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Shewry PR, Hassall KL, Grausgruber H, Andersson AAM, Lampi A, Piironen V, Rakszegi M, Ward JL, Lovegrove A. Do modern types of wheat have lower quality for human health? NUTR BULL 2020; 45:362-373. [PMID: 33380903 PMCID: PMC7756780 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the major staple food in Western Europe and an important source of energy, protein, dietary fibre, minerals, B vitamins and phytochemicals. Plant breeders have been immensely successful in increasing yields to feed the growing global population. However, concerns have been expressed that the focus on increasing yield and processing quality has resulted in reduced contents of components that contribute to human health and increases in adverse reactions. We review the evidence for this, based largely on studies in our own laboratories of sets of wheats bred and grown between the 18th century and modern times. With the exception of decreased contents of mineral micronutrients, there is no clear evidence that intensive breeding has resulted in decreases in beneficial components or increases in proteins which trigger adverse responses. In fact, a recent study of historic and modern wheats from the UK showed increases in the contents of dietary fibre components and a decreased content of asparagine in white flour, indicating increased benefits for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Shewry
- Plant Science DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - K. L. Hassall
- Computational and Analytical Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - H. Grausgruber
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaTulln an der DonauAustria
| | - A. A. M Andersson
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - A.‐M. Lampi
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - V. Piironen
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - M. Rakszegi
- Agricultural InstituteCentre for Agricultural ResearchMartonvásárHungary
| | - J. L. Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - A. Lovegrove
- Plant Science DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
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Ward J, Rakszegi M, Bedő Z, Shewry PR, Mackay I. Differentially penalized regression to predict agronomic traits from metabolites and markers in wheat. BMC Genet 2015; 16:19. [PMID: 25879431 PMCID: PMC4348103 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic prediction of agronomic traits as targets for selection in plant breeding programmes is increasingly common. The methods employed can also be applied to predict traits from other sources of covariates, such as metabolomics. However, prediction combining sets of covariates can be less accurate than using the best of the individual sets. Results We describe a method, termed Differentially Penalized Regression (DiPR), which uses standard ridge regression software to combine sets of covariates while applying independent penalties to each. In a dataset of wheat varieties, field traits are better predicted, on average, by seed metabolites than by genetic markers, but DiPR using both sets of predictors is best. Conclusion DiPR is a simple and accessible method of using existing software to combine multiple sets of covariates in trait prediction when there are more predictors than observations and the contribution to accuracy from each set differs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ward
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Mariann Rakszegi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 19. 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Bedő
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 19. 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Ian Mackay
- John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
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Pirgozliev V, Rose SP, Pellny T, Amerah AM, Wickramasinghe M, Ulker M, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Shewry PR, Lovegrove A. Energy utilization and growth performance of chickens fed novel wheat inbred lines selected for different pentosan levels with and without xylanase supplementation. Poult Sci 2015; 94:232-9. [PMID: 25595480 PMCID: PMC4988544 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different F5 recombinant inbred lines from the cross Yumai 34×Ukrainka were grown in replicated trials on a single site in one harvest year at Rothamsted Research. A total of 10 samples from those lines were harvested and used in a broiler experiment. Twenty nutritionally complete meal-form diets that had 630 g/kg of wheat with different amounts of pentosan, with and without exogenous xylanase supplementation, were used to compare broiler growth performance and determine apparent metabolizable energy corrected for N retention (AMEn). We examined the relationship between the nutritive value of the wheat samples and their chemical compositions and results of quality tests. The amounts of total and water soluble pentosans in wheat samples ranged from 36.7 to 48.0 g/kg DM, and 6.7 to 11.6 g/kg DM, respectively. The mean crude oil and protein contents of the wheat samples were 10.5 and 143.9 g/kg DM, respectively. The average determined value for the kinematic viscosity was 0.0018 mPa.s, and 2.1 mPa.s for the dynamic viscosity. The AMEn of the wheat-based diets had a maximum range of 0.47 MJ/kg DM within the ten wheat samples that were tested. Xylanase supplementation improved (P<0.05) dietary AMEn, dry matter, and fat digestibility coefficients. There was a positive (P<0.05) relationship between in vitro kinematic viscosity of the wheat samples and the total pentosan content. There was a negative relationship between the total pentosan content in the wheat and broiler growth performance. An increase by 10 g of pentosan per kg of wheat reduced (P<0.001) daily feed intake and weight gain by 2.9 g and 3.5 g, respectively. The study shows that the feeding quality of wheat samples can be predicted by their total pentosan content. Supplementary xylanase improved energy and nutrient availability of all wheat samples that was independent of differences in pentosan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pirgozliev
