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Gowda V, Atherton M, Murugan A, Servais L, Sheehan J, Standing E, Manzur A, Scoto M, Baranello G, Munot P, McCullagh G, Willis T, Tirupathi S, Horrocks I, Dhawan A, Eyre M, Vanegas M, Fernandez-Garcia MA, Wolfe A, Pinches L, Illingworth M, Main M, Abbott L, Smith H, Milton E, D’Urso S, Vijayakumar K, Marco SS, Warner S, Reading E, Douglas I, Muntoni F, Ong M, Majumdar A, Hughes I, Jungbluth H, Wraige E. Efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec in children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1: real-world evidence from 6 infusion centres in the United Kingdom. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2024; 37:100817. [PMID: 38169987 PMCID: PMC10758961 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are needed, especially to overcome uncertainties around its use in older and heavier children. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of OA in patients with SMA type 1 in the UK, including patients ≥2 years old and weighing ≥13.5 kg. Methods This observational cohort study used data from patients with genetically confirmed SMA type 1 treated with OA between May 2021 and January 2023, at 6 infusion centres in the United Kingdom. Functional outcomes were assessed using age-appropriate functional scales. Safety analyses included review of liver function, platelet count, cardiac assessments, and steroid requirements. Findings Ninety-nine patients (45 SMA therapy-naïve) were treated with OA (median age at infusion: 10 [range, 0.6-89] months; median weight: 7.86 [range, 3.2-20.2] kg; duration of follow-up: 3-22 months). After OA infusion, mean ± SD change in CHOP-INTEND score was 11.0 ± 10.3 with increased score in 66/78 patients (84.6%); patients aged <6 months had a 13.9 points higher gain in CHOP-INTEND score than patients ≥2 years (95% CI, 6.8-21.0; P < 0.001). Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia (71/99 patients; 71.7%), asymptomatic troponin-I elevation (30/89 patients; 33.7%) and transaminitis (87/99 patients; 87.9%) were reported. No thrombotic microangiopathy was observed. Median steroid treatment duration was 97 (range, 28-548) days with dose doubled in 35/99 patients (35.4%). There were 22.5-fold increased odds of having a transaminase peak >100 U/L (95% CI, 2.3-223.7; P = 0.008) and 21.2-fold increased odds of steroid doubling, as per treatment protocol (95% CI, 2.2-209.2; P = 0.009) in patients weighing ≥13.5 kg versus <8.5 kg. Weight at infusion was positively correlated with steroid treatment duration (r = 0.43; P < 0.001). Worsening transaminitis, despite doubling of oral prednisolone, led to treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone in 5 children. Steroid-sparing immunosuppressants were used in 5 children to enable steroid weaning. Two deaths apparently unrelated to OA were reported. Interpretation OA led to functional improvements and was well tolerated with no persistent clinical complications, including in older and heavier patients. Funding Novartis Innovative Therapies AG provided a grant for independent medical writing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Gowda
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Atherton
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Murugan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jennie Sheehan
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Standing
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pinki Munot
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary McCullagh
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Willis
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Sandya Tirupathi
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Horrocks
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre and MowatLabs, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Eyre
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Vanegas
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Fernandez-Garcia
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Wolfe
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Pinches
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjorie Illingworth
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Main
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lianne Abbott
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Smith
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Milton
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D’Urso
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silvia Sanchez Marco
- Paediatric Neurology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead Warner
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Reading
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel Douglas
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Min Ong
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anirban Majumdar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Imelda Hughes
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), London, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Wraige
