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Babinet MN, Demily C, Gobin E, Laurent C, Maillet T, Michael GA. The Time Course of Information Processing During Eye Direction Perception. Exp Psychol 2023; 70:324-335. [PMID: 38602119 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Gaze directed at the observer (direct gaze) is a highly salient social signal. Despite the existence of a preferential orientation toward direct gaze, none of the studies carried out so far seem to have explicitly studied the time course of information processing during gaze direction judgment. In an eye direction judgment task, participants were presented with a sketch of a face. A temporal asynchrony was introduced between the presentation of the eyes and that of the rest of the face. Indeed, the face could be presented before the eyes, the eyes could be presented before the face, or the face and the eyes could be presented simultaneously. In a second time, the face direction was also manipulated. The results suggest that the time course of information processing during eye direction judgment follows a continuum that makes it possible to perceive the eyes first and then to use the facial context to judge the direction of gaze. Furthermore, the congruency between the direction of gaze and that of the face confirms this observation. Although these results are discussed in the light of existing theories about the mechanisms underlying gaze processing, our data provide new information suggesting that, despite their power to capture attention, the eyes probably have to stand out from a more general spatial configuration (i.e., the face) in order for their direction to be adequately processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Babinet
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence Autisme iMIND, Le Vinatier Etablissement Lyonnais référent en psychiatrie et santé mentale, UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Sciences Cognitives, Psychologie Cognitive & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumiére Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence Autisme iMIND, Le Vinatier Etablissement Lyonnais référent en psychiatrie et santé mentale, UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Eloïse Gobin
- Département de Sciences Cognitives, Psychologie Cognitive & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumiére Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Clémence Laurent
- Département de Sciences Cognitives, Psychologie Cognitive & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumiére Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Maillet
- Département de Sciences Cognitives, Psychologie Cognitive & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumiére Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - George A Michael
- Département de Sciences Cognitives, Psychologie Cognitive & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumiére Lyon 2, Lyon, France
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Babinet MN, Thomas N, Pons L, Schluth-Bolard C, Sanlaville D, Demily C. Chromosomal rearrangement in the 22q11.2 region: a critical locus for sociability and attentional skills. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:202-205. [PMID: 37706496 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangements of 22q11.2 region, most often deletions and duplications, are responsible for multiple congenital disorders. These rearrangements are involved in syndromes that share some phenotypic similarities. To date, 22q11.2 triplication remains very rare, with few cases described in the literature. Here, we report for the first time the clinical, neurocognitive, social cognition and psychiatric properties of a 6-year-old child with 22q11.2 triplication, in comparison with a patient with 22q11.2 duplication and 16 cases of patients with 22q11.2 deletion. Chromosomal region 22q11.2 seems to be a critical locus for sociability and attentional skills and rearrangements could be interpreted as a predisposing factor for the development of psychotic symptoms (22q11.2 deletion), a protective factor (22q11.2 duplication) or a tendency factor for hypersociability (22q11.2 triplication).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Babinet
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence autisme iMIND, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France et UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1
- Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendes-France, 69676 Bron cedex, France
| | - Nadine Thomas
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence autisme iMIND, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France et UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1
| | - Linda Pons
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence autisme iMIND, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France et UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cytogénétique, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, Valence, France
| | - Caroline Schluth-Bolard
- Genetics Department, GH Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence autisme iMIND, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France et UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1
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Babinet MN, Demily C, Michael GA. A new scale for the screening of childhood early psychotic symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115418. [PMID: 37598627 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a new scale, the Early Psychotic Symptoms screening scale (EPSy), to assess the prodromes of psychotic symptoms in children aged 4 to 13 years. Two versions were proposed: one to assess the child's current behavior and one to assess the child's behavior when he/she was 2 years old. The second aim of this study was to investigate the presence of these symptoms at the age of 2 years and their evolution up to the child's current age. The analysis of EPSy identified three main factors, namely mistrust/paranoia, perceptual aberrations/hallucinations and disorganized symptoms. It has good psychometric properties. Data also shows that, independently of the participant's age, the total score on the 2-years-old version predicts the total score on the current-age version, and this is also the case for each individual factor. Finally, it is of clinical interest since it makes it possible to describe symptomatology both at age 2 and at the child's present age depending on the group to which the children are assigned (control children, psychotic children, non-psychotic children).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Babinet
- Centre de Rérence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence Autisme iMIND, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1, 95 Boulevard Pinel, Bron 69500, France; Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendes-France, Bron 69676 CEDEX, France.
