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Colusso E, Rigon M, Corso AJ, Pelizzo MG, Martucci A. Optical Hydrogen Sensing Properties of e-Beam WO 3 Films Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1936. [PMID: 36850533 PMCID: PMC9958985 DOI: 10.3390/s23041936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide thin films with different thicknesses, crystallinity and morphology were synthesized by e-beam deposition followed by thermal treatment and acid boiling. The films with different surface morphologies were coated with gold nanoparticles and tested as optical sensing materials towards hydrogen. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry and UV-VIS spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structural, morphological and optical properties of the film. We demonstrated a good response towards hydrogen in air, reaching a good selectivity among other common reducing gases, such as ammonia and carbon monoxide. The sensitivity has been proven to be highly dependent on the thickness and crystallinity of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colusso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova & INSTM, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Rigon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova & INSTM, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alain Jody Corso
- CNR—Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Martucci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova & INSTM, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR—Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Desideri D, Bernardo E, Corso AJ, Moro F, Pelizzo MG. Electrical Properties of Aluminum Nitride Thick Films Magnetron Sputtered on Aluminum Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15062090. [PMID: 35329541 PMCID: PMC8952570 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a c-axis oriented aluminum nitride thick film on aluminum substrates is a promising step in the development of transducers for applications with a working temperature up to about 600 °C. The present paper deals with the realization of AlN thick films by means of reactive magnetron sputtering with a pulsed DC power supply, operating in continuous mode for 50 h. Two values (0.4 and 0.8) of nitrogen concentration were used; operative pressure and power were set at 0.3 Pa and 150 W, respectively. The thickness of the obtained aluminum nitride films on the aluminum substrate, assessed with a profilometer, varied from 20 to 30 µm. The preferential orientation of AlN crystals was verified by X-ray diffraction. Finally, as the main focus of the investigation, the films underwent electrical characterization by means of an LCR-meter used on a parallel plate capacitor set-up and a test system based on a cantilever beam configuration. AlN conductivity and ε33 permittivity were derived in the 100 Hz–300 kHz frequency range. Magnetron sputtering operation with nitrogen concentration equal to 0.4 resulted in the preferred operative condition, leading to a d31 piezoelectric coefficient, in magnitude, of 0.52 × 10−12 C/N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Desideri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrico Bernardo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alain Jody Corso
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), National Research Council of Italy, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Federico Moro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maria Guglielmina Pelizzo
- Institute for Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunications (CNR-IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy, via Gradenigo 6/b, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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3
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Sernicola A, Cama E, Pelizzo MG, Tessarolo E, Nicolli A, Viero G, Alaibac M. In vitro Assessment of Solar Filters for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the Action Spectrum of Protoporphyrin IX. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:796884. [PMID: 34988101 PMCID: PMC8720878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.796884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Subjects with erythropoietic protoporphyria rely on broad-spectrum sunscreens with high sun protection factor, which is not informative on efficacy in the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX, spanning visible radiation and peaking around 408 nm. Photoactivation of protoporphyrin IX is responsible for painful skin photosensitivity in erythropoietic protoporphyria. The authors assessed the protective efficacy of six sunscreens in vitro in the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX. Method: Transmittance measurements were performed in the 300-850 nm wavelengths on samples of six photoprotective products applied to polymethyl methacrylate plates. Porphyrin protection factor was calculated in the 300-700 nm region to provide a measurement for the efficacy of each product based on the action spectrum of protoporphyrin IX. Results: Product A showed the highest porphyrin protection factor among tested products with a median value of 4.22. Product A is a sunscreen containing organic filters, titanium dioxide and synthetic iron oxides, pigmentary grade active ingredients that absorb visible radiation. Other products showed inefficient protection in the visible, with transmittance between 75 and 95% at 500 nm. The low porphyrin protection factor of inorganic filter product B was attributed to particle micronization, as declared by the manufacturer. Conclusion: Adding porphyrin protection factor to sunscreen labeling could help patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitivity disorders identify products tailored on their specific needs. The development of sunscreens providing protection from visible radiation and excellent cosmetical tolerability could improve the lifestyle of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Sernicola
