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Margenat M, Betancour G, Irving V, Costábile A, García-Cedrés T, Portela MM, Carrión F, Herrera FE, Villarino A. Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtpA interaction and activity on the alpha subunit of human mitochondrial trifunctional protein, a key enzyme of lipid metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1095060. [PMID: 37424790 PMCID: PMC10325834 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1095060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, the virulence factor PtpA belonging to the protein tyrosine phosphatase family is delivered into the cytosol of the macrophage. PtpA interacts with numerous eukaryotic proteins modulating phagosome maturation, innate immune response, apoptosis, and potentially host-lipid metabolism, as previously reported by our group. In vitro, the human trifunctional protein enzyme (hTFP) is a bona fide PtpA substrate, a key enzyme of mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, containing two alpha and two beta subunits arranged in a tetramer structure. Interestingly, it has been described that the alpha subunit of hTFP (ECHA, hTFPα) is no longer detected in mitochondria during macrophage infection with the virulent Mtb H37Rv. To better understand if PtpA could be the bacterial factor responsible for this effect, in the present work, we studied in-depth the PtpA activity and interaction with hTFPα. With this aim, we performed docking and in vitro dephosphorylation assays defining the P-Tyr-271 as the potential target of mycobacterial PtpA, a residue located in the helix-10 of hTFPα, previously described as relevant for its mitochondrial membrane localization and activity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tyr-271 is absent in TFPα of bacteria and is present in more complex eukaryotic organisms. These results suggest that this residue is a specific PtpA target, and its phosphorylation state is a way of regulating its subcellular localization. We also showed that phosphorylation of Tyr-271 can be catalyzed by Jak kinase. In addition, we found by molecular dynamics that PtpA and hTFPα form a stable protein complex through the PtpA active site, and we determined the dissociation equilibrium constant. Finally, a detailed study of PtpA interaction with ubiquitin, a reported PtpA activator, showed that additional factors are required to explain a ubiquitin-mediated activation of PtpA. Altogether, our results provide further evidence supporting that PtpA could be the bacterial factor that dephosphorylates hTFPα during infection, potentially affecting its mitochondrial localization or β-oxidation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Margenat
- Instituto de Biología, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Betancour
- Instituto de Biología, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vivian Irving
- Instituto de Biología, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Costábile
- Instituto de Biología, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tania García-Cedrés
- Instituto de Biología, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Magdalena Portela
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federico Carrión
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando E. Herrera
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral – CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Villarino
- Instituto de Biología, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Fló M, Margenat M, Pellizza L, Graña M, Durán R, Báez A, Salceda E, Soto E, Alvarez B, Fernández C. Functional diversity of secreted cestode Kunitz proteins: Inhibition of serine peptidases and blockade of cation channels. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006169. [PMID: 28192542 PMCID: PMC5325619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a multigene family of monodomain Kunitz proteins from Echinococcus granulosus (EgKU-1-EgKU-8), and provided evidence that some EgKUs are secreted by larval worms to the host interface. In addition, functional studies and homology modeling suggested that, similar to monodomain Kunitz families present in animal venoms, the E. granulosus family could include peptidase inhibitors as well as channel blockers. Using enzyme kinetics and whole-cell patch-clamp, we now demonstrate that the EgKUs are indeed functionally diverse. In fact, most of them behaved as high affinity inhibitors of either chymotrypsin (EgKU-2-EgKU-3) or trypsin (EgKU-5-EgKU-8). In contrast, the close paralogs EgKU-1 and EgKU-4 blocked voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv); and also pH-dependent sodium channels (ASICs), while showing null (EgKU-1) or marginal (EgKU-4) peptidase inhibitory activity. We also confirmed the presence of EgKUs in secretions from other parasite stages, notably from adult worms and metacestodes. Interestingly, data from genome projects reveal that at least eight additional monodomain Kunitz proteins are encoded in the genome; that particular EgKUs are up-regulated in various stages; and that analogous Kunitz families exist in other medically important cestodes, but not in trematodes. Members of this expanded family of secreted cestode proteins thus have the potential to block, through high affinity interactions, the function of host counterparts (either peptidases or cation channels) and contribute to the establishment and persistence of infection. From a more general perspective, our results confirm that multigene families of Kunitz inhibitors from parasite secretions and animal venoms display a similar functional diversity and thus, that host-parasite co-evolution may also drive the emergence of a new function associated with the Kunitz scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Fló
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Margenat
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Pellizza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Graña
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Báez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Emilio Salceda
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Enrique Soto
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
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Salinas G, Pellizza L, Margenat M, Fló M, Fernández C. Tuned Escherichia coli as a host for the expression of disulfide-rich proteins. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:686-99. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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