- NIPH, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - S P Rose
- NIPH, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - T Pellny
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - A M Amerah
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, Wiltshire, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - M Wickramasinghe
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - M Ulker
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - M Rakszegi
- Centre for Agricultural Research, MTA, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Z Bedo
- Centre for Agricultural Research, MTA, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - P R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - A Lovegrove
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
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Shewry PR, Hawkesford MJ, Piironen V, Lampi AM, Gebruers K, Boros D, Andersson AAM, Åman P, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Ward JL. Natural variation in grain composition of wheat and related cereals. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:8295-303. [PMID: 23414336 DOI: 10.1021/jf3054092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The wheat grain comprises three groups of major components, starch, protein, and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and a range of minor components that may confer benefits to human health. Detailed analyses of dietary fiber and other bioactive components were carried out under the EU FP6 HEALTHGRAIN program on 150 bread wheat lines grown on a single site, 50 lines of other wheat species and other cereals grown on the same site, and 23-26 bread wheat lines grown in six environments. Principal component analysis allowed the 150 bread wheat lines to be classified on the basis of differences in their contents of bioactive components and wheat species (bread, durum, spelt, emmer, and einkorn wheats) to be clearly separated from related cereals (barley, rye, and oats). Such multivariate analyses could be used to define substantial equivalence when novel (including transgenic) cereals are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Haraszi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (present address), formerly CSIRO Plant Industry, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Angela Juhász
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Mike Sissons
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Mariann Rakszegi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tamás
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Robert S. Anderssen
- CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, North Road, ANU Campus, Acton ACT, P.O. Box 664, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Corresponding author. Phone: +61 2 6216 7260. Fax: +61 2 6216 7111. E-mail:
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Shewry PR, Van Schaik F, Ravel C, Charmet G, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Ward JL. Genotype and environment effects on the contents of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 in wheat grain. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10564-71. [PMID: 21863876 DOI: 10.1021/jf202762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The total contents of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (B2), and pyridoxine (B6) and the bioavailable forms of niacin (B3) were determined on wholemeal flours of 24 winter wheat varieties grown on four sites (United Kingdom, Poland, France, and Hungary) in 2007 and of two spring varieties grown on the same sites with the exception of Poland. The contents of vitamins B1 (5.53-13.55 μg/g dw), B2 (0.77-1.40 μg/g dw), and B6 (1.27-2.97 μg/g dw) were within the ranges reported previously, while the content of bioavailable vitamin B3 (0.16-1.74 μg/g dw) was about 10-15% of the total contents of vitamin B3 reported in previous studies. Strong correlations were observed between the contents of vitamins B1, B3, and B6, and partitioning of the variance in the contents of these three B vitamins showed that between 48 and 70% was accounted for by the environment. By contrast, the content of vitamin B2 was not correlated with the contents of other B vitamins, and 73% of the variance was ascribed to the error term, which suggests that this trait may be influenced by genotype × environment interactions. Whereas the contents of vitamins B1, B3, and B6 were correlated positively with the mean temperature from heading to harvest (r > 0.8), the content of vitamin B2 was positively correlated with precipitation during the 3 months prior to heading. These results are discussed in relation to the development of new wheat varieties with enhanced health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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Cseh A, Kruppa K, Molnár I, Rakszegi M, Doležel J, Molnár-Láng M. Characterization of a new 4BS.7HL wheat–barley translocation line using GISH, FISH, and SSR markers and its effect on the β-glucan content of wheat. Genome 2011; 54:795-804. [DOI: 10.1139/g11-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A spontaneous interspecific Robertsonian translocation was revealed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in the progenies of a monosomic 7H addition line originating from a new wheat ‘Asakaze komugi’ × barley ‘Manas’ hybrid. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA sequences (Afa family, pSc119.2, and pTa71) allowed identification of all wheat chromosomes, including wheat chromosome arm 4BS involved in the translocation. FISH using barley telomere- and centromere-specific repetitive DNA probes (HvT01 and (AGGGAG)n) confirmed that one of the arms of barley chromosome 7H was involved in the translocation. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific to the long (L) and short (S) arms of barley chromosome 7H identified the translocated chromosome segment as 7HL. Further analysis of the translocation chromosome clarified the physical position of genetically mapped SSRs within 7H, with a special focus on its centromeric region. The presence of the HvCslF6 gene, responsible for (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan production, was revealed in the centromeric region of 7HL. An increased (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan level was also detected in the translocation line, demonstrating that the HvCslF6 gene is of potential relevance for the manipulation of wheat (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cseh
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Martonvásár, PO Box 19, Hungary
| | - K. Kruppa
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Martonvásár, PO Box 19, Hungary
| | - I. Molnár
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Martonvásár, PO Box 19, Hungary
| | - M. Rakszegi
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Martonvásár, PO Box 19, Hungary
| | - J. Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Sokolovská 6, Olomouc, CZ-77200, Czech Republic
| | - M. Molnár-Láng
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Martonvásár, PO Box 19, Hungary
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Fábián A, Jäger K, Rakszegi M, Barnabás B. Embryo and endosperm development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels subjected to drought stress. Plant Cell Rep 2011; 30:551-63. [PMID: 21246199 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to reveal the histological alterations triggered in developing wheat kernels by soil drought stress during early seed development resulting in yield losses at harvest. For this purpose, observations were made on the effect of drought stress, applied in a controlled environment from the 5th to the 9th day after pollination, on the kernel morphology, starch content and grain yield of the drought-sensitive Cappelle Desprez and drought-tolerant Plainsman V winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. As a consequence of water withdrawal, there was a decrease in the size of the embryos and the number of A-type starch granules deposited in the endosperm, while the development of aleurone cells and the degradation of the cell layers surrounding the ovule were significantly accelerated in both genotypes. In addition, the number of B-type starch granules per cell was significantly reduced. Drought stress affected the rate of grain filling shortened the grain-filling and ripening period and severely reduced the yield. With respect to the recovery of vegetative tissues, seed set and yield, the drought-tolerant Plainsman V responded significantly better to drought stress than Cappelle Desprez. The reduction in the size of the mature embryos was significantly greater in the sensitive genotype. Compared to Plainsman V, the endosperm cells of Cappelle Desprez accumulated significantly fewer B-type starch granules. In stressed kernels of the tolerant genotype, the accumulation of protein bodies occurred significantly earlier than in the sensitive variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fábián
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
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Balla K, Rakszegi M, Bencze S, Karsai I, Veisz O. Effect of high temperature and drought on the composition of gluten proteins in Martonvásár wheat varieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/aagr.58.2010.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Finding and improving wheat cultivars with good adaptability to abiotic stress is an important objective in breeding programmes. An experiment was set up in the climate chamber of the Martonvásár phytotron to test the effect of heat and drought stress on two winter wheat varieties and one variety of durum. Wheat plants exposed to 35°C and drought during grain filling exhibited altered agronomic and grain quality characteristics. Drought was found to have a much greater influence on yield and quality than heat stress. Reductions in the unextractable polymeric protein fraction and the glutenin-to-gliadin ratio indicated poorer grain yield quality as a result of drought, despite higher protein content. Quality deterioration was observed after drought, while heat stress had no noticeable influence on the protein quality of the three wheat genotypes, measured using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). The durum variety had a better ratio of protein components and a significantly higher Zeleny value when exposed to heat stress, although it had the lowest grain yield and grain/straw ratio.The most significant negative correlation was observed between the Zeleny value and the unextractable polymeric protein (UPP%) fraction after heat treatment and between the relative protein content and the albumin+globulin % (AG%) in the case of drought. These correlations testify that these parameters play an important role in determining the baking quality of wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Balla
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - M. Rakszegi
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - S. Bencze
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - I. Karsai
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - O. Veisz
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