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Famili DT, Fernandez-Garcia MA, Vanegas M, Goldberg MF, Voermans N, Quinlivan R, Jungbluth H. Recurrent atraumatic compartment syndrome as a manifestation of genetic neuromuscular disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:866-872. [PMID: 37919205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Compartment syndrome (CS) is a medical emergency that occurs secondary to excessively high pressures within a confined fibro-osseous space, resulting in reduced perfusion and subsequent tissue injury. CS can be divided into acute forms, most commonly due to trauma and considered an orthopaedic emergency, and chronic forms, most commonly presenting in athletes with recurrent exercise-induced pain. Downstream pathophysiological mechanisms are complex but do share commonalities with mechanisms implicated in genetic neuromuscular disorders. Here we present 3 patients with recurrent CS in the context of a RYR1-related disorder (n = 1) and PYGM-related McArdle disease (n = 2), two of whom presented many years before the diagnosis of an underlying neuromuscular disorder was suspected. We also summarize the literature on previously published cases with CS in the context of a genetically confirmed neuromuscular disorder and outline how the calcium signalling alterations in RYR1-related disorders and the metabolic abnormalities in McArdle disease may feed into CS-causative mechanisms. These findings expand the phenotypical spectrum of RYR1-related disorders and McArdle disease; whilst most forms of recurrent CS will be sporadic, above and other genetic backgrounds ought to be considered in particular in patients where other suggestive clinical features are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis T Famili
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Vanegas
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicol Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Correa-Vela M, Carvalho J, Ferrero-Turrion J, Cazurro-Gutiérrez A, Vanegas M, Gonzalez V, Alvárez R, Marcé-Grau A, Moreno A, Macaya-Ruiz A, Pérez-Dueñas B. Early recognition of SGCE-myoclonus-dystonia in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:207-214. [PMID: 35723607 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate early dystonic features in children and adolescents with SGCE-myoclonus-dystonia. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, 49 patients (26 females and 23 males) with SGCE-myoclonus-dystonia (aged 15y 2mo, SD 12y) with childhood-onset (2y 10mo, SD 1y 10mo) dystonia were examined using a standardized video recorded protocol. Dystonia was rated using the Writer's Cramp and Gait Dystonia Rating Scales. Disability and impairment for handwriting and walking were also rated. RESULTS Dystonia was present at rest (n=1), posture (n=12), and during specific motor tasks (n=45) such as writing (n=35), walking (n=23), and running (n=20). Most children reported disability while performing these tasks. Early dystonic patterns were identified for writer's cramp and gait dystonia, the latter named the 'circular shaking leg', 'dragging leg', and 'hobby-horse gait' patterns. Sensory tricks were used by five and eight children to improve dystonia and myoclonus during writing and walking respectively. The rating scales accurately measured the severity of action dystonia and correlated with self-reported disability. INTERPRETATION Children with SGCE-myoclonus-dystonia show recognizable dystonic patterns and sensory tricks that may lead to an early diagnosis and timely therapeutic approach. Isolated writer's cramp is a key feature in childhood and should prompt SCGE analysis. The proposed action dystonia scales could be used to monitor disease course and response to treatment. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Most children with SGCE-myoclonus-dystonia got writer's cramp and had walking and running dystonia. Writer's cramp was a key feature and should prompt SGCE genetic investigation. 'Circular shaking leg', 'dragging leg', and 'hobby-horse gait' were recognized as early gait patterns. Children used sensory tricks to improve myoclonus and dystonia, suggesting common pathophysiological mechanisms. Action dystonia rating scales are valid tools to assess severity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correa-Vela
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pediatric.,Departament de Pediatria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joao Carvalho
- Pediatric Neurology, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança Torrado da Silva, Hospital Garcia de Orta. Almada, Portugal
| | | | | | - Maria Vanegas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pediatric.,Paediatric Department, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Ramiro Alvárez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pediatric
| | - Antonio Moreno
- Departament de Pediatria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya-Ruiz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pediatric.,Departament de Pediatria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pediatric.,Departament de Pediatria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Ocampo M, Aristizabal-Ramirez D, Rodriguez DM, Munoz M, Curtidor H, Vanegas M, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3166c protein-derived high-activity binding peptides in inhibiting invasion of human cell lines. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:235-42. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Curtidor H, Vanegas M, Alba MP, Patarroyo ME. Functional, immunological and three-dimensional analysis of chemically synthesised sporozoite peptides as components of a fully-effective antimalarial vaccine. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4470-502. [PMID: 22029724 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797287575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our ongoing search for a fully-effective vaccine against the Plasmodium falciparum parasite (causing the most lethal form of human malaria) has been focused on identifying and characterising proteins' amino acid sequences (high activity binding peptides or HABPs) involved in parasite invasion of red blood cells (RBC) by the merozoite and hepatocytes by the sporozoite. Many such merozoite HABPs have been recognised and molecularly and structurally characterised; however, native HABPs are immunologically silent since they do not induce any immune response or protection against P. falciparum malaria infection and they have to be structurally modified to allow them to fit perfectly into immune system molecules. A deeply structural analysis of these conserved merozoite HABPs and their modified analogues has led to rules or principles becoming recognised for constructing a logical and rational methodology for a minimal subunit-based, multi-epitope, multi-stage, chemically-synthesised vaccine. The same in-depth analysis of the most relevant sporozoite proteins involved in sporozoite cell-traversal and hepatocyte invasion as well as the hepatic stage is shown here. Specifically modifying these HABPs has resulted in a new set of potential pre-erythrocyte targets which are able to induce high, longlasting antibody titres in Aotus monkeys, against their corresponding recombinant proteins and the complete parasite native molecules. This review shows how these rules may be applied against the first stage of parasite invasion (i.e. the sporozoite) to mount the first line of defence against the malarial parasite, which may indeed be the most effective one. Our results strongly support including some of these modified sporozoite HABPs in combination with the previously-described modified merozoite HABPs for obtaining the aforementioned fully-protective, multiepitope, multi-stage, minimal subunit-based, chemically-synthesized, antimalarial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Curtidor
- Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Carrera 50 No 26-20, Bogota, Colombia
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Agudelo GM, Giraldo NA, Aguilar N, Barbosa J, Castaño E, Gamboa S, Martínez MI, Alzate S, Vanegas M, Restrepo B, Román J, Serna A, Hoyos M. [Incidence of nutritional support complications in critical patients: multicenter study]. NUTR HOSP 2012; 26:537-45. [PMID: 21892572 DOI: 10.1590/s0212-16112011000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritional support (NS) leads complications that must be detected and prompt treated. OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicenter, descriptive, prospective study in patients with NS in intensive care units. Studied variables included medical diagnosis, nutritional status, length of NS, path, type of formula and ten complications. RESULTS 419 patients evaluated, 380 received enteral nutrition (EN) and 39 parenteral nutrition (PN). The high gastric residue was the most incident complication in the ENS (24.2%), followed by diarrhea (14%) and withdrawal tube (6.6%). The high gastric residue and diarrhea were associated with the duration of the NS (p < 0.05). For the PNS the complication most incidents were hypophosphatemia (38.5%), followed by catheter sepsis (15.4%). The duration of the NS was associated with cholestasis, sepsis and hypophosphatemia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS complications of highest incidence were the high gastric residue for EN and hypophosphatemia for the PN; the withdrawal of the tube is a complication that claims further monitoring. The duration of the NS was the variable that showed greater association with the complications studied. Is a must to get consensus on complications definitions for comparisons establishment and best international standards target, furthermore propose protocols in order to decrease complications incidence of NS to fulfill the critical ill patient requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Agudelo
- Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Fernández de Larrea C, Giampietro F, Dinis J, Patarroyo M, Vanegas M, Reyes C, Araujo Z. Differential B-Cell responses are induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85A synthetic peptides in two populations from Venezuela. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Llano M, Vanegas M, Hutchins N, Thompson D, Delgado S, Poeschla EM. Identification and characterization of the chromatin-binding domains of the HIV-1 integrase interactor LEDGF/p75. J Mol Biol 2006; 360:760-73. [PMID: 16793062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of the transcriptional co-activator LEDGF/p75 by RNA interference alters the genome-wide pattern of HIV-1 integration, reducing integration into active genes, reducing integration into LEDGF/p75-regulated genes, and increasing integration into G+C-rich sequences. LEDGF/p75 is also able to act as a molecular tether linking HIV-1 integrase protein to chromatin, a phenomenon likely to underlie the integration site distribution effects. The LEDGF/p75 integrase-binding domain has been established but the domain or domains responsible for the chromatin-binding component of tethering are unknown. Here, we identify and characterize these domains. Complementary methods were used to assess condensed and uncondensed chromatin, and to determine the stringency of chromatin binding. Immuno-localization analyses revealed that an N-terminal PWWP domain