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de Chiara M, Montano C, Costanza D, Coluccia P, Auletta L, Greco A, Pasolini MP. Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the lateral digital palmar artery in pregnant mares. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:279-287. [PMID: 38494832 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular changes have been reported in late pregnancy in mares. However, there are no data on changes in peripheral blood flow. Doppler ultrasound represents a sensitive method for assessing the blood flow directed to the hoof. The aims of this study were to evaluate the blood flow parameters of the lateral palmar digital artery (LPDA) in pregnant mares and to assess intra- and interrater agreement between two observers with different levels of experience. The LPDAs of pregnant Italian Standardbred mares were examined. The vessels were located with B-mode ultrasound and analyzed with color and pulsed wave Doppler. The following parameters were recorded by the operators: heart rate (HR), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI). Measurements were performed between 2 and 3 months of gestation (T1), in the last month of pregnancy (T2) and a week after delivery (T3). Seventeen mares aged 3-18 years met the inclusion criteria. Ultrasound examinations of the LPDA were subjectively easy to perform and well tolerated by the mares. Interrater and intrarater agreement were good and moderate, respectively. The HR was higher at T2 than at T1 and T3. The PSV and RI changed significantly during pregnancy, with higher values at T2 and T3, whereas the EDV remained unchanged throughout the examination. Doppler examination showed that peripheral flow changes were present in mares in late pregnancy. However, the persistence of higher values after delivery invites further investigation to assess the correlation between metabolic/endocrine changes related to pregnancy and Doppler parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelena de Chiara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Montano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Costanza
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Coluccia P, Gizzarelli M, Scicluna MT, Manna G, Foglia Manzillo V, Buono F, Auletta L, Palumbo V, Pasolini MP. A cross-sectional study on performance evaluation in Italian standardbred horses' real-time PCR-positive for Theileria equi. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:79. [PMID: 38443906 PMCID: PMC10913582 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myopathy and perivasculitis have been recently described in horses with chronic equine piroplasmosis (EP). These alterations may be linked to poor performances. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence for EP in clinically healthy Italian Standardbred (IS) racehorses and to compare laboratory parameters and performance metrics between positive and negative horses. Real-time PCR was applied for the detection of T. equi and B. caballi positivity. Haematology parameters, blood chemistry results, subjective muscle mass scores, and performance metrics were compared between PCR-positive and -negative horses. RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 120 well-trained IS racehorses and was performed over a two-years period. The prevalence of T. equi was 36.3%, whereas all samples were negative for B. caballi. Red blood cells count, haemoglobin concentration, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities were significantly higher in PCR-positive horses, whereas blood urea nitrogen, globulin concentration and globulin-to-albumin ratio were significantly lower in PCR-positive horses compared to PCR-negative ones. Nonetheless, all values fell within the physiological range. The best racing time, which was selected as the most representative of the performance metrics at the principal component analysis, was not affected by PCR positivity, the muscle mass score or the training yard. The best racing time was significantly better in horses with a mild or no signs of muscular atrophy, within the PCR-positive group. The muscle mass score was associated with the training yard in PCR-negative horses. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of T. equi was high in IS racehorses in southern Italy. The absence of obvious changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as performance metrics in positive horses, highlights the need for specific diagnostic tests to identify chronically infected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Manuela Gizzarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scicluna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova 1411, Rome, 00178, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova 1411, Rome, 00178, Italy
| | - Valentina Foglia Manzillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Francesco Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, via dell'Università 6, Lodi, 26900, Italy.
| | - Veronica Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Prete CD, Nocera FP, Piegari G, Palumbo V, Martino LD, Cocchia N, Paciello O, Montano C, Pasolini MP. Use of cytobrush for bacteriological and cytological diagnosis of endometritis in mares. Vet World 2024; 17:398-406. [PMID: 38595673 PMCID: PMC11000473 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.398-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim A combined microbial and cytological examination of uterine samples is the main diagnostic method for endometritis in mares. This study aimed to describe a procedure for using the same uterine cytobrush (CB) for both bacteriological and cytological evaluation. Material and Methods The procedure consists of rolling the CB onto a sterilized glass slide immediately after collection and before the transfer into a sterile saline solution. In Experiment 1, a comparison between bacteriological results of the cotton swab (CS) and CB or pellet was made in 10 mares; in Experiment 2, bacteriological and cytological results were compared between different processing methods of CB in 28 mares; in other 6 mares, a CB was processed for cytology only, to investigate the reasons for the low cellularity of the pellet. Results The agreement between culture results from the CB and CS was evaluated, and a comparison between the cytological data obtained by different processing methods of CB was performed. The perfect agreement between the CB and CS microbiological results was found. The described procedure enables useful diagnostic smears for cytology. Moreover, the seeding of both the tip of CB and the saline solution used for the transport produced accurate bacteriological results. Conclusion The protocol described in this study for the use of CB for both cytological and bacteriological analysis could be used for the diagnosis of endometritis. To maximize diagnostic sample quality, cytology slides must be prepared with meticulous care in the field to preserve cellular integrity and minimize artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Del Prete
- Reproduction Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paola Nocera
- Diagnostic Service of Pathology and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Diagnostic Service of Pathology and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Palumbo
- Regional Reference Center for Urban Veterinary Hygiene (CRIUV), Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Diagnostic Service of Pathology and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Reproduction Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Diagnostic Service of Pathology and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Montano
- Surgery Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Surgery Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Montano C, Forni G, Lanci A, Mariella J, Prete CD, de Chiara M, Pasolini MP, Rinnovati R. Management of uroperitoneum through combination of conservative and surgical treatments in two colts. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1471-1477. [PMID: 38107226 PMCID: PMC10725285 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ruptures of the urinary bladder and urachus are the most frequent cause of uroperitoneum in foals. Surgical correction is often the first treatment choice, however, nonsurgical methods, such as urine removal via urinary catheters and abdominal drains, have been successfully performed in foals. Case Description Two foals were referred to the Equine Perinatology Unit for suspicion of uroperitoneum. The diagnosis was confirmed by hematobiochemical and ultrasound examinations, thus cystorrhaphy and cystoplasty were attempted. Surgeons found a lesion in the dorsocranial margin of the bladder (Case 1) and a tear in the pelvic urethra (Case 2); in the first case, the defect was routinely repaired, while the last lesion was impossible to repair due to its localization. A urinary catheter was left in place in both cases. Uroperitoneum recurred 72 hours after the surgery in both foals: a second surgical correction was not recommended due to the localization of the tears and conservative treatment, with the placement of a 32F chest tube in the most ventral part of the abdomen, was preferred. Abdominal drains were removed 5-7 days after surgery, while urinary catheters were left in place for up to 7-8 days. Colts' conditions improved during hospitalizations. Two months after bladder surgery, Case 1 was euthanized due to multiple adhesions between the small intestine and the abdominal wall. Case 2 was still alive one year postoperatively. Conclusion Although it cannot be considered the first choice for the treatment of uroperitoneum in the foal, nonsurgical treatment was successful in both cases in the short-term follow-up. However, the prognosis should be cautious due to the risk of long-term complications. Conservative management may be used to manage bladder/urethral tears that cannot be solved by surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena de Chiara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rinnovati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Navas L, Di Palma C, Pasolini MP, Montano C, de Chiara M, Lamagna F, Uccello V, Micieli F, Amalfitano C, Paciello O, Lamagna B. Outcomes of Treatment of Eyelids and Third Eyelid Tumours in Dogs Using High-Frequency Radiowave Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2105. [PMID: 37443903 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In human ophthalmology, the benefits of using high-frequency radiowave (HFR) electrocautery for surgical procedures were demonstrated and include effective haemostasis, shorter surgery times, and rapid recovery. In canine eyelid surgery, intraoperative bleeding is a common feature that may obscure the surgical field view and lead to the increased swelling of adjacent tissues, bruising, and pain. To evaluate the efficacy and benefits of HFR electrocautery in canine eyelid and third eyelid surgery, the medical records of 48 surgical excisions of eyelid tumours (involving up to one-third of the eyelid length) and 4 third eyelid excisions were reviewed. The information was collected including the breed, age, clinical signs, HFR power setting and mode of the surgical unit, electrode used for the surgery, intraoperative complications, histopathological diagnosis, and postoperative outcomes. Surgical techniques were performed using the Surgitron Dual 3.8 MHz Frequency RF device (Ellman International, Oceanside, NY, USA). Intraoperative bleeding was recorded as absent or very mild, and the surgical procedures were very fast. No complications occurred during the procedures. Healing within 10 days was observed in all the dogs. No tumour recurrences were recorded at the 12-month follow-up. HFR electrosurgery proved to be a safe, effective, and easy-to-perform technique for the removal of eyelid and third eyelid tumours in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Navas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Palma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Montano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena de Chiara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Uccello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Micieli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Costanza D, Greco A, Piantedosi D, Bruzzese D, Pasolini MP, Coluccia P, Castiello E, Baptista CS, Meomartino L. The heart to single vertebra ratio: A new objective method for radiographic assessment of cardiac silhouette size in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:378-384. [PMID: 36480112 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebral heart size (VHS) is widely determined in clinical practice as an objective method to assess the cardiac silhouette dimensions. However, a key limitation is that it is difficult to determine VHS in dogs with vertebral alterations. This retrospective, method comparison, observer agreement study sought to overcome this limitation by using the heart-to-single vertebra ratio (HSVR), by evaluating the level of agreement between VHS and HSVR, as well as the intra- and inter-observer agreement for HSVR. Three independent observers retrospectively evaluated thoracic radiographs obtained over a set time period. Exclusion criteria were the presence of alterations of the thoracic spine and the inability to clearly outline the cardiac silhouette. The lengths of the vertebral bodies, from the fourth to eighth thoracic vertebra, and VHS were measured on each radiograph. The HSVR was calculated by dividing the sum of the cardiac long and short axes by the length of each vertebral body. Eighty dogs of different breeds were included in the final analysis. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients revealed strong correlations between VHS and HSVR (0.91-0.96), and the Bland-Altman plots showed low bias (0.01-0.2) between the methods. The mean absolute errors indicated low average magnitudes of error (0.11-0.28). The intraclass correlation coefficients showed good to excellent inter-observer (0.87-0.92; P = 0.000) and intra-observer (0.87-0.99; P < .001) agreement. In the authors' opinion, this new method, which is less time consuming and more objective, could offer a valuable alternative to VHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Costanza
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Erica Castiello
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Cláudia Sofia Baptista
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, UPVet, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Della Valle G, Caterino C, Aragosa F, Balestriere C, Piscitelli A, Di Palma C, Pasolini MP, Fatone G. Relationship between Ground Reaction Forces and Morpho- Metric Measures in Two Different Canine Phenotypes Using Regression Analysis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070325. [PMID: 35878342 PMCID: PMC9319289 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple summary The force plate gait analysis is considered the gold standard for the objective assessment of limb function in dogs. Force plate analysis has been employed in several studies using a cohort of healthy dogs as a control group. However, these studies do not consider the subject variability within the same breed. Moreover, the lack of a rigorous analysis of morphometric variabilities in the same breed makes these evaluations poorly reliable. This prospective study aims to investigate the relationship between the ground reaction forces obtained by the force plate gait analysis and the morphometric measures in two different domestic dogs’ morphotypes. Our results highlighted how the ground reaction forces are influenced by morphometric measures not so much as a single contribution, but through the interaction between them. Indeed, the interaction between body weight, withers height, and velocity significantly influenced ground reaction forces with a greater unit increase for mesomorphs. Statistical models used in the available literature only partially explain the influence of morphometric measures on ground reaction forces, and the comparison between dogs should be made not referring to the breeds but the canine morphotype. Abstract Force plate analysis assesses gait symmetry and limb loading. However, as previously described, individual and breed variability (body size and conformation) is related to breeding, body conformation, and size. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the influence of morphometric measures on the speed (V), peak of vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), and stance time (ST) in healthy dolichomorph and mesomorph dogs and their combined effect on and interactions with V, PVF, VI, and ST in the same morphological types. Fifty dogs were enrolled in the current study, and specific morphometric measurements were recorded for each dog. A force platform was used to record the ground reaction forces (GFRs), including PVF and VI. Multiple linear regression models were used for the study purposes. According to our results, GFRs are influenced by morphometric measures (body weight, withers height, and speed) not so much as a single contribution, but by the interaction between them. It is not possible to compare GFRs in dogs that do not belong to the same breed. However, the subjective variabilities make this comparison difficult and poorly reliable. According to the author, the comparison should be made between canine morphological types rather than breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.D.V.); (C.C.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Chiara Caterino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.D.V.); (C.C.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Federica Aragosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.D.V.); (C.C.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812536025; Fax: +39-0812536020
| | | | - Alfonso Piscitelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80056 Portici, Italy;
| | - Cristina Di Palma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.D.V.); (C.C.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.D.V.); (C.C.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gerardo Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.D.V.); (C.C.); (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.); (G.F.)