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Cama
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Guglielmina Pelizzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council of Italy, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Tessarolo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council of Italy, Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Nicolli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health (DCTV), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Viero
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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4
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Silic-Benussi M, Saponeri A, Michelotto A, Russo I, Colombo A, Pelizzo MG, Ciminale V, Alaibac M. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy targeting the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen for mycosis fungoides. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:977-981. [PMID: 33353448 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1858791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a low-grade T-cell lymphoma with primary cutaneous involvement accounting for more than half of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. The treatment of MF is very challenging due to the limited therapies available. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed and highly selective cancer treatment that employs a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a photo-absorber dye, the hydrophilic phthalocyanine IRdye 700DX® (IR700), and near infrared light. In this study, we investigated the effect of NIR-PIT on MF targeting the cell-surface antigen cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)Matherial and methods: MF derived My-La CD4+ cells were incubated with the anti-CLA antibody conjugated to IR700 and then irradiated with a 690 nm near-infrared light. Cell death was evaluated by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry 24 hours after irradiation.Results: Treatment with anti-CLA or light irradiation exhibited very modest pro-death effects, whereas treatment with the anti-CLA antibody conjugated to IR700 and then irradiation with a 690 nm near-infrared light induced a substantial increase in death in the MF cell line.Conclusions: NIR-PIT targeting CLA to treat MF showed marked antitumour effects. As such, CLA-targeted NIR-PIT could be a promising treatment for MF and, possibly, other cutaneous diseases characterized by CLA+ skin infiltrating T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Silic-Benussi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Colombo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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5
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Colusso E, Tancon M, Cazzola L, Parin R, Agnoli S, De Boni F, Pelizzo MG, Della Gaspera E, Del Col D, Martucci A. Solution‐processed graphene oxide coatings for enhanced heat transfer during dropwise condensation of steam. Nano Select 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colusso
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Marco Tancon
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cazzola
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Riccardo Parin
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo, 1 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Francesco De Boni
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo, 1 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Maria Guglielmina Pelizzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie via Trasea 7 Padova 35131 Italy
| | | | - Davide Del Col
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Alessandro Martucci
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
- INSTM Padova University unit Via Marzolo, 9 Padova 35131 Italy
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6
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Delmotte F, Pelizzo MG, Soufli R. A Special Section on X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Multilayer Coatings. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:516-517. [PMID: 30327065 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina Soufli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California
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7
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Corso AJ, Tessarolo E, Baccaro S, Cemmi A, Di Sarcina I, Magrin D, Borsa F, Ragazzoni R, Viotto V, Novi A, Burresi M, Pellowski F, Salatti M, Pagano I, Pelizzo MG. Rad-hard properties of the optical glass adopted for the PLATO space telescope refractive components. Opt Express 2018; 26:33841-33855. [PMID: 30650816 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) is a medium sized mission (M3) selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) for launch in 2026. The PLATO payload includes 26 telescopes all based on a six-element refractive optical scheme. Some components will be eventually manufactured by S-FPL51, N-KZFS11 and S-FTM16 glass whose radiation resistance is partially or totally unknown. The radiation-resistance properties of such materials have been investigated by using a 60Co γ-rays source as probe. Each optical component has been characterized by a depth profile curve which describes the transmission loss as a function of the thickness in dependence of the impinging dose. A model to simulate the throughput of the whole instrument has been developed and used to verify the instrument performance considering different stellar spectra.