and its beta-barrel substructure are needed for binding to metaphase chromatin. However, the PWWP domain is insufficient to transfer metaphase chromatin binding to green fluorescent protein, which requires addition of a downstream charged region (CR1). Biochemical analysis showed that full-length LEDGF/p75 resists Triton X-100 extraction from chromatin. To transfer Triton-resistant chromatin binding to green fluorescent protein, PWWP-CR1 is necessary but not sufficient. Further inclusion of a tandem pair of AT-hooks in combination with at least one of two identified downstream charged regions (CR2 or CR3) is needed. Deletion of just the PWWP or the AT-hook domain from full-length LEDGF/p75 reduced Triton-resistant chromatin binding, while deletion of both elements abolished it, underscoring their dominant and cooperative role. The results establish a molecular mechanism for LEDGF/p75-mediated tethering of HIV-1 integrase to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Llano
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Vanegas M, Llano M, Delgado S, Thompson D, Peretz M, Poeschla E. Identification of the LEDGF/p75 HIV-1 integrase-interaction domain and NLS reveals NLS-independent chromatin tethering. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:1733-43. [PMID: 15797927 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the basis for the LEDGF/p75 dependence of HIV-1 integrase (IN) nuclear localization and chromatin association, we used cell lines made stably deficient in endogenous LEDGF/p75 by RNAi to analyze determinants of its location in cells and its ability to interact with IN. Deletion of C-terminal LEDGF/p75 residues 340-417 preserved nuclear and chromatin localization but abolished the interaction with IN and the tethering of IN to chromatin. Transfer of this IN-binding domain (IBD) was sufficient to confer HIV-1 IN interaction to GFP. HRP-2, the only other human protein with an identifiable IBD domain, was found to translocate IN to the nucleus of LEDGF/p75(-) cells. However, in contrast to LEDGF/p75, HRP-2 is not chromatin bound and does not tether IN to chromatin. A single classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the LEDGF/p75 N-terminal region ((146)RRGRKRKAEKQ(156)) was found by deletion mapping and was shown to be transferable to pyruvate kinase. Four central basic residues in the NLS are critical for its activity. Strikingly, however, stable expression studies with NLS(+/-) and IBD(+/-) mutants revealed that the NLS, although responsible for LEDGF/p75 nuclear import, is dispensable for stable, constitutive nuclear association of LEDGF/p75 and IN. Both wild-type LEDGF/p75 and NLS-mutant LEDGF/p75 remain entirely chromatin associated throughout the cell cycle, and each tethers IN to chromatin. Thus, these experiments reveal stable nuclear sequestration of a transcriptional regulator by chromatin during the nuclear-cytosolic mixing of cell division, which additionally enables stable tethering of IN to chromatin. LEDGF/p75 is a multidomain adaptor protein that interacts with the nuclear import apparatus, lentiviral IN proteins and chromatin by means of an NLS, an IBD and additional chromatin-interacting domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vanegas
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 acts as a chromatin tethering factor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase protein, determining its nuclear localization and its tight association with nuclear DNA. Here we identify a second function for the LEDGF/p75-integrase interaction. We observed that stable introduction of HIV-1 integrase (IN) transcription units into cells made stringently LEDGF/p75-deficient by RNAi resulted in much lower steady state levels of IN protein than introduction into LEDGF/p75 wild type cells. The same LEDGF/p75-dependent disparity was observed for feline immunodeficiency virus IN. However, IN mRNA levels were equivalent in the presence and absence of LEDGF/p75. A post-translational mechanism was confirmed when the half-life of HIV-1 IN protein was found to be much shorter in LEDGF/p75-deficient cells. Proteasome inhibition fully countered this extreme instability, increasing IN protein levels to those seen in LEDGF/p75 wild type cells and implicating proteasomal destruction as the main cause of IN instability. Consistent with these data, increased ubiquitinated HIV-1 IN was found in the LEDGF/p75 knock-down cells. Moreover, restoration of LEDGF/p75 to knocked down clones rescued HIV-1 IN stability. Subcellular fractionation showed that HIV-1 IN is exclusively cytoplasmic in LEDGF/p75-deficient cells, but mainly nuclear in LEDGF/p75 wild type cells, and that cytoplasmic HIV-1 IN has a shorter half-life than nuclear HIV-1 IN. However, using LEDGF proteins defective for nuclear localization and IN interaction, we further determined that protection of HIV-1 IN from the proteasome requires neither chromatin tethering nor nuclear residence. Protection requires only interaction with LEDGF/p75, and it is independent of the subcellular localization of the IN-LEDGF complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Llano