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Shewry PR, Piironen V, Lampi AM, Edelmann M, Kariluoto S, Nurmi T, Fernandez-Orozco R, Andersson AAM, Aman P, Fraś A, Boros D, Gebruers K, Dornez E, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Ravel C, Charmet G, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Ward JL. Effects of genotype and environment on the content and composition of phytochemicals and dietary fiber components in rye in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9372-83. [PMID: 20438063 DOI: 10.1021/jf100053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of genotype and environment on the content of bioactive components in rye were determined with four varieties being grown on one site for three years and on three additional sites in the third year and a fourth variety being included in all trials except year 1. Clear differences were observed in the extent to which the contents of dietary fiber components (arabinoxylan, beta-glucan, total dietary fiber) and phytochemicals (folates, alkylresorcinols, sterols, tocols, phenolic acids) varied between varieties and between the same varieties grown in different sites (United Kingdom, France, Hungary, Poland) and years (2005-2007 in Hungary), with sterols being the most stable and phenolic acids the least. However, no single variety could be selected as having the highest overall level of bioactive components or as being more stable in comparison across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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Gebruers K, Dornez E, Bedõ Z, Rakszegi M, Courtin CM, Delcour JA. Variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9362-9371. [PMID: 20462210 DOI: 10.1021/jf100474m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, TAXI (Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), XIP (xylanase inhibiting protein), and TLXI (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. Xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when xylanases are used to improve processing parameters and product quality. In the present study the variability of xylanase, TAXI, and XIP activities was quantified in different cereals, including different wheat types [common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.), einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.), and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübler)], barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.), and the contribution of genotype and environment to this variability in common wheat was estimated. Substantial differences in xylanase, TAXI, and XIP activities exist between the different cereal types and varieties. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the durum wheat samples show very high xylanase activities compared to the other cereals. High TAXI and XIP activities were measured in, for example, common wheat, spelt wheat, and rye, whereas low activities occur in barley and oat. For wheat, a significant part of the variability in inhibitor levels can be explained by genotype, whereas xylanase activity is most strongly determined by environment. The results obtained suggest that plant breeders and industry to certain extent can select for wheat varieties with high or low xylanase inhibition activities, but the relatively high contribution of the genotype-environment interaction term to the total variability in inhibition activities indicates that TAXI and XIP activities are not very stable breeding parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Gebruers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2463, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Gebruers K, Dornez E, Bedõ Z, Rakszegi M, Frás A, Boros D, Courtin CM, Delcour JA. Environment and genotype effects on the content of dietary fiber and its components in wheat in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9353-61. [PMID: 20462191 DOI: 10.1021/jf100447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Within the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen, the variability of the contents of dietary fiber (DF) and components thereof was studied in wheat. Furthermore, the contribution of genotype and environment to this variability was estimated. The levels of total DF (TDF), total nonstarch polysaccharide (TOTNSP), water-extractable nonstarch polysaccharide (WENSP), total arabinoxylan (TOTAX), lignin, and beta-glucan in whole meal, flour, and/or bran varied approximately 1.8-fold. The highest variability was observed for the water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) level in flour and bran (approximately 3.7-fold). Genotype and environment contributed to a similar extent to the variability in TDF, TOTNSP, and TOTAX content in wheat. The observed relatively high impact of genotype-environment interaction suggests that the levels of these constituents are weak breeding parameters. The WENSP level is a more stable parameter as the effect of the interaction term was much less than the impact of genotype. For TOTAX and WEAX in flour, WEAX in bran, beta-glucan in whole meal, and extract viscosity, wheat genotype determined approximately 50% or higher of the variation observed, whereas the impact of the genotype-environment interaction was relatively low. These findings suggest that the health-related and technological functionality of wheat can be directed to a certain extent by selection of appropriate wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Gebruers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2463, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Shewry PR, Piironen V, Lampi AM, Edelmann M, Kariluoto S, Nurmi T, Fernandez-Orozco R, Ravel C, Charmet G, Andersson AAM, Aman P, Boros D, Gebruers K, Dornez E, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Ward JL. The HEALTHGRAIN wheat diversity screen: effects of genotype and environment on phytochemicals and dietary fiber components. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9291-8. [PMID: 20438061 DOI: 10.1021/jf100039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the contents of bioactive components (tocols, sterols, alkylresorcinols, folates, phenolic acids, and fiber components) in 26 wheat cultivars grown in six site x year combinations showed that the extent of variation due to variety and environment differed significantly between components. The total contents of tocols, sterols, and arabinoxylan fiber were highly heritable and hence an appropriate target for plant breeding. However, significant correlations between the contents of bioactive components and environmental factors (precipitation and temperature) during grain development also occurred, with even highly heritable components differing in amount between grain samples grown in different years on different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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Curtis TY, Powers SJ, Balagiannis D, Elmore JS, Mottram DS, Parry MAJ, Rakszegi M, Bedö Z, Shewry PR, Halford NG. Free amino acids and sugars in rye grain: implications for acrylamide formation. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1959-69. [PMID: 20055414 DOI: 10.1021/jf903577b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide forms from free asparagine and sugars during cooking, and products derived from the grain of cereals, including rye, contribute a large proportion of total dietary intake. In this study, free amino acid and sugar concentrations were measured in the grain of a range of rye varieties grown at locations in Hungary, France, Poland, and the United Kingdom and harvested in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Genetic and environmental (location and harvest year) effects on the levels of acrylamide precursors were assessed. The data showed free asparagine concentration to be the main determinant of acrylamide formation in heated rye flour, as it is in wheat. However, in contrast to wheat, sugar, particularly sucrose, concentration also correlated both with asparagine concentration and with acrylamide formed. Free asparagine concentration was shown to be under genetic (G), environmental (E), and integrated (G x E) control. The same was true for glucose, whereas maltose and fructose were affected mainly by environmental factors and sucrose was largely under genetic control. The ratio of variation due to varieties (genotype) to the total variation (a measure of heritability) for free asparagine concentration in the grain was 23%. Free asparagine concentration was closely associated with bran yield, whereas sugar concentration was associated with low Hagberg falling number. Rye grain was found to contain much higher concentrations of free proline than wheat grain, and less acrylamide formed per unit of asparagine in rye than in wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Y Curtis
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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15
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Tamás C, Kisgyörgy BN, Rakszegi M, Wilkinson MD, Yang MS, Láng L, Tamás L, Bedo Z. Transgenic approach to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nutritional quality. Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:1085-94. [PMID: 19466426 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) albumin gene, encoding the 35-kDa AmA1 protein of the seed, with a high content of essential amino acids, was used in the biolistic transformation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Cadenza. The transformation cassette carried the ama1 gene under the control of a powerful wheat endosperm-specific promoter (1Bx17 HMW-GS). Southern-blot analysis of T(1) lines confirmed the integration of the foreign gene, while RT-PCR and Western-blot analyses of the samples confirmed the transcription and translation of the transgene. The effects of the extra albumin protein on the properties of flour, produced from bulked T(2) seeds, were calculated using total protein and essential amino acid content analysis, polymeric/monomeric protein and HMW/LMW glutenin subunit ratio measurements. The results indicated that not only can essential amino acid content be increased, but some parameters associated with functional quality may also be improved because of the expression of the AmA1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Tamás
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
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17
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Rakszegi M, Wilkinson MD, Tosi P, Lovegrove A, Kovacs G, Bedo Z, Shewry PR. Puroindoline genes and proteins in tetraploid and hexaploid species of Triticum. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Zhao F, Su Y, Dunham S, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, McGrath S, Shewry P. Variation in mineral micronutrient concentrations in grain of wheat lines of diverse origin. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Parry MAJ, Madgwick PJ, Bayon C, Tearall K, Hernandez-Lopez A, Baudo M, Rakszegi M, Hamada W, Al-Yassin A, Ouabbou H, Labhilili M, Phillips AL. Mutation discovery for crop improvement. J Exp Bot 2009; 60:2817-25. [PMID: 19516074 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields to ensure food security is a major challenge. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement and is free of the regulatory restrictions imposed on genetically modified organisms. The forward genetic approach enables the identification of improved or novel phenotypes that can be exploited in conventional breeding programmes. Powerful reverse genetic strategies that allow the detection of induced point mutations in individuals of the mutagenized populations can address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the biological function of genes and can also identify novel variation for plant breeding. This review briefly discusses recent advances in the detection of mutants and the potential of mutagenesis for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A J Parry
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK.