| | - Caroline Demily
- Centre de Rérence Maladies Rares Troubles du Comportement d'Origine Génétique (GénoPsy Lyon), Centre d'excellence Autisme iMIND, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1, 95 Boulevard Pinel, Bron 69500, France
| | - George A Michael
- Unité de Recherche Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendes-France, Bron 69676 CEDEX, France
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Peyroux E, Babinet MN, Cannarsa C, Madelaine C, Favre E, Demily C, Michael GA. What do error patterns in processing facial expressions, social interaction scenes and vocal prosody tell us about the way social cognition works in children with 22q11.2DS? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:299-313. [PMID: 31123832 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in social cognition have been frequently described in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and are thought to be a hallmark of difficulties in social interactions. The present study addresses aspects that are critical for everyday social cognitive functioning but have received little attention so far. Sixteen children with 22q11.2DS and 22 controls completed 1 task of facial expression recognition, 1 task of attribution of facial expressions to faceless characters involved in visually presented social interactions, and 1 task of attribution of facial expressions to characters involved in aurally presented dialogues. All three tasks have in common to involve processing of emotions. All participants also completed two tasks of attention and two tasks of visual spatial perception, and their parents completed some scales regarding behavioural problems of their children. Patients performed worse than controls in all three tasks of emotion processing, and even worse in the second and third tasks. However, they performed above chance level in all three tasks, and the results were independent of IQ, age and gender. The analysis of error patterns suggests that patients tend to coarsely categorize situations as either attractive or repulsive and also that they have difficulties in differentiating emotions that are associated with threats. An isolated association between the tasks of emotion and behaviour was found, showing that the more frequently patients with 22q11.2DS perceive happiness where there is not, the less they exhibit aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Peyroux
- GénoPsy, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Le Vinatier Hospital, 95 Bd Pinel, Bron, France.,EDRPsy, UMR 5229, CNRS, 67 Bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Babinet
- GénoPsy, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Le Vinatier Hospital, 95 Bd Pinel, Bron, France.,EDRPsy, UMR 5229, CNRS, 67 Bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Costanza Cannarsa
- GénoPsy, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Le Vinatier Hospital, 95 Bd Pinel, Bron, France.,EDRPsy, UMR 5229, CNRS, 67 Bd Pinel, Bron, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire D'Étude Des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Charline Madelaine
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire D'Étude Des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Psychologie de Caen Normandie PALM (EA 7452), Université Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Emilie Favre
- GénoPsy, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Le Vinatier Hospital, 95 Bd Pinel, Bron, France.,EDRPsy, UMR 5229, CNRS, 67 Bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- GénoPsy, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Le Vinatier Hospital, 95 Bd Pinel, Bron, France.,EDRPsy, UMR 5229, CNRS, 67 Bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - George A Michael
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Laboratoire D'Étude Des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France.
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Poisson A, Schluth Bolard C, Martin B, Babinet MN, Sanlaville D, Demily C. 16q12.2q21: A new susceptibility locus for schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2016; 178:109-111. [PMID: 27617415 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Poisson
- GénoPsy, Center for Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France.
| | - C Schluth Bolard
- HCL, Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies and Malformation Syndromes, Bron, France; GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR529, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - B Martin
- SUR/CL3R, UMR 5229 (CNRS & Lyon 1 University) CH le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - M N Babinet
- GénoPsy, Center for Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France
| | - D Sanlaville
- HCL, Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies and Malformation Syndromes, Bron, France; GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR529, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - C Demily
- GénoPsy, Center for Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France
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