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8
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Pelizzo MG, Corso AJ, Tessarolo E, Böttger R, Hübner R, Napolitani E, Bazzan M, Rancan M, Armelao L, Jark W, Eichert D, Martucci A. Morphological and Functional Modifications of Optical Thin Films for Space Applications Irradiated with Low-Energy Helium Ions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:34781-34791. [PMID: 30211532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future space missions will operate in increasingly hostile environments, such as those in low-perihelion solar orbits and Jovian magnetosphere. This exploration involves the selection of optical materials and components resistant to the environmental agents. The conditions in space are reproduced on ground through the use of ion accelerators. The effects of He particles coming from the solar wind impinging on a gold thin film have been systematically investigated, considering absorbed doses compatible with the duration of the European Space Agency Solar Orbiter mission. Structural and morphological changes have been proved to be dependent not only on the dose but also on the irradiation flux. A predictive model of the variation of thin film reflectance has been developed for the case of lower flux irradiation. The results are discussed regarding reliability and limitations of laboratory testing. The outcomes are important to address the procedures for the space qualification tests of optical coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pelizzo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Trasea 7 , 35131 Padova , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Gradenigo 6B , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - A J Corso
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Trasea 7 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - E Tessarolo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Trasea 7 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - R Böttger
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Ion Beam Center , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - R Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Ion Beam Center , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - E Napolitani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 8 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - M Bazzan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 8 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | | | | | - W Jark
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - D Eichert
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - A Martucci
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Trasea 7 , 35131 Padova , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 9 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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9
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Roso M, Boaretti C, Pelizzo MG, Lauria A, Modesti M, Lorenzetti A. Nanostructured Photocatalysts Based on Different Oxidized Graphenes for VOCs Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Roso
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Boaretti
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guglielmina Pelizzo
- National
Reseach Council of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lauria
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Modesti
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lorenzetti
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Nardello M, Zuppella P, Polito V, Corso AJ, Zuccon S, Pelizzo MG. Stability of EUV multilayer coatings to low energy alpha particles bombardment. Opt Express 2013; 21:28334-28343. [PMID: 24514344 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.028334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Future solar missions will investigate the Sun from very close distances and optical components are constantly exposed to low energy ions irradiation. In this work we present the results of a new experiment related to low energy alpha particles bombardments on Mo/Si multilayer optical coatings. Different multilayer samples, with and without a protecting capping layer, have been exposed to low energy alpha particles (4keV), fixing the ions fluency and varying the time of exposure in order to change the total dose accumulated. The experimental parameters have been selected considering the potential application of the coatings to future solar missions. Results show that the physical processes occurred at the uppermost interfaces can strongly damage the structure.
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11
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Corso AJ, Zuppella P, Windt DL, Zangrando M, Pelizzo MG. Extreme ultraviolet multilayer for the FERMI@Elettra free electron laser beam transport system. Opt Express 2012; 20:8006-8014. [PMID: 22453472 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the design of a Pd/B₄C multilayer structure optimized for high reflectance at 6.67 nm. The structure has been deposited and also characterized along one year in order to investigate its temporal stability. This coating has been developed for the beam transport system of FERMI@Elettra Free Electron Laser: the use of an additional aperiodic capping layer on top of the structure combines the high reflectance with filter properties useful in rejecting the fundamental harmonic when the goal is to select the third FEL harmonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jody Corso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-rays Optical Research, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Pelizzo MG, Corso AJ, Zuppella P, Windt DL, Mattei G, Nicolosi P. Stability of extreme ultraviolet multilayer coatings to low energy proton bombardment. Opt Express 2011; 19:14838-14844. [PMID: 21934844 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present results of an new experiment related to low energy protons bombardments on nano-structured optical coatings. Multilayer structures protected by different capping layers have been fabricated and exposed to low energy protons (1 keV). The experimental parameters have been selected considering the potential application of the coatings to solar mission instrumentation. Future solar missions will investigate the Sun from very close distances and optical components are constantly exposed to low energy ion particles irradiation. The experiment was repeated fixing the proton flux while varying the total dose accumulated. Results show that physical processes occurred at the uppermost interfaces can strongly damage the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pelizzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-rays Optical Research, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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13
