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Curtis MW, Fierros CH, Hahn BL, Surdel MC, Kessler J, Anderson PN, Vandewalle-Capo M, Bonde M, Zhu J, Bergström S, Coburn J. Identification of amino acid domains of Borrelia burgdorferi P66 that are surface exposed and important for localization, oligomerization, and porin function of the protein. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991689. [PMID: 36211976 PMCID: PMC9539438 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
P66, a bifunctional integral outer membrane protein, is necessary for Borrelia burgdorferi to establish initial infection and to disseminate in mice. The integrin binding function of P66 facilitates extravasation and dissemination, but the role of its porin function during murine infection has not been investigated. A limitation to studying P66 porin function during mammalian infection has been the lack of structural information for P66. In this study, we experimentally characterized specific domains of P66 with regard to structure and function. First, we aligned the amino acid sequences of P66 from Lyme disease-causing Borrelia and relapsing fever-causing Borrelia to identify conserved and unique domains between these disease-causing clades. Then, we examined whether specific domains of P66 are exposed on the surface of the bacteria by introducing c-Myc epitope tags into each domain of interest. The c-Myc epitope tag inserted C-terminally to E33 (highly conserved domain), to T187 (integrin binding region domain and a non-conserved domain), and to E334 (non-conserved domain) were all detected on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi. The c-Myc epitope tag inserted C-terminally to E33 and D303 in conserved domains disrupted P66 oligomerization and porin function. In a murine model of infection, the E33 and D303 mutants exhibited decreased infectivity and dissemination. Taken together, these results suggest the importance of these conserved domains, and potentially P66 porin function, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Curtis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christa H. Fierros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Beth L. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew C. Surdel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Julie Kessler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Phillip N. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Marine Vandewalle-Capo
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mari Bonde
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sven Bergström
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenifer Coburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Capo E, Peterson BD, Kim M, Jones DS, Acinas SG, Amyot M, Bertilsson S, Björn E, Buck M, Cosio C, Elias DA, Gilmour C, Goñi Urriza MS, Gu B, Lin H, Liu YR, McMahon K, Moreau JW, Pinhassi J, Podar M, Puente-Sánchez F, Sánchez