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Di Palma C, Pasolini MP, Navas L, Campanile A, Lamagna F, Fatone G, Micieli F, Esposito C, Donnarumma D, Uccello V, Lamagna B. Endoscopic and Surgical Removal of Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies in Dogs: An Analysis of 72 Cases. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111376. [PMID: 35681840 PMCID: PMC9179859 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In emergency veterinary practice, gastrointestinal foreign body (GFB) removal is a common procedure that is performed with different techniques, such as endoscopy or surgery. The aims of this retrospective, multicentre, clinical study were to report the common locations and types of objects recovered and to investigate clinical factors and outcomes in dogs after surgical or endoscopic treatment for GFB removal. Records of dogs with a GFB diagnosis referred to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital or treated in three different veterinary hospitals from September 2017 to September 2019 were examined. The data obtained from each case included breed, age, clinical signs at presentation, duration of clinical signs, type and location of the GFB, treatment, length of hospitalisation and outcome. Seventy-two dogs were enrolled in the study. There were 42 males (58%) and 30 females (42%). The median age was 36 months (range: 3 months to 8 years). Endoscopic retrieval was performed in 56% of GFBs (located in the stomach or duodenum), whereas 44% of dogs underwent surgery. The type of FB detected varied greatly: kid toy (14%), metallic object/coin (13%), cloth (13%), sock (8%), ball (8%), plastic material (8%), peach stone (7%), fishhook (6%), sewing needle (4%), hair tie (4%), pacifier (3%), plant materials (3%) and others (9%). Moreover, the FBs were classified as sharp (13%, n = 9), pointed (33%, n = 24), blunt (26%, n = 19), or linear (28%, n = 20). In this study, 68% of FBs were localised in the stomach, 25% in the intestinal tract (50% duodenum, 28% jejunum, and 22% ileum), and 7% in both the stomach and small intestine. The type of GFB was not significantly associated with age, site or breed. There was a significant association between the type of GFB and sex: if the dog was male, there was a 38% probability of ingesting linear GFBs. The dog survival rate was 100% in cases treated by gastric endoscopic or surgical removal, 94% in cases treated with enterotomy and 33% in cases in which enterectomy was necessary. Enterectomy and multiple surgical sites were associated with a poor outcome. The presence of vomiting for more than 24 h was significantly associated with death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Di Palma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-253-6025; Fax: +39-081-253-6021
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
| | - Luigi Navas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
| | - Andrea Campanile
- Veterinary Practitioner, Endovet Professional Association, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Francesco Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
| | - Gerardo Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
| | - Fabiana Micieli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Veterinary Practitioner, 80100 Naples, Italy; (C.E.); (D.D.)
| | | | | | - Barbara Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.P.P.); (L.N.); (F.L.); (G.F.); (F.M.); b (B.L.)
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9
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Del Prete C, Freccero F, Lanci A, Hallowell GD, Bullone C, Castagnetti C, Pasolini MP. Transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of caudal vena cava to aorta derived ratios in clinically healthy neonatal foals. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1451-1459. [PMID: 33939323 PMCID: PMC8464261 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasonographic measurement of the vena cava and aorta (Ao) diameters and their ratios have been suggested to be a reliable way of quantifying hypovolemia. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of an ultrasonographic technique for measurement of Ao and caudal vena cava (CVC) and derived ratios using three different acoustic windows in a population of healthy neonatal foals. Correlation between Ao and CVC measurements and ratios and foals' age or bodyweight were also investigated. Methods In 14 healthy foals aged less than 7 days, the diameters of the Ao and of the CVC in long and short axis were measured by two observers from images obtained using three different ultrasonographic imaging planes (left dorsal, left ventral and right views). The Ao and CVC cross‐sectional area and the CVC/Ao diameter and area ratios were calculated. Image quality was subjectively assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for image quality scores and measurements were evaluated between the two observers. Simple linear regression models were used to identify correlations between the CVC/Ao measurements and ratios and the age and bodyweight of the foals. Results The left ventral view showed the highest reliability. A correlation between bodyweight and the short axis measurement of the CVC was found (R2 = 0.385; p = 0.018). Age was positively correlated with the long axis of measurement of the CVC (R2 = 0.426; p = 0.011) and CVC/Ao diameter ratio (R2 = 0.625; p = 0.001). Conclusions The left ventral view allows the Ao and CVC cross sections to be easily visualized and measured in neonatal foals in right lateral recumbency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gayle D Hallowell
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Costanza D, Pasolini MP, Greco A, Mennonna G, Auletta L, Lamagna F, Meomartino L. Ultrasonographic measurement of kidney-to-aorta parameters in Whippets. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:476-482. [PMID: 33550659 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, an ultrasonographic method to assess kidney size in dogs as a ratio of kidney length to aortic luminal diameter (KL/AoD ratio) was proposed. The main limitation of this method was the wide range of normal values (5.5-9.1), which resulted in poor sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this prospective, observational, reference interval study was to determine whether the KL/AoD normal cut-off values in a single breed (Whippets) would have a narrower range than the previously reported normal reference ranges. The influence of sex, age, weight, and side on kidney length (KL) and of sex, age, weight, and scanning plane (longitudinal vs transversal) on aortic luminal diameter (AoD) were also investigated. Thirty-six clinically healthy Whippets (16 males, 20 females) without ultrasonographic renal lesions were included in this study. The 95% confidence interval of mean KL/AoD was found to be narrower than the previously reported range (ie, 6.3-6.9 versus 5.5-9.1). This was considered to be especially notable in that the KL in this breed exhibits marked sexual dimorphism. The KL/AoD ratio did not differ between right versus left sides or male versus female sexes in Whippets (P > .05). Findings from the current study provided KL/AoD ratio normal reference range cut-off values for future use in Whippets and supported the use of breed-specific KL/AoD ratio values for characterizing abnormal renal size in other canine breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Costanza
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,IBB CNR, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Napoli (Italy), Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mennonna
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- IBB CNR, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Napoli (Italy), Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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11
