcripts, with enrichment of cardiotoxicity, ECM and inflammatory pathways. CFB treated with LUM showed increased mRNAs for markers of myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation and expression of ECM molecules important for fibrosis, including collagens and collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase. In conclusion, we report the novel finding that lack of LUM attenuates collagen cross-linking in the pressure-overloaded heart, leading to increased mortality, dilatation and contractile dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Bandlien
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, PhD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Life Sciences Center, West Tower, New York, NY, NY10011, USA
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Andenæs K, Lunde IG, Mohammadzadeh N, Dahl CP, Aronsen JM, Strand ME, Palmero S, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan fibromodulin is upregulated in clinical and experimental heart failure and affects cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201422. [PMID: 30052659 PMCID: PMC6063439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload of the heart leads to cardiac remodeling that may progress into heart failure, a common, morbid and mortal condition. Increased mechanistic insight into remodeling is instrumental for development of novel heart failure treatment. Cardiac remodeling comprises cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth, extracellular matrix alterations including fibrosis, and inflammation. Fibromodulin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibrillogenesis. Fibromodulin is expressed in the cardiac extracellular matrix, however its role in the heart remains largely unknown. We investigated fibromodulin levels in myocardial biopsies from heart failure patients and mice, subjected fibromodulin knock-out (FMOD-KO) mice to pressure overload by aortic banding, and overexpressed fibromodulin in cultured cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts using adenovirus. Fibromodulin was 3-10-fold upregulated in hearts of heart failure patients and mice. Both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts expressed fibromodulin, and its expression was increased by pro-inflammatory stimuli. Without stress, FMOD-KO mice showed no cardiac phenotype. Upon aortic banding, left ventricles of FMOD-KO mice developed mildly exacerbated hypertrophic remodeling compared to wild-type mice, with increased cardiomyocyte size and altered infiltration of leukocytes. There were no differences in mortality, left ventricle dilatation, dysfunction or expression of heart failure markers. Although collagen amount and cross-linking were comparable in FMOD-KO and wild-type, overexpression of fibromodulin in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro decreased their migratory capacity and expression of fibrosis-associated molecules, i.e. the collagen-cross linking enzyme lysyl oxidase, transglutaminase 2 and periostin. In conclusion, despite a robust fibromodulin upregulation in clinical and experimental heart failure, FMOD-KO mice showed a relatively mild hypertrophic phenotype. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, fibromodulin has anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheryl Palmero
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V. T. Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Herum KM, Romaine A, Melleby AO, Strand ME, Braathen B, McCulloch AD, Carlson CR, Christensen G. Abstract 417: Syndecan-4 Regulates the Effect of Osteopontin on Cardiac Fibroblast Function and Phenotype. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pressure overload of the heart induces cardiac fibrosis due to excessive production of extracellular matrix by activated cardiac fibroblasts. This compromises cardiac function and may lead to heart failure. The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 is upregulated in response to pressure overload and can bind extracellular signaling proteins via its heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. The matricellular protein osteopontin is associated with fibrosis and contains a heparan binding domain that overlaps with its thrombin cleavage site. We here examine the role of the extracellular part of syndecan-4 in regulating proteolytic cleavage and pro-fibrotic activity of the matricellular protein osteopontin. Syndecan-4 and osteopontin mRNA displayed similar regulation patterns in response to left ventricular pressure overload induced by aortic banding in mice. Syndecan-4 and osteopontin bound to each other in left ventricles and fibroblasts as shown by native western blots, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. Osteopontin was protected from cleavage by thrombin when pre-incubated with the extracellular domain of syndecan-4. Thrombin-cleaved osteopontin induced a pro-fibrotic phenotype when given to fibroblasts, whereas full-length osteopontin favored a more quiescent phenotype. Thus, our data suggest that the extracellular domain of syndecan-4 protects against the pro-fibrotic effects of osteopontin. Following the initial stage of extracellular remodeling, the extracellular part of syndecan-4 is shed from the cell surface. Accordingly, increased cleaved osteopontin was detected in hypertrophic pressure-overloaded left ventricles three days after aortic banding. Cleaved osteopontin was also detected in plasma from patients with aortic stenosis and displayed a higher cleaved/full-length ratio in the coronary sinus than the radial artery, suggestion that osteopontin is in fact cleaved locally in the heart. Our results indicate an anti-fibrotic effect of the extracellular part of syndecan-4 when it is still attached to the cell surface. Shedding of syndecan-4 from the cell surface at later stages of remodeling exposes osteopontin to cleavage by thrombin, enabling pro-fibrotic effects on cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Herum