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20
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Nyström L, Lampi AM, Andersson AAM, Kamal-Eldin A, Gebruers K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Li L, Ward JL, Fraś A, Boros D, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Shewry PR, Piironen V. Phytochemicals and dietary fiber components in rye varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:9758-66. [PMID: 18921976 DOI: 10.1021/jf801065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ten rye varieties grown in one location were analyzed for their contents of dietary fiber (arabinoxylan and beta-glucan) and phytochemicals (folate, tocols, phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, and sterols). The varieties included old and modern varieties from five European countries. Significant differences were observed in the contents of all phytochemicals in whole grains and in the fiber contents in the flour and bran. The old French varieties Haute Loire and Queyras had high contents of most phytochemicals, whereas the Polish varieties Dankowskie-Zlote and Warko were relatively poor in phytochemicals. The varieties with a high content of folate tended to have low alkylresorcinol contents and vice versa. Furthermore, high contents of arabinoxylans were associated with high contents in tocols and sterols. The 10 selected rye samples comprising old populations and old and modern varieties from different ecological regions of Europe demonstrate high natural variation in their composition and show that landraces and old populations are useful genetic resources for plant breeding. The contents of single phytochemicals can likely be affected by breeding, and they may be adjusted by the right selection of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nyström
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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21
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Rakszegi M, Boros D, Kuti C, Láng L, Bedo Z, Shewry PR. Composition and end-use quality of 150 wheat lines selected for the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:9750-7. [PMID: 18921975 DOI: 10.1021/jf8009359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The HEALTHGRAIN program is focused on developing new healthy food products based on wholegrains of wheat and other cereals, by combining enhanced nutritional quality with good agronomic performance and processing quality. A sample set comprising 130 winter and 20 spring wheat varieties was therefore selected to identify the range of variation in a number of phytochemical and dietary fiber components. These lines were also analyzed for their technological properties (protein and gluten contents, Zeleny sedimentation, bran yield, kernel hardness, etc.), using samples grown on adjacent sites for two successive seasons (2004-2005, 2005-2006). On the basis of the frequency distribution and principal component analysis it was concluded that significant variation for technological quality traits is present in the 150 wheat lines and that it is possible to combine enhanced nutritional quality with good agronomic performance and processing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Rakszegi
- Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
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Shewry PR, Piironen V, Lampi AM, Nyström L, Li L, Rakszegi M, Fraś A, Boros D, Gebruers K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Andersson AAM, Dimberg L, Bedo Z, Ward JL. Phytochemical and fiber components in oat varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:9777-84. [PMID: 18921980 DOI: 10.1021/jf801880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The levels and compositions of a range of phytochemicals (sterols, tocols, avenanthramides, folates, phenolic acids) and dietary fiber components were determined in five oat cultivars (four husked and one naked) grown on a single site in 2005. The total levels of tocols, phenolic acids, and avenanthramides varied by over 2-fold between cultivars, but less variation occurred in total sterols and total folates. Limited variation was also observed in the dietary fiber content and composition of the four husked lines. These results indicate that it may be possible to selectively breed for lines with high contents of dietary fiber and specific groups of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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23
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Andersson AAM, Lampi AM, Nyström L, Piironen V, Li L, Ward JL, Gebruers K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Boros D, Fraś A, Dynkowska W, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Shewry PR, Aman P. Phytochemical and dietary fiber components in barley varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:9767-76. [PMID: 18921979 DOI: 10.1021/jf802037f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ten different barley varieties grown in one location were studied for their content of tocols, folate, plant sterols, alkylresorcinols, and phenolic acids, as well as dietary fiber components (arabinoxylan and beta-glucan). The samples included hulled and hull-less barley types and types with normal, high-amylose, and waxy starch. The aim was to study the composition of raw materials, and therefore the hulls were not removed from the hulled barleys. A large variation was observed in the contents of all phytochemicals and dietary fibers. Two varieties from the INRA Clermont Ferrand barley program in France (CFL93-149 and CFL98-398) had high content of tocopherols and alkylresorcinols, whereas the variety