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Nocera FP, Ambrosio M, Conte A, Di Palma T, Castaldo S, Pasolini MP, Fiorito F, De Martino L. Importance of broth-enrichment culture in equine endometritis diagnosis. New Microbiol 2021; 44:19-23. [PMID: 33582824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the standard microbiological protocol to assure the evaluation of bacterial endometritis in the equine clinical practice. Four hundred fifty-two equine uterine swabs were seeded on different types of agar plates and then in a broth-enrichment (Brain Heart Infusion Broth) before plating by using the same media the day after. The prevalence of positivity was 33.7% following direct plating and 66.3% following use of added enrichment-broth phase before seeding on solid media. Furthermore, the prevalence of isolated bacteria included E. coli (29.7%) and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (15.2%), both frequently associated with equine endometritis. Our results indicate that the addition enrichment-broth culture significantly increases the rate of positivity for the detection of bacteria in equine uterine swabs compared to the direct plating of samples alone. Thus, this diagnostic technique may be recommended to increase the sensitivity of bacteriological analysis in mares with endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via Delpino 1, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Ambrosio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via Delpino 1, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via Delpino 1, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via Delpino 1, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Via Delpino 1, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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12
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Meomartino L, Greco A, Mennonna G, Auletta L, Pasolini MP, Fatone G, Costanza D, Lamagna B, Valle GD, Lamagna F. Joint laxity in canine hip dysplasia assessed using the hip flexed not distracted ventrodorsal view. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:187-193. [PMID: 33260263 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ventrodorsal hip extended standard view is conventionally used for radiographic screening of canine hip dysplasia. However, because the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view minimises hip joint laxity, several alternative views have been proposed. Our aim was to evaluate a new ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted view to assess joint laxity, by comparing it with the ventrodorsal hip extended standard and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between April 2013 and March 2017, all dogs referred to the University of Naples "Federico II" for the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia were studied using the ventrodorsal hip extended standard, ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views. The Norberg angle and the laxity index were measured for each view. RESULTS Overall, 102 dogs, 67 males and 35 females, mean age 15 months, were included. The mean (±standard deviation) Norberg angles were 99.77° (±10.42°), 89.29° (±14.32°) and 91.80° (±13.50°) for the ventrodorsal hip extended standard, ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views, respectively. The mean (± standard deviation) laxity indices were 0.19 (± 0.14), 0.39 (± 0.25) and 0.36 (± 0.21), respectively. The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted views had lower Norberg angle and higher laxity index values compared with the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view. The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip extended standard views are in strong agreement for the measurement of both Norberg angle and laxity index, as confirmed by Bland-Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted views obtained with the hip in a neutral position reveal joint laxity better than the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view. Unlike the ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted view, the ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted view does not require human operators or special devices for positioning the dog. The wide age range of the dogs enrolled might have influenced the laxity index measurements, since capsular fibrosis in older dogs reduces laxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - G Mennonna
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - L Auletta
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging - IBB, National Research Council - CNR, Via T. De Amicis 95, Naples, 80145, Italy
| | - M P Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - G Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - D Costanza
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - B Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - G D Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - F Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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13
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Pasolini MP, Pezzella R, Santoro P, Cocchia N, Greco M, Del Prete C, Della Valle G, Auletta L. Correlation Between Serum Activity of Muscle Enzymes and Stage of the Estrous Cycle in Italian Standardbred Horses Susceptible to Exertional Rhabdomyolysis. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 92:103175. [PMID: 32797797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a well-recognized clinical syndrome affecting racehorses. Prevalence analysis of ER showed that female sex was a significant risk factor. The aim of this research was to evaluate the differences and correlations in the serum activity of muscle enzymes and the stage of the estrous cycle in ER-susceptible and control (C) mares. Serum muscle enzyme activity before and after exercise and sex hormones were analyzed in the two groups of mares. Ten cyclic ER and 10 cyclic C mares were examined weekly for 4 weeks. During diestrus, ER horses had significantly higher resting and postexercise aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, but not creatine kinase (CK) activity, compared with controls; only postexercise AST activity was significantly higher during estrus compared with activity levels in controls. During estrus, 17β-estradiol and AST activity were significantly negatively correlated in the control but not ER mares. Based on our results, further studies should be performed to characterize the presumptive different roles played by sexual hormones in horses susceptible to ER compared with healthy mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pezzella
- Department of Life Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Greco
- Freelance, Nantwich Equine Veterinary Practice, Nantwich, UK
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - IBB, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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14
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Pasolini MP, Spinella G, Del Prete C, Valentini S, Coluccia P, Auletta L, Greco M, Meomartino L. Ultrasonographic assessment of normal jugular veins in Standardbred horses. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:343. [PMID: 31619232 PMCID: PMC6794831 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasonography (US) is the recommended imaging technique to evaluate jugular veins. This prospective randomized clinical study was designed to collect a series of B-mode US measurements of manually distended jugular veins in healthy Italian Standardbreds and to find possible correlations between ultrasound measurements and animal morphometric characteristics. Forty-two horses, eight males and 34 females (range 3–22 years; bodyweight 494.4 ± 41.7 kg), were included in the study. The diameters and wall thicknesses of both jugular veins were measured at three different sites of the neck. The differences in ultrasound measurements based on scans, age, gender, side, and site of the neck were evaluated by ANOVA or by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The effects of the morphometric measures on each ultrasound parameter were evaluated by MANOVA (P < 0.05). Results The ultrasound measurements did not differ significantly between the three different sites or between genders; hence, they were pooled together in the results. On the transverse scan, the mean dorsoventral and lateromedial diameters were 1.58 ± 0.23 and 2.20 ± 0.25 cm, respectively; the mean superficial and deep wall thicknesses (SWT and DWT) were 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.08 ± 0.01 cm, respectively. On the longitudinal scan, the mean dorsoventral diameter was 1.59 ± 0.26 cm, and the SWT and DWT were both 0.08 ± 0.01 cm. Neck length, from the caudal edge of the mandible to the thoracic inlet, was related to the dorsoventral diameter in both longitudinal and transverse scan and to the SWT and DWT in transverse scan, whereas height at the withers (measured with tape) and estimated weight were related to the wall thickness. Dividing the subjects into groups by age in years (“young” 3–7, “mature” 8–14, “old” > 14), differences were found for the lateromedial diameter in the transverse scan and the SWT on the longitudinal scan. The main limitation of this study was that only one operator performed the measurements. Conclusion The US measurements of the jugular veins and their relationship with morphometric measures reported in this manuscript might be considered as guidelines both for early diagnosis and monitoring jugular vein abnormalities in healthy Italian Standardbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via a Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University Alma Mater of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via a Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University Alma Mater of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via a Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- IRCCS SDN, via E. Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Greco