- Institute for Experimental Med Rsch, Oslo Univ Hosp and Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Med Rsch, Oslo Univ Hosp and Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Med Rsch, Oslo Univ Hosp and Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Med Rsch, Oslo Univ Hosp and Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo Univ Hosp Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cathrine R Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Med Rsch, Oslo Univ Hosp and Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Med Rsch, Oslo Univ Hosp and Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Melleby AO, Strand ME, Romaine A, Herum KM, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Sjaastad I, Fiane AE, Filmus J, Christensen G, Lunde IG. The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican-6 Is Upregulated in the Failing Heart, and Regulates Cardiomyocyte Growth through ERK1/2 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165079. [PMID: 27768722 PMCID: PMC5074531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload is a frequent cause of heart failure. Heart failure affects millions of patients worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cell surface proteoglycans are emerging as molecular players in cardiac remodeling, and increased knowledge about their regulation and function is needed for improved understanding of cardiac pathogenesis. Here we investigated glypicans (GPC1-6), a family of evolutionary conserved heparan sulfate proteoglycans anchored to the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane, in experimental and clinical heart failure, and explored the function of glypican-6 in cardiac cells in vitro. In mice subjected to pressure overload by aortic banding (AB), we observed elevated glypican-6 levels during hypertrophic remodeling and dilated, end-stage heart failure. Consistently, glypican-6 mRNA was elevated in left ventricular myocardium from explanted hearts of patients with end-stage, dilated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Glypican-6 levels correlated negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction in patients, and positively with lung weight after AB in mice. Glypican-6 mRNA was expressed in both cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, and the corresponding protein displayed different sizes in the two cell types due to tissue-specific glycanation. Importantly, adenoviral overexpression of glypican-6 in cultured cardiomyocytes increased protein synthesis and induced mRNA levels of the pro-hypertrophic signature gene ACTA1 and the hypertrophy and heart failure signature genes encoding natriuretic peptides, NPPA and NPPB. Overexpression of GPC6 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and co-treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the GPC6-induced increase in NPPA, NPPB and protein synthesis. In conclusion, our data suggests that glypican-6 plays a role in clinical and experimental heart failure progression by regulating cardiomyocyte growth through ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne O. Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate M. Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Strand ME, Aronsen JM, Braathen B, Sjaastad I, Kvaløy H, Tønnessen T, Christensen G, Lunde IG. Shedding of syndecan-4 promotes immune cell recruitment and mitigates cardiac dysfunction after lipopolysaccharide challenge in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 88:133-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Skrbic B, Engebretsen KVT, Strand ME, Lunde IG, Herum KM, Marstein HS, Sjaastad I, Lunde PK, Carlson CR, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Lack of collagen VIII reduces fibrosis and promotes early mortality and cardiac dilatation in pressure overload in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:32-42. [PMID: 25694587 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In pressure overload, left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF). We recently found that collagen VIII (colVIII), a non-fibrillar collagen and extracellular matrix constituent, was reduced in hearts of mice with HF and correlated to degree of dilatation. A reduction in colVIII might be involved in LV dilatation, and we here examined the role of reduced colVIII in pressure overload-induced remodelling using colVIII knock-out (col8KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Col8KO mice exhibited increased mortality 3-9 days after aortic banding (AB) and increased LV dilatation from day one after AB, compared with wild type (WT). LV dilatation remained increased over 56 days. Forty-eight hours after AB, LV expression of main structural collagens (I and III) was three-fold increased in WT mice, but these collagens were unaltered in the LV of col8KO mice together with reduced expression of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β, SMAD2 signalling, and the myofibroblast markers Pxn, α-SMA, and SM22. Six weeks after AB, LV collagen mRNA expression and protein were increased in col8KO mice, although less pronounced than in WT. In vitro, neonatal cardiac fibroblasts from col8KO mice showed lower expression of TGF-β, Pxn, α-SMA, and SM22 and reduced migratory ability possibly due to increased RhoA activity and reduced MMP2 expression. Stimulation with recombinant colVIIIα1 increased TGF-β expression and fibroblast migration. CONCLUSION Lack of colVIII reduces myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis and promotes early mortality and LV dilatation in response to pressure overload in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Genetics, Harvard` Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate M Herum