Dicktoo was highest in dietary fiber content and phenolics. Positive correlations were found between 1000 kernel weight, alkylresorcinols, and tocols, as well as between dietary fiber content and phenolic compounds. The results demonstrate that the levels of phytochemicals in barley can likely be affected by breeding and that the contents of single phytochemicals may easily be adjusted by a right selection of a genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica A M Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Gebruers K, Dornez E, Boros D, Fraś A, Dynkowska W, Bedo Z, Rakszegi M, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. Variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in wheats in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:9740-9. [PMID: 18921978 DOI: 10.1021/jf800975w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Within the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screening program, the variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in different types of wheat was studied. The wheat types were winter (131 varieties) and spring (20 varieties) wheats (both Triticum aestivum L., also referred to as common wheats), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf., 10 varieties), spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L., 5 varieties), einkorn wheat (T. monococcum L., 5 varieties), and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schubler, 5 varieties). Common wheats contained, on average, the highest level of dietary fiber [11.5-18.3% of dry matter (dm)], whereas einkorn and emmer wheats contained the lowest level (7.2-12.8% of dm). Intermediate levels were measured in durum and spelt wheats (10.7-15.5% of dm). Also, on the basis of the arabinoxylan levels in bran, the different wheat types could be divided this way, with ranges of 12.7-22.1% of dm for common wheats, 6.1-14.4% of dm for einkorn and emmer wheats, and 10.9-13.9% of dm for durum and spelt wheats. On average, bran arabinoxylan made up ca. 29% of the total dietary fiber content of wheat. In contrast to what was the case for bran, the arabinoxylan levels in flour were comparable between the different types of wheat. For wheat, in general, they varied between 1.35 and 2.75% of dm. Einkorn, emmer, and durum wheats contained about half the level of mixed-linkage beta-glucan (0.25-0.45% of dm) present in winter, spring, and spelt wheats (0.50-0.95% of dm). All wheat types had Klason lignin, the levels of which varied from 1.40 to 3.25% of dm. The arabinoxylan contents in bran and the dietary fiber contents in wholemeal were inversely and positively related with bran yield, respectively. Aqueous wholemeal extract viscosity, a measure for the level of soluble dietary fiber, was determined to large extent by the level of water-extractable arabinoxylan. In conclusion, the present study revealed substantial variation in the contents of dietary fiber and constituents thereof between different wheat types and varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Gebruers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2463, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Ward JL, Poutanen K, Gebruers K, Piironen V, Lampi AM, Nyström L, Andersson AAM, Aman P, Boros D, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, Shewry PR. The HEALTHGRAIN Cereal Diversity Screen: concept, results, and prospects. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:9699-709. [PMID: 18921969 DOI: 10.1021/jf8009574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and fifty bread wheat lines and 50 other lines of small-grain cereals (spelt, durum wheat, Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum, oats, rye, and barley) were selected for diversity in their geographical origin, age, and characteristics. They were grown on a single site in Hungary in 2004-2005, harvested, milled, and analyzed for a range of phytochemicals (tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates, alkylresorcinols) and fiber components that are considered to have health benefits. Detailed analyses of these components in the different species are reported in a series of accompanying papers. The present paper discusses the comparative levels of the bioactive components in the different species, showing differences in both ranges and mean amounts. Furthermore, detailed comparisons of the bread wheat lines show that it is possible to identify lines in which high levels of phytochemicals and dietary fiber components are combined with good yield and processing quality. This means that commercially competitive lines with high levels of bioactive components are a realistic goal for plant breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Ward
- Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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26
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Rakszegi M, Pastori G, Jones H, Békés F, Butow B, Láng L, Bedo˝ Z, Shewry P. Technological quality of field grown transgenic lines of commercial wheat cultivars expressing the 1Ax1 HMW glutenin subunit gene. J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rakszegi M, Békés F, Láng L, Tamás L, Shewry P, Bedő Z. Technological quality of transgenic wheat expressing an increased amount of a HMW glutenin subunit. J Cereal Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rakszegi M, Batey IL, Vida G, Juhász A, Bedő Z, Morell MK. Starch Properties in Different Lines of an old Hungarian Wheat Variety, Bánkúti 1201. STARCH-STARKE 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/star.200300197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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