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Llano M, Vanegas M, Fregoso O, Saenz D, Chung S, Peretz M, Poeschla EM. LEDGF/p75 determines cellular trafficking of diverse lentiviral but not murine oncoretroviral integrase proteins and is a component of functional lentiviral preintegration complexes. J Virol 2004; 78:9524-37. [PMID: 15308744 PMCID: PMC506940 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.17.9524-9537.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) integrases were stably expressed to determine their intracellular trafficking. Each lentiviral integrase localized to cell nuclei in close association with chromatin while the murine oncoretroviral integrase was cytoplasmic. Fusions of pyruvate kinase to the lentiviral integrases did not reveal transferable nuclear localization signals. The intracellular trafficking of each was determined instead by the transcriptional coactivator LEDGF/p75, which was required for nuclear localization. Stable small interfering RNA expression eliminated detectable LEDGF/p75 expression and caused dramatic, stable redistribution of each lentiviral integrase from nucleus to cytoplasm while the distribution of MoMLV integrase was unaffected. In addition, endogenous LEDGF/p75 coimmunoprecipitated specifically with each lentiviral integrase. In vitro integration assays with preintegration complexes (PICs) showed that endogenous LEDGF/p75 is a component of functional HIV-1 and FIV PICs. However, HIV-1 and FIV infection and replication in LEDGF/p75-deficient cells was equivalent to that in control cells, whether cells were dividing or growth arrested. Two-long terminal repeat circle accumulation in nondividing cell nuclei was also equivalent to that of LEDGF/p75 wild-type cells. Virions produced in LEDGF/p75-deficient cells had normal infectivity. We conclude that LEDGF/p75 fully accounts for cellular trafficking of diverse lentiviral, but not oncoretroviral, integrases and is the main lentiviral integrase-to-chromatin tethering factor. While lentiviral PIC nuclear import is unaffected by LEDGF/p75 knockdown, this protein is a component of functional lentiviral PICs. A role in HIV-1 integration site distribution merits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Llano
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Vlahakis SR, Villasis-Keever A, Gomez T, Vanegas M, Vlahakis N, Paya CV. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors induce both survival and apoptotic signaling pathways. J Immunol 2002; 169:5546-54. [PMID: 12421931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are essential for triggering chemotaxis to immune cells; however, a number of them can also mediate death when engaged by nonchemokine ligands. When the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is engaged by stromal cell-derived factor (SDF1)alpha, it triggers cells to chemotax, and in some cell types such as neurons, causes cell death. To elucidate this dual and opposing receptor function, we have investigated whether CXCR4 activation by its chemokine SDF1alpha could lead to the simultaneous activation of both anti- and proapoptotic signaling pathways; the balance ultimately influencing cell survival. CXCR4 activation in CD4 T cells by SDF1alpha led to the activation of the prosurvival second messengers, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. Selective inhibition of each signal demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase is essential for mediating SDF1alpha-triggered chemotaxis but does not confer an antiapoptotic state. In contrast, Akt activation through CXCR4 by SDF1alpha interactions is necessary to confer resistance to apoptosis. The proapoptotic signaling pathway triggered by SDF1alpha-CXCR4 interaction involves the G(ialpha) protein-independent activation of the proapoptotic MAPK (p38). Furthermore, other chemokines and chemokine receptors also signal chemotaxis and proapoptotic effects via similar pathways. Thus, G(ialpha) protein-coupled chemokine receptors can function as death prone receptors and the balance between the above signaling pathways will ultimately mandate the fate of the activated cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey R Vlahakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen source in women with hirsutism and signs of virilism may be the ovary or adrenal gland. CASES Three patients with androgen excess are reported. Two had hyperandrogenemia and Cushing syndrome with an adrenal mass greater than 5.5 cm; the third had a small adrenal adenoma secreting only testosterone and responsive to human chorionic gonadotropin. In all cases, the pathologic report from surgery and the long-term resolution of symptoms confirmed the benign nature of the tumors. CONCLUSION Basal and dynamic hormonal tests cannot precisely differentiate ovarian from adrenal tumors. Adrenal adenomas must be considered as a cause of hyperandrogenic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Danilowicz
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a major protein constituent of caveolae, a type of plasma membrane raft. We observed that coexpression of human Cav-1 with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) blocked virion production from cells that are ordinarily highly permissive. Further investigation showed that this effect is specific, occurs at low ratios of Cav-1 to HIV-1 DNA, depends on expression of Cav-1 protein, and involves severely impaired expression of HIV-1 proteins. Cav-1 also blocked HIV-2 expression. In contrast, Cav-1 did not inhibit protein expression by a paramyxovirus and did not induce apoptosis or affect cellular morphology, cell viability, or cell cycle progression. Although only small amounts of HIV-1 virions were released from Cav-1-transfected cells, these were fully infectious. Deletion mutagenesis showed that the C-terminal 78 