- Clevedale Veterinary Practice, Home Farm, Redcar, UK
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Radiology Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Del Prete C, Stout T, Montagnaro S, Pagnini U, Uccello M, Florio P, Ciani F, Tafuri S, Palumbo V, Pasolini MP, Cocchia N, Henning H. Combined addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase improves quality of cooled stored stallion semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 210:106195. [PMID: 31635777 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During cold storage stallion spermatozoa experience undergo oxidative stress, which can impair sperm function and fertilizing capacity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are the main endogenous enzymatic antioxidants in stallion seminal plasma, and counteract reactive oxygen species. Semen dilution reduces the endogenous antioxidant concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether addition of 15 IU/mL each of SOD, CAT, and GPX to diluted stallion semen would ameliorate a reactive oxygen-mediated decrease in semen quality during 72 h of storage at 5 °C. Ejaculates (n = 7) were divided in two aliquots and diluted in INRA 96 without (control) or with addition of antioxidants. Semen analysis was performed at the time of dilution and every 24 h during chilled storage. Antioxidant supplementation completely inhibited the storage-dependent increase in activated caspase 3 (P < 0.05). Concomitantly, the antioxidant-supplemented samples had a greater percentage of viable, motile and rapidly moving sperm than control samples after 72 h storage (P < 0.05). The DNA damage, as evaluated by TUNEL assay and SCSA, increased with storage time (P < 0.05). Antioxidant supplementation did not prevent, but did significantly reduce the increase in DNA strand breakage. The results indicate part of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway leading to effector caspase activation was inhibited, although an activation of molecules with endonuclease activity still occurred. In conclusion, adding equal concentrations of SOD, CAT and GPX to a semen extender suppressed caspase-3 activation and improved preservation of stallion sperm motility and viability during 72 h of storage at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Tom Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Melania Uccello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Florio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Heiko Henning
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Amalfitano C, Pasolini MP, Nieddu A, Della Valle G, Fiorentin PG, Lamagna F, Lamagna B. The Effect of Periocular Fatty Acids and 0.15% Hyaluronate Eye Drops Application on Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Dogs: An Exploratory Study. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35:18-25. [PMID: 31122683 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the efficacy of a periophthalmic cream of a pool of fatty acids (FAG®) in association with 0.15% hyaluronate eye drops in alleviating the clinical symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in a case series of dogs. The study was conducted on 10 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic KCS. All dogs had been previously treated with topical tobramycin alone, which had been ineffective in improving clinical signs. The affected eyes were treated with 2 applications daily of a periophthalmic cream of FAG® and 1 drop 3 times a day of 0.15% of hyaluronate eye drops for 8 weeks. Schirmer tear test I (STT I) values were recorded and ocular signs (conjunctival hyperemia, ocular discharge, corneal opacity, vascularization and pigmentation, and discomfort level) were collected, scored on a 3-point scale (grade 0, grade 1, and grade 2). Differences between scores and STT data recorded at baseline and at 8 weeks of therapy were statistically analysed. The effect of treatment was pronounced (increase in STT values by more than 4 mm/min, no signs of inflammation) in 8/18 eyes; moderate (increase in STT values of 3-4 mm/min or mild improvement in signs of corneal/conjunctival inflammation) in 3/18 eyes; and unsatisfactory in 7 of 18 eyes. Median of STT values significantly improved compared with baseline levels, while statistically significant decreases in clinical-sign scores of conjunctival hyperemia, ocular discharge, and discomfort were recorded. However, in moderate and advanced stages, reduction of neovascularization or corneal pigmentation was not observed throughout the treatment period. No noticeable adverse reactions were recorded. Preliminary results indicate that the application of periocular FAG and topical 0.15% hyaluronate eye drops may be a suitable treatment for KCS in dogs in selected cases. A larger comparative study is necessary to further confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nieddu
- Medical Manager (Veterinary Division Aurora Biofarma), Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Manes M, Alberici A, Di Gregorio E, Boccone L, Premi E, Mitro N, Pasolini MP, Pani C, Paghera B, Orsi L, Costanzi C, Ferrero M, Tempia F, Caruso D, Padovani A, Brusco A, Borroni B. Long-term efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for Spinocerebellar Ataxia 38 (SCA38) treatment: An open label extension study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 63:191-194. [PMID: 30862453 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinocerebellar Ataxia 38 (SCA38) is caused by ELOVL5 gene mutation, with significant reduction of serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. DHA supplementation has been proven effective at short-term follow-up. In the present paper, we evaluated long-term safety and efficacy of 600 mg/day oral DHA in SCA38 by a 2-year open label extension study. METHODS Nine SCA38 patients underwent standardised clinical assessment at 62 (T1), 82 (T2) and 104 (T3) weeks, and compared to pre-treatment scores (T0). Brain 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and electroneurography were performed at T0 and T3. RESULTS We found a significant maintenance of clinical symptom improvement at each follow-up time-point (p < 0.001) as compared to T0, a sustained increase of cerebellar metabolism at T3 as compared to T0 (p = 0.013), and no worsening of neurophysiological parameters. No side effect was recorded. CONCLUSIONS Long-term DHA supplementation is an eligible treatment for SCA38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manes
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Premi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pani
- Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie, AOBrotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Paghera
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Orsi
