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Namina A, Kazarina A, Lazovska M, Akopjana S, Ulanova V, Kivrane A, Freimane L, Sadovska D, Kimsis J, Bormane A, Capligina V, Ranka R. Comparative Microbiome Analysis of Three Epidemiologically Important Tick Species in Latvia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1970. [PMID: 37630527 PMCID: PMC10458549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amplicon-based 16S rRNA profiling is widely used to study whole communities of prokaryotes in many niches. Here, we comparatively examined the microbial composition of three tick species, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which were field-collected in Latvia. (2) Methods: Tick DNA samples were used for microbiome analysis targeting bacterial 16S rDNA using next-generation sequencing (NGS). (3) Results: The results showed significant differences in microbial species diversity and composition by tick species and life stage. A close similarity between microbiomes of I. ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks was observed, while the D. reticulatus microbiome composition appeared to be more distinct. Significant differences in alpha and beta microbial diversity were observed between Ixodes tick life stages and sexes, with lower taxa richness indexes obtained for female ticks. The Francisella genus was closely associated with D. reticulatus ticks, while endosymbionts Candidatus Midichlorii and Candidatus Lariskella were associated with I. ricinus and I. persulcatus females, respectively. In I. ricinus females, the endosymbiont load negatively correlated with the presence of the Rickettsia genus. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study revealed important associations between ticks and their microbial community and highlighted the microbiome features of three tick species in Latvia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (S.A.); (V.U.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (V.C.)
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Erenpreisa J, Vainshelbaum NM, Lazovska M, Karklins R, Salmina K, Zayakin P, Rumnieks F, Inashkina I, Pjanova D, Erenpreiss J. The Price of Human Evolution: Cancer-Testis Antigens, the Decline in Male Fertility and the Increase in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11660. [PMID: 37511419 PMCID: PMC10380301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of general and particularly male cancer coupled with the reduction in male fertility seen worldwide motivated us to seek a potential evolutionary link between these two phenomena, concerning the reproductive transcriptional modules observed in cancer and the expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA). The phylostratigraphy analysis of the human genome allowed us to link the early evolutionary origin of cancer via the reproductive life cycles of the unicellulars and early multicellulars, potentially driving soma-germ transition, female meiosis, and the parthenogenesis of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), with the expansion of the CTA multi-families, very late during their evolution. CTA adaptation was aided by retrovirus domestication in the unstable genomes of mammals, for protecting male fertility in stress conditions, particularly that of humans, as compensation for the energy consumption of a large complex brain which also exploited retrotransposition. We found that the early and late evolutionary branches of human cancer are united by the immunity-proto-placental network, which evolved in the Cambrian and shares stress regulators with the finely-tuned sex determination system. We further propose that social stress and endocrine disruption caused by environmental pollution with organic materials, which alter sex determination in male foetuses and further spermatogenesis in adults, bias the development of PGCC-parthenogenetic cancer by default.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Lazovska
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Karklins
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Salmina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Felikss Rumnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Erenpreiss
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Clinic iVF-Riga, Zala 1, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
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Lidaka L, Bekere L, Lazdane G, Lazovska M, Dzivite-Krisane I, Gailite L. Role of Single Nucleotide Variants in the YAP1 Gene in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071688. [PMID: 35884992 PMCID: PMC9312887 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women. It can manifest in adolescence, affecting up to 8% of adolescents. Long-term health consequences characteristic of PCOS are impaired fertility, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. All of these sequelae are exacerbated by increased body weight, a major feature of PCOS. The protein encoded by the YAP1 gene plays a key role in one of the pivotal mechanisms that govern cellular/organismal metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Aim: To compare the prevalence of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the YAP1 gene among adolescents with PCOS, adolescents at risk of PCOS development and healthy adolescents, and assess their association with the clinical characteristics of PCOS. Results: The frequencies of the five investigated YAP1 gene SNVs (rs11225161, rs11225166, rs3858420, rs11225138 and rs79981660) were not significantly different among adolescents with PCOS, risk group patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, none of the SNVs contributed to the clinical characteristics of adolescents with PCOS and adolescents at risk of PCOS development. Conclusions: No significant associations were found between PCOS in adolescents and the five investigated SNVs in the YAP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasma Lidaka
- Department of Paediatric Gynaecology, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Laine Bekere
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gunta Lazdane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Iveta Dzivite-Krisane
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Linda Gailite
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.L.); (L.G.)