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per K Lunde
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Askevold ET, Aukrust P, Nymo SH, Lunde IG, Kaasbøll OJ, Aakhus S, Florholmen G, Ohm IK, Strand ME, Attramadal H, Fiane A, Dahl CP, Finsen AV, Vinge LE, Christensen G, Yndestad A, Gullestad L, Latini R, Masson S, Tavazzi L, Ueland T. The cardiokine secreted Frizzled-related protein 3, a modulator of Wnt signalling, in clinical and experimental heart failure. J Intern Med 2014; 275:621-30. [PMID: 24330105 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental studies have shown involvement of Wnt signalling in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3), a modulator of Wnt signalling, is related to the progression of HF. DESIGN Circulating sFRP3 was measured in 153 HF patients and compared with 25 healthy controls. The association of sFRP3 with mortality was evaluated in 1202 patients (GISSI-HF trial). sFRP3 mRNA expression was assessed in failing human and murine left ventricles (LV), and cellular localization was determined after fractioning of myocardial tissue. In vitro studies were carried out in cardiac fibroblasts subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch. RESULTS (i) Heart failure patients had significantly raised serum sFRP3 levels compared with controls, (ii) during a median follow-up of 47 months, 315 patients died in the GISSI-HF substudy. In univariable Cox regression, tertiles of baseline sFRP3 concentration were significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, but not for CRP and NT-proBNP, the associations with mortality remained significant for the third tertile (all-cause, HR 1.45, P = 0.011; cardiovascular, HR 1.66, P = 0.003), (iii) sFRP3 mRNA expression was increased in failing human LV, with a decline following LV assist device therapy. LV from post-MI mice showed an increased sFRP3 mRNA level, particularly in cardiac fibroblasts, and (iv) mechanical stretch enhanced sFRP3 expression and release in myocardial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION There is an association between increased sFRP3 expression and adverse outcome in HF, suggesting that the failing myocardium itself contributes to an increase in circulating sFRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Engebretsen KVT, Lunde IG, Strand ME, Waehre A, Sjaastad I, Marstein HS, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Lumican is increased in experimental and clinical heart failure, and its production by cardiac fibroblasts is induced by mechanical and proinflammatory stimuli. FEBS J 2013; 280:2382-98. [PMID: 23480731 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During progression to heart failure (HF), myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations and tissue inflammation are central. Lumican is an ECM-localized proteoglycan associated with inflammatory conditions and known to bind collagens. We hypothesized that lumican plays a role in the dynamic alterations in cardiac ECM during development of HF. Thus, we examined left ventricular cardiac lumican in a mouse model of pressure overload and in HF patients, and investigated expression, regulation and effects of increased lumican in cardiac fibroblasts. After 4 weeks of aortic banding, mice were divided into groups of hypertrophy (AB) and HF (ABHF) based on lung weight and left atrial diameter. Sham-operated mice were used as controls. Accordingly, cardiac lumican mRNA and protein levels were increased in mice with ABHF. Similarly, cardiac biopsies from patients with end-stage HF revealed increased lumican mRNA and protein levels compared with control hearts. In vitro, mechanical stretch and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β increased lumican mRNA as well as secreted lumican protein from cardiac fibroblasts. Stimulation with recombinant glycosylated lumican increased collagen type I alpha 2, lysyl oxidase and transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA, which was attenuated by costimulation with an inhibitor of the proinflammatory transcription factor NFκB. Furthermore, lumican increased the levels of the dimeric form of collagen type I, decreased the activity of the collagen-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 and increased the phosphorylation of fibrosis-inducing SMAD3. In conclusion, cardiac lumican is increased in experimental and clinical HF. Inflammation and mechanical stimuli induce lumican production by cardiac fibroblasts and increased lumican altered molecules important for cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts, indicating a role in HF development.
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Strand ME, Herum KM, Rana ZA, Skrbic B, Askevold ET, Dahl CP, Vistnes M, Hasic A, Kvaløy H, Sjaastad I, Carlson CR, Tønnessen T, Gullestad L, Christensen G, Lunde IG. Innate immune signaling induces expression and shedding of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 in cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes, affecting inflammation in the pressure-overloaded heart. FEBS J 2013; 280:2228-47. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hueser JN, Strand ME, Pugh RP. Topical 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of actinic keratoses. Mo Med 1968; 65:965-8. [PMID: 5724176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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