- Neurologic Division 1 Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO) and Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessando Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Prete CD, Ciani F, Tafuri S, Pasolini MP, Valle GD, Palumbo V, Abbondante L, Calamo A, Barbato V, Gualtieri R, Talevi R, Cocchia N. Effect of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase supplementation in the extender on chilled semen of fertile and hypofertile dogs. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:667-675. [PMID: 29649854 PMCID: PMC6167334 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.5.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the correlation between oxidative stress status and key canine sperm parameters and the effect of addition of a superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) combination in egg yolk tris-citrate glucose (EYT-G) extender on semen during 10 days of storage at 4℃. Ten Boxer dogs were divided into two groups, fertile (F) and hypofertile (H), depending on pregnancy and live birth rate status in the previous year. Semen evaluation was performed on the day of collection (D0) and after 5 (D5) and 10 (D10) days of cooled storage. Sperm motility, kinetic parameters, and DNA integrity were assessed. A correlation between oxidative status and key semen parameters in both F and H groups was observed. Total and progressive motilities were significantly higher in the treated (SOD, CAT, and GPx addition) versus control groups at D10 in both F and H groups, and at D5 in the H group. DNA integrity was significantly higher in both treated groups (H and F) at D5 and D10. In conclusion, the addition of SOD, CAT, and GPx in the extender allows preservation of semen quality for up to 10 days of storage at 4℃ in both fertile and hypofertile dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Gualtieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Pasolini MP, De Biase D, Greco M, Napoleone G, Palumbo V, Coluccia P, Paciello O, Lamagna B. Impression Technique for Conjunctival Exfoliative Cytology in Healthy Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Manes M, Alberici A, Di Gregorio E, Boccone L, Premi E, Mitro N, Pasolini MP, Pani C, Paghera B, Perani D, Orsi L, Costanzi C, Ferrero M, Zoppo A, Tempia F, Caruso D, Grassi M, Padovani A, Brusco A, Borroni B. Docosahexaenoic acid is a beneficial replacement treatment for spinocerebellar ataxia 38. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:615-621. [PMID: 28976605 PMCID: PMC5698802 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Spinocerebellar ataxia 38 (SCA38) is caused by mutations in the ELOVL5 gene, which encodes an elongase involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). As a consequence, DHA is significantly reduced in the serum of SCA38 subjects. In the present study, we evaluated the safety of DHA supplementation, its efficacy for clinical symptoms, and changes of brain functional imaging in SCA38 patients. Methods We enrolled 10 SCA38 patients, and carried out a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study for 16 weeks, followed by an open‐label study with overall 40‐week DHA treatment. At baseline and at follow‐up visit, patients underwent standardized clinical assessment, brain 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, electroneurography, and ELOVL5 expression analysis. Results After 16 weeks, we showed a significant pre–post clinical improvement in the DHA group versus placebo, using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA; mean difference [MD] = +2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = +0.13 to + 5.27, p = 0.042). At 40‐week treatment, clinical improvement was found significant by both SARA (MD = +2.2, 95% CI = +0.93 to + 3.46, p = 0.008) and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (MD = +3.8, 95% CI = +1.39 to + 6.41, p = 0.02) scores; clinical data were corroborated by significant improvement of cerebellar hypometabolism (statistical parametric mapping analyses, false discovery rate corrected). We also showed a decreased expression of ELOVL5 in patients’ blood at 40 weeks as compared to baseline. No side effect was recorded. Interpretation DHA supplementation is a safe and effective treatment for SCA38, showing an improvement of clinical symptoms and cerebellar hypometabolism. Ann Neurol 2017;82:615–621
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manes
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Medical Genetics Unit, City of Health and Science, University Hospital, Turin.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | - Enrico Premi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan
| | | | - Claudia Pani
- Microcitemie Regional Hospital, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari
| | - Barbara Paghera
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Laura Orsi
- Neurologic Division 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University Hospital City of Health and Science of Turin, Turin
| | | | - Marta Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Adele Zoppo
- Endocrinological Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO) and Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Medical Genetics Unit, City of Health and Science, University Hospital, Turin.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
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Nocera FP, Papulino C, Del Prete C, Palumbo V, Pasolini MP, De Martino L. Endometritis associated with Enterococcus casseliflavus in a mare: A case report. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Central core disease is a nonprogressive or slowly progressive congenital myopathy with a variable degree of hypotonia and axial and proximal muscle weakness that is histologically characterized by areas devoid of oxidative enzyme activity, resulting from an absence or low numbers of mitochondria in these regions (central core). A 10-month-old, male, pony foal was examined because of stiff gait, marked contractures of the distal portion of the limbs, flexion deformities of the hooves, and moderate hypotonia that had been present from birth. The foal had increased creatine kinase (282 U/ liter; reference interval 10-135 U/liter), lactate dehydrogenase (1,188 U/liter; reference interval 150–450 U/liter), and aspartate transaminase (377 U/liter; reference interval <290 U/liter) activities, suggesting muscle disease. Muscle biopsy was performed. In cytochrome oxidase-, succinate dehydrogenase-, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase-reacted sections, the dominant morphologic feature was the absence of oxidative enzyme activity in the cores. By use of immunohistochemical technique with a monoclonal antibody against desmin, the cores were clearly delineated and a desmin network was present within the cores. Ultrastructurally, the core areas were characterized by preserved sarcomeres with irregular Z-lines, with some streaming or zigzag appearance and abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum profiles and T-tubules. Lack of mitochrondria within central cores was observed. Diagnosis of myopathy with central cores was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Paciello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II Via Delpino, 1 80137, Naples (Italy).
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23
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Pasolini MP, Della Valle G, Pagano TB, Miele F, Paciello O, Fatone G, Greco M. Mature teratoma arising from an undescended testis in a horse: comparison between ultrasonographic and morphological features. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2015; 75:211-215. [PMID: 26431049 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2015.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scant information is available on the ultrasonographic appearance of different testicular tumours in the stallion. Preoperative ultrasound imaging and gross and microscopic features of a testicular teratoma in a horse is described. An asymptomatic 4 years old cryptorchid Arabian horse was admitted for orchiectomy. Combined transabdominal and inguinal ultrasound examination revealed a large complex ovoid mass, containing both solid and cystic elements with internal echoes, located dorsally to the superficial inguinal ring. Two main hypoechoic cavities divided by a linear hyperechoic septum were evident, with a hyperechoic circular structure inside the lumen of the largest one. A tumour of the undescended testis was suspected. Ultrasound findings guided a provisional diagnosis of teratoma that was confirmed by histology following surgical removal of the tumour. Due to the correspondence between ultrasonographic and morphological features, trans-abdominal ultrasonography was conclusive in the preoperative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - O Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions - University of Napoli Federico II.