residues were as active as the full-length (178-amino-acid) protein in producing the block. In contrast, the 100 most N-terminal amino acids of Cav-1, which include the previously identified oligomerization and scaffolding domains, were shown to be dispensable. Study of single-amino-acid-exchange mutants of Cav-1 established that palmitoylation was not required. Additional deletion mutants then identified the hydrophobic, membrane-associated domain (residues 101 to 135) as the main determinant. Cellular distribution of wild-type and mutant proteins correlated with ability to block HIV-1 expression. Finally, Cav-2 also blocked HIV-1 expression. These data show that coexpression of caveolins can markedly inhibit expression of HIV proviral DNA and establish that the inhibition is mediated by the hydrophobic, membrane-associated domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Llano
- Molecular Medicine Program and Departments of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Escobar E, Segura C, Vanegas M, Patarroyo ME, Orduz S. Proteolytic processing of the Cyt1Ab1 toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:693-700. [PMID: 10998218 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis produces d-endotoxins that require proteolytic processing to become active. The activation of the B. thuringiensis subsp. medellin 28 kDa (Cyt1Ab1) cytolytic toxin by trypsin, chymotrypsin and gut extract from Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was analyzed. The Cyt1Ab1 toxin of B. thuringiensis subsp. medellin was processed by all proteases tested to fragments between 23 and 25 kDa, while processing of the Cyt1Aa1 toxin produce fragments between 22.5 and 24.5 kDa. The Cyt1Ab1 toxin was preferentially processed at the alkaline pH of 12. The in vitro proteolytic processing of the Cyt1Ab1 toxin by C. quinquefasciatus larvae midgut extract showed a 25 kDa fragment; a similar result was observed when the activation was performed in the in vivo experiments. The solubilized Cyt1Ab1 toxin and the protease resistant cores generated by in vitro processing showed hemolytic activity but not mosquitocidal activity. Amino terminal sequence of the C. quinquefasciatus gut extract resistant fragment indicated that the cutting site was located between Lys31 and Asp32, with a sequence DDPNEKNNHNS; while for the trypsin-resistant fragment the cutting site was determined between Leu29 and Arg30, and for the chymotrypsin-resistant fragment between Arg30 and Lys31.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Escobar
- Unidad de Biotecnología y Control Biológico, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
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Puentes A, Garcia J, Vera R, Lopez QR, Urquiza M, Vanegas M, Salazar LM, Patarroyo ME. Serine repeat antigen peptides which bind specifically to red blood cells. Parasitol Int 2000; 49:105-17. [PMID: 10882900 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(00)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that serine repeat antigen (SERA) binds directly to human erythrocyte membranes, inside-out vesicles and intact mouse erythrocytes. Similarly, mAbs specific against SERA are effective in blocking red blood cell (RBC) invasion by P. falciparum merozoites. Furthermore, the N-terminal recombinant SERA fragment inhibits the merozoite invasion of erythrocyte. In this study of 49 non-overlapping 20-residue-long peptides encompassing the whole SERA protein FCR3 strain, seven peptides having high RBC binding activity were found. Six of these peptides (three from the SERA N-terminal domain) are located in conserved regions and show affinity constants between 150 and 1100 nM, Hill coefficients between 1.5 and 3.0 and 30000-120000 binding sites per cell. Some of these peptides inhibited in vitro merozoite invasion of erythrocyte and intra-erythrocytic development. Residues which are critical in the binding to erythrocytes (in bold face), i.e. 6725 (YLKETNNAISFESNSGSLEKK), 6733 (YALGSDIPEKCDTLASNCFLS), 6737 (YDNILVKMFKTNENNDKSELI), 6746 (DQGNCDTSWIFASKYHLETI), 6754 (YKKVQNLCGDDTADHAVNIVG) and 6762 (NEVSERVHVYHILKHIKDGK), were determined by means of competition assays with high-binding peptide glycine analogues. The identification of peptides which bind to erythrocyte membrane is important in understanding the process of RBC invasion by P. falciparum merozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puentes
- Instituto de Inmunologia, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Avenida 1a No 10-01, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia.
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Bollack C, Levin G, Neidhardt J, Vetter JM, Vanegas M. [Stage I prostatic cancer. Our therapeutic attitude]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1977; 83:99-103. [PMID: 875132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bollack C, Oliveux A, Methlin G, Vanegas M. [Our experience with bone scanning using technetium pyrophosphates in the evaluation of prostatic cancer extension]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1976; 82:885-93. [PMID: 187806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bollack C, Levin G, Duffour A, Moritz A, Vanegas M, Pautasso O. [Incidents and accidents of ureteral lithiasis. Apropos of 395 observations]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1975; 81:82-8. [PMID: 1185844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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