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Corso AJ, Zuppella P, Nicolosi P, Windt DL, Gullikson E, Pelizzo MG. Capped Mo/Si multilayers with improved performance at 30.4 nm for future solar missions. Opt Express 2011; 19:13963-13973. [PMID: 21934757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.013963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Novel capping layer structures have been deposited on periodic Mo/Si multilayers to optimize reflectance at 30.4 nm. Design, deposition and characterization of such coatings are presented. Most of the structures proposed show improved performance with respect to standard Mo/Si multilayers and are stable over time. Reflectance at 121.6 nm and in the visible spectral range have been also tested to explore the applicability of such coatings to the Multi Element Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (METIS) instrument, a coronagraph being developed for the ESA Solar Orbiter platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jody Corso
- CNR – Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies LUXOR Lab, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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14
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Zuppella P, Monaco G, Corso AJ, Nicolosi P, Windt DL, Bello V, Mattei G, Pelizzo MG. Iridium/silicon multilayers for extreme ultraviolet applications in the 20-35 nm wavelength range. Opt Lett 2011; 36:1203-1205. [PMID: 21479030 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an Ir/Si multilayer for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) applications. Normal incidence reflectance measurements of a prototype film tuned to 30 nm wavelength show superior performance relative to a conventional Mo/Si multilayer structure; we also find good stability over time. Transmission electron microscopy and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy have been used to examine the microstructure and interface properties of this system: we find amorphous Si layers and polycrystalline Ir layers, with asymmetric interlayer regions of mixed composition. Potential applications of Ir/Si multilayers include instrumentation for solar physics and laboratory EUV beam manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zuppella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-Ray Optical Research, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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15
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Suman M, Pelizzo MG, Windt DL, Nicolosi P. Extreme-ultraviolet multilayer coatings with high spectral purity for solar imaging. Appl Opt 2009; 48:5432-5437. [PMID: 19823222 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.005432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Future solar experiments designed to perform solar plasma diagnostics will also be based on extreme-ultravilet observations. Multilayer (ML) optics are essential in this spectral region since these coatings have high reflectivity at normal incidence. Typically, the reflectivity curve of a ML coating has a small but finite bandwidth, and this can be a serious drawback when several spectral lines fall within the bandwidth. In fact, spectral lines emitted by different ion species can correspond to different plasma conditions. We present the design, realization, and characterization of an innovative ML structure with high reflectivity coupled with a strong rejection ratio for two adjacent spectral features. The key element is an optimized capping layer structure deposited on top of the ML that preserves the performance reflectance at the target wavelength and at the same time suppresses the reflectance at specific adjacent wavelengths. Application to the Fe xv3x10(6) K coronal emission line at 28.4 nm with rejection of the He ii Lyman-alpha line at 30.4 nm is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Suman
- National Research Council-National Institute for the Physics of the Matter, Laboratory for Ultravioletand X-ray Optical Research, via Gradenigo, 6B-35131 Padova, Italy.
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16
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Suman M, Monaco G, Pelizzo MG, Windt DL, Nicolosi P. Realization and characterization of an XUV multilayer coating for attosecond pulses. Opt Express 2009; 17:7922-7932. [PMID: 19434124 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.007922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The experimental characterization of an aperiodic reflecting multilayer (ML) structure designed to reflect and compress attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral region is presented. The MLs are designed for the 75-105 eV spectral interval with suitable reflectance and phase behavior, in particular high total spectral reflectivity coupled with very wide bandwidth and spectral phase compensation. The experimental phase behavior of the multilayer has been obtained through electron photoemission signal using an innovative method that is presented and discussed in this paper. With this ML we have demonstrated pulse compression by reflection from 450 as to 130 as.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Suman
- National Research Council, National Institute for the Physics of the Matter, LUXOR Laboratory, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Pelizzo MG, Suman M, Monaco G, Nicolosi P, Windt DL. High performance EUV multilayer structures insensitive to capping layer optical parameters. Opt Express 2008; 16:15228-15237. [PMID: 18795061 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.015228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and tested a-periodic multilayer structures containing protective capping layers in order to obtain improved stability with respect to any possible changes of the capping layer optical properties (due to oxidation and contamination, for example)-while simultaneously maximizing the EUV reflection efficiency for specific applications, and in particular for EUV lithography. Such coatings may be particularly useful in EUV lithographic apparatus, because they provide both high integrated photon flux and higher stability to the harsh operating environment, which can affect seriously the performance of the multilayer-coated projector system optics. In this work, an evolutive algorithm has been developed in order to design these a-periodic structures, which have been proven to have also the property of stable performance with respect to random layer thickness errors that might occur during coating deposition. Prototypes have been fabricated, and tested with EUV and X-ray reflectometry, and secondary electron spectroscopy. The experimental results clearly show improved performance of our new a-periodic coatings design compared with standard periodic multilayer structures.