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Pasolini MP, Passamonti F, Uccello V, Fatone G, Greco M, Castaldo S, Auletta L. Using Cyanoacrylate Microbial Sealant for Skin Preparation Prior to the Placement of Intravenous Catheters in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pasolini MP, Lamagna B, Meomartino L, Mennonna G, Auletta L, Esposito L, Cuomo A. Acepromazine-dexmedetomidine-ketamine for injectable anaesthesia in captive European brown hares (Lepus europaeus). Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:610-4. [PMID: 23782674 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a combination of acepromazine, dexmedetomidine and ketamine (ADK) on induction and recovery from anaesthesia, and on physiological parameters in hares undergoing non-invasive procedures. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Sixteen European hares (Lepus europaeus), seven males and nine females, aged (mean ± SD) 3.25 ± 0.9 months and weight 2.1 ± 0.6 kg. METHODS Acepromazine 1% (A), dexmedetomidine 0.05% (D) and ketamine 5% (K) were mixed and given intramuscularly (IM) at 0.25 mL kg(-1), representing 10 mg kg(-1) K, 0.25 mg kg(-1) A, 12.5 μg kg(-1) D. If the righting reflex was present after four minutes, a second injection of 0.15 mL kg(-1) (6 mg kg(-1) K, 0.15 mg kg(-1) A, 7.5 μg kg(-1) D) was administered IM. Surgical anaesthesia was judged as present when righting, palpebral, ear-pinch and pedal withdrawal reflexes were absent. Anaesthetized hares were tagged, and underwent blood sampling and ocular ultrasound examination. Physiological parameters were recorded every ten minutes, and were compared by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS A single dose induced loss of righting reflex in 11/16 (69%) hares within four minutes; the second dose was effective in the remaining hares. Ten minutes after the loss of the righting reflex, a surgical plane of anaesthesia was present in all hares. Sleep time to regaining righting reflex was 34 ± 11 (range 21-62) minutes and recovery was calm. Although there were some statistical differences over time, cardiovascular parameters remained within an acceptable range but there was respiratory depression and hares were hypoxemic. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ADK mixture produced a smooth and rapid induction of anaesthesia, a low incidence of untoward side effects and full recovery after four hours. Supplementary oxygen might be advisable if a deeper plane of anaesthesia was required. Chemical restraint was adequate to perform non-invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Studies of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Cocchia N, Paciello O, Auletta L, Uccello V, Silvestro L, Mallardo K, Paraggio G, Pasolini MP. Comparison of the cytobrush, cottonswab, and low-volume uterine flush techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology for diagnosing endometritis in chronically infertile mares. Theriogenology 2012; 77:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marfe G, De Martino L, Tafani M, Irno-Consalvo M, Pasolini MP, Navas L, Papparella S, Gambacurta A, Paciello O. A multicancer-like syndrome in a dog characterized by p53 and cell cycle-checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) mutations and sirtuin gene (SIRT1) down-regulation. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:240-5. [PMID: 21890154 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have investigated SIRT1, p53 and cell cycle-checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) gene dysfunction in a dog with a multicancer syndrome-like in order to evaluate their potential role in the determinism of the disease and to establish a possible correlation between SIRT1 transcript level and p53 expression status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood sample and tumour samples from a pure breed English Setter dog with different tumours were used for this study. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed with a DNA autosequencer in order to examine p53 and CHK2 mutations. In addition, the expression level of SIRT1 was quantified by Southern Blot analysis of Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Cytological examination revealed five different tumours: a cutaneous sebaceous epithelioma, a cutaneous mast cell tumour, a testicular Sertoli cell tumour, an oral malignant melanoma, and a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of a nucleotide substitution, (CGG>CAG) exon 7 of the p53 gene in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as in the melanoma; whereas the other four cancers showed the loss of the wild-type allele. Furthermore, CHK2 mutation at codon 311 has been identified in the melanoma and sebaceous epithelioma. In addition, SIRT1 cDNA expression decreased in all tumour samples compared to cDNA SIRT1expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the same dog. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the germ line mutation of the p53 gene at codon 248 might be, at least, one cause of the multicancer syndrome-like in our dog; furthermore, we show a possible correlation between SIRT1 transcript level and p53 mutations status. The regulatory role of SIRT1 in tumour suppressor pathways suggests that the net effect seen may represent both direct and indirect downstream regulation and it is likely to depend on the presence or absence of functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marfe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Cocchia N, Pasolini MP, Mancini R, Petrazzuolo O, Cristofaro I, Rosapane I, Sica A, Tortora G, Lorizio R, Paraggio G, Mancini A. Effect of sod (superoxide dismutase) protein supplementation in semen extenders on motility, viability, acrosome status and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) protein phosphorylation of chilled stallion spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1201-10. [PMID: 21295831 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
New studies are underway to find new methods for supporting longer storage of cooled stallion semen. It is known that high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause sperm pathology. The metalloprotein superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for H(2)O(2) and O(2) production, by dismutation of superoxide radicals. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of chilled stallion semen processed with extenders containing SOD at different concentrations as antioxidant additives. A total of 80 ejaculates collected from 5 standardbred stallions was divided into 5 aliquots treated as: native semen (control 1); native semen diluted 1:3 with Kenney semen extender (control 2); spermatozoa diluted after centrifugation in extender without (control 3) or with SOD at 25 IU/ml (experimental 1) or 50 IU/ml (experimental 2). Each sample was analyzed for motility, viability and acrosome status, immediately after semen preparation and again after storage at 5 °C for 24 h, 48 h and 7 2h. Acrosome integrity was evaluated by Chlortetracycline (CTC) and Fluorescent-labeled peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA-FITC conjugated staining). A proteomic approach of quantifying extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) was also evaluated as an indirect indicator of oxidative stress. In all samples sperm progressive motility and sperm acrosomal integrity showed a significant reduction between fresh and cooled spermatozoa at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Quality parameters of sperm were significantly higher (Progressive Motility P < 0.01; Viability P < 0.001) in aliquots supplemented with SOD. ERK phosphorylation was statistically higher (P < 0.01) in aliquots without SOD. The Authors concluded that addition of SOD to semen extenders improves the quality of chilled equine semen and reduces ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Pasolini