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Capligina V, Seleznova M, Akopjana S, Freimane L, Lazovska M, Krumins R, Kivrane A, Namina A, Aleinikova D, Kimsis J, Kazarina A, Igumnova V, Bormane A, Ranka R. Large-scale countrywide screening for tick-borne pathogens in field-collected ticks in Latvia during 2017-2019. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:351. [PMID: 32665019 PMCID: PMC7362577 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne diseases are of substantial concern worldwide in both humans and animals. Several hard tick species are of medical and veterinary interest in Europe, and changes in the range of tick species can affect the spread of zoonotic pathogens. The aim of the present study was to map the current prevalence and distribution pattern of ticks and related tick-borne pathogens in Latvia, a Baltic state in northern Europe. Methods Nearly 4600 Ixodes ricinus, I. persulcatus and Dermacentor reticulatus tick samples were collected in all regions of Latvia during 2017–2019 and were screened by molecular methods to reveal the prevalence and distribution pattern of a wide spectrum of tick-borne pathogens. Results New localities of D. reticulatus occurrence were found in western and central Latvia, including the Riga region, indicating that the northern border of D. reticulatus in Europe has moved farther to the north. Among the analyzed ticks, 33.42% carried at least one tick-borne pathogen, and 5.55% of tick samples were positive for two or three pathogens. A higher overall prevalence of tick-borne pathogens was observed in I. ricinus (34.92%) and I. persulcatus (31.65%) than in D. reticulatus (24.2%). The molecular analysis revealed the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus, Babesia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. Overall, 15 and 7 tick-borne pathogen species were detected in Ixodes spp. and D. reticulatus ticks, respectively. This is the first report of Borrelia miyamotoi in Latvian field-collected ticks. Conclusions This large-scale countrywide study provides a snapshot of the current distribution patterns of Ixodes and Dermacentor ticks in Latvia and gives us a reliable overview of tick-borne pathogens in Latvian field-collected ticks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Seleznova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lauma Freimane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Rudolfs Krumins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Darja Aleinikova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Kimsis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alisa Kazarina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Igumnova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Antra Bormane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, Latvia.
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Seleznova M, Kivrane A, Namina A, Krumins R, Aleinikova D, Lazovska M, Akopjana S, Capligina V, Ranka R. Babesiosis in Latvian domestic dogs, 2016-2019. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101459. [PMID: 32723644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is tick-borne infection that represents a major veterinary issue in Central and Eastern Europe with a tendency to expand northwards. The first published report in Latvia about autochthonous cases of babesiosis in domestic dogs with no travel history was in 2013, and to the best of our knowledge, no other studies on this issue have been published to date. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence and clinical manifestations of babesiosis in Latvian domestic dogs with a history of tick exposure to determine the extent to which Babesia sp. causes the disease and to map outbreaks in Latvia. From 2016 to 2019, blood samples from dogs were collected, and molecular testing was performed by nested PCR using Babesia sp.-specific primers. In total, 43 of 262 samples were Babesia canis-positive. A seasonal pattern was observed for the outbreaks, as the majority of B. canis-positive samples (98%) were submitted between April and June, and there was a single canine babesiosis case recorded in October. Nearly half of the cases (46.5%) were recorded in the capital, Riga, and other cases were recorded in southern and western parts of Latvia. Clinical signs were consistent with typical manifestations of acute canine babesiosis; most common hematological changes were thrombocytopenia (89%) and normocytic normochromic anemia (69%). Blood smear microscopy was positive for 79% of cases. Two B. canis genotypes were distinguished on the basis of two nucleotide (GA → AG) substitutions in the 18S rRNA gene at positions 610/611; however, no relationship between the genotypes and the severity of the disease was found. In conclusion, canine babesiosis has become an endemic disease in the southern and western regions of Latvia and is caused solely by the large babesia species B. canis. Awareness among veterinarians and pet owners regarding the disease should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Seleznova
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Rudolfs Krumins
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Aleinikova
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical and Research Centre, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Rīga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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Namina A, Capligina V, Seleznova M, Krumins R, Aleinikova D, Kivrane A, Akopjana S, Lazovska M, Berzina I, Ranka R. Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs, Latvia, 2011-2016. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:398. [PMID: 31694625 PMCID: PMC6836430 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different tick species are able to transmit different pathogens, and tick-borne diseases are of substantial concern worldwide for both humans and animals. Environmental changes and changes in the range of tick species, including Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe, can affect the spread of zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from dogs in Latvia, and to explore possible changes between years 2011 and 2016. RESULTS In 2011, only Ixodes ticks (221 Ixodes ricinus and 22 Ixodes persulcatus) were collected from dogs, while in 2016 tick samples belonged to Ixodes ricinus (360), Ixodes persulcatus (2) and Dermacentor reticulatus (27) species. In total, 35.8 and 40.0% of adult ticks were pathogen-positive in 2011 and 2016, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The molecular analysis indicated the presence of 13 tick-borne microorganisms; the most prevalent pathogen was Rickettsia, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group spirochetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia species. Borrelia miyamotoi was also present. A co-infection with two and three tick-borne pathogens was detected in 7.9 and 7.4% of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, respectively. The results of this study confirmed that the spread of novel vectors could bring additional risk of exposure to novel emerging pathogens to pets and their owners, as both Babesia canis and Rickettsia raoultii were shown to be highly associated with Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Latvia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential danger from the inadvertent introduction of novel disease pathogens and vectors. Awareness of co-infections and Dermacentor reticulatus-related pathogens needs to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Namina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Maija Seleznova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Rudolfs Krumins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Aleinikova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | | | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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