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Abstract
UV radiation is known to cause acute and chronic eye and skin damage. The present case report describes a 90 min accidental exposure to UV-C radiation of 26 medical school students. Germicidal lamps were lit due to a malfunctioning of the timer system. Several hours after irradiation exposure, all subjects reported the onset of ocular symptoms, subsequently diagnosed as photokeratitis, and skin damage to the face, scalp and neck. While the ocular symptoms lasted 2-4 days, the sunburn-like condition produced significant erythema followed by deep skin exfoliation. The irradiation was calculated to be approximately 700 mJ cm(-2) absorbed energy, whereas the actual radiation emitted by the lamps was 0.14 mW cm(-2) (the radiometric measurements confirmed these calculi, because the effective irradiance measured from the height of the autopsy table to about 1 m under the UV-C lamp varied from 0.05 to 0.25 mW cm(-2)) but, more likely, the effective irradiance, according to skin phototype and symptoms, was between 50 and 100 mJ cm(-2). The ocular and skin effects produced by such a high irradiation (largely higher than that accepted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists [ACGIH] threshold limit values [TLVs]) appeared reversible in a relatively short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trevisan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova.
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Naletto G, Da DV, Pelizzo MG, Ragazzoni R, Marchetti E. Optical design of the wide angle camera for the Rosetta mission. Appl Opt 2002; 41:1446-1453. [PMID: 11900025 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The final optical design of the Wide Angle Camera for the Rosetta mission to the P/Wirtanen comet is described. This camera is an F/5.6 telescope with a rather large 12 degrees x 12 degrees field of view. To satisfy the scientific requirements for spatial resolution, contrast capability, and spectral coverage, a two-mirror, off-axis, and unobstructed optical design, believed to be novel, has been adopted. This configuration has been simulated with a ray-tracing code, showing that theoretically more than 80% of the collimated beam energy falls within a single pixel (20" x 20") over the whole camera field of view and that the possible contrast ratio is smaller than 1/1000. Moreover, this novel optical design is rather simple from a mechanical point of view and is compact and relatively easy to align. All these characteristics make this type of camera rather flexible and also suitable for other space missions with similar performance requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Naletto
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informatica, and Centro Interdipartimentale Studi ed Attività Spaziali, University of Padova, Italy.
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Villoresi P, Nicolosi P, Pelizzo MG. Design and experimental characterization of a high-resolution instrument for measuring the extreme-UV absorption of laser plasmas. Appl Opt 2000; 39:85-93. [PMID: 18337873 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The performances of a spectrometer for the observation of laser plasma absorption with high spectral and spatial resolution are described. Aspherical optics are used to correct the astigmatism in an extended spectral region. In this way only a small portion of the absorbing medium is probed, thus giving a good selection of the ionization stage acting as the absorption. Moreover, in the focal plane the plasma emission from the absorbing medium is spatially separated from the probe beam, with a consequent enhancement of the measurement sensitivity. The predicted optical performances from a ray tracing are compared with experimental observations for both spectral and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Villoresi
- Laboratorio di Elettronica Quantistica, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Gradenigo 6ya, 35131 Padova, Italia.
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Ceccherini P, Pelizzo MG, Villoresi P, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M, Stagira S. Surface damage of extreme-ultraviolet gratings exposed to high-energy 20-fs laser pulses. Appl Opt 1999; 38:4720-4724. [PMID: 18323960 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The damage fluences of gratings for diffraction of ultraviolet radiation, which are used in high-order harmonic generation experiments, have been measured with respect to the fundamental laser beam radiation. We have tested gold and platinum coatings of 40- and 50-nm thickness, respectively, deposited onto fused-silica substrates, after irradiation of high-energy, spatially filtered, 20-fs laser pulses at 780 nm. The damage appears at a fluence of approximately 0.3 J cm(-2) for gold and at a fluence of approximately 0.4 J cm(-2) for platinum. Scanning electron microscopy of the irradiated regions revealed different damaging mechanisms for the two coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ceccherini
- Laboratorio di Elettronica Quantistica, Istituto Nazionale Fisica della Materia, Universita di Padova, Padova, Italy
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