- Unit of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Filosto M, Tentorio M, Broglio L, Buzio S, Lazzarini C, Pasolini MP, Cotelli MS, Scarpelli M, Mancuso M, Choub A, Padovani A. Disulfiram neuropathy: two cases of distal axonopathy. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008; 46:314-6. [PMID: 18363127 DOI: 10.1080/15563650701636390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfiram may cause a peripheral neuropathy that is considered dose- and duration-of-exposure-related. Axonal degeneration has been described as a pathological hallmark of disulfiram toxicity, but experiments have reported a primary toxic effect of the molecule on Schwann cells and myelin. CASE REPORTS Case 1: At the end of two months of treatment with disulfiram 250 mg/day, a 31-year-old woman complained of weakness in distal segments of the lower limbs associated with burning dysesthesias, numbness and pain in the soles of the feet and the legs below the knees; bilateral walking steppage, reduction in foot strength, absence of ankle jerk and knee tendon reflexes, and tactile stocking pin-pick and vibratory sensory impairment in the lower limbs below the knee. Disulfiram was discontinued and she recovered partially over three months. Case 2: After one month of treatment with disulfiram 1600 mg/day, a 27-year-old man reported walking impairment, distal lower limb weakness and paresthesias. He had unsteady gait with bilateral steppage and foot drop, absence of ankle jerks and overall sensation impairment below the knee. Disulfiram was discontinued and nine months later there was almost complete recovery of motor deficits, only minor motor weakness in distal leg muscles, and no dysesthesia, sensation deficits or areflexia. In both of them clinical and neurophysiological patterns were indicative of a distal axonopathy. DISCUSSION The mechanisms by which disulfiram cause injury in human nerves are unclear, though may involve carbon disulfide. The discrepancy between experimental and clinical observations is still unexplained. CONCLUSION We report two cases of disulfiram axonal toxicity and the partial response following discontinuation of the drug.
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Frontoso R, De Carlo E, Pasolini MP, van der Meulen K, Pagnini U, Iovane G, De Martino L. Retrospective study of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in equine uteri during fertility problems. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:1-6. [PMID: 17434193 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are a potential cause when a mare fails to conceive to a fertile stallion on a well-managed breeding farm on one or more cycles in the same season. Furthermore, emerging bacterial resistance to commonly used (topical) antibiotics has been demonstrated. In this study, a total of 586 uterine swabs from mares with fertility problems were evaluated and the bacterial isolates were identified and measured for resistance to 10 antibiotics most commonly used during bacterial equine infection. Forty-nine percent of the examined mares were positive at bacteriological investigations. Amongst 347 successful isolations, 31.7% were Streptococcus group C and 18.4% Escherichia (E.) coli, both considered frequently associated with fertility problems. Determination of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus group C (110 organisms) revealed that only the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was highly active with 82.7% of the isolates being inhibited. For E. coli, a major number of drugs displayed a high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Frontoso
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Infectious Disease Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Image quality and side effects were evaluated retrospectively in a series of 183 myelographic studies performed with two non-ionic contrast media (iohexol and iopamidol) at different concentrations. Side effects during and following the procedure were recorded. Image quality was assessed using an arbitrary scoring system and statistical analysis was performed with the cross-tabulation test (4 x 2 table) by comparing two groups receiving contrast medium at higher and lower concentrations. No significant differences in side effects were observed between the two groups but the ratings for image quality were significantly higher in the group receiving contrast medium at the higher concentration than in the group receiving the lower concentration. The results suggest that a high concentration of non-ionic contrast media can safely be used in dogs and may improve image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fatone
- Istituto di Clinica Chirurgica Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Anzola GP, Bevilacqua L, Cappa SF, Capra R, Faglia L, Farina E, Frisoni G, Mariani C, Pasolini MP, Vignolo LA. Neuropsychological assessment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and mild functional impairment: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53:142-5. [PMID: 2313301 PMCID: PMC487955 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.53.2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forty one moderately impaired patients with clinically confirmed multiple sclerosis (MS) and a relapsing-remitting course were submitted to a neuropsychological battery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to correlate the neuropsychological performances with the degree of cerebral demyelination. The neuropsychological results were indicative of a very mild overall impairment. The patients were subdivided into two groups (extensive periventricular demyelination or discrete lesions on MRI) and the results of neuropsychological tests compared. Patients with extensive periventricular demyelination had an inferior performance on concept formation, non-verbal reasoning and verbal memory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Anzola
- Clinica Neurologica dell'Università di Brescia, Italy
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Floriani M, Giulini SM, Anzola GP, Bonardelii S, Portolani N, Pasolini MP, Tiberio G. Predictive value of cervical bruit for the detection of obstructive lesions of the internal carotid artery. Data from 2000 patients. Ital J Neurol Sci 1989; 10:321-7. [PMID: 2670817 DOI: 10.1007/bf02333779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Between January 1982 and June 1985, 2000 patients with either symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency (1873) or asymptomatic cervical bruits (127) were studied at the Surgical Department of the University of Brescia (Italy). Of these, 441 presented a mono- or bilateral cervical bruit. The value of the bruit as indicator of an obstructive pathology of the extracranial carotid artery was evaluated in comparison with the findings of Doppler spectrum analysis. A stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery was present in 51% of the patients with a bruit (homolateral to the bruit in 91% of the cases) and in 9% of those without a bruit. Stenoses of a medium-high degree were those more often associated with the bruit. Both in patients with bruit and in those without bruit the age and the severity of the presenting symptoms significantly influenced the rate of association with lesions of the internal carotid artery was present in 51% of the patients with a bruit (homolateral to the bruit in 91% of the cases) and in 9% of those without a bruit. Stenoses of a medium-high degree were those more often associated with the bruit. Both in patients with bruit and in those without bruit the age and the severity of the presenting symptoms significantly influenced the rate of association with lesions of the internal carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Floriani
- Clinica Chirurgica dell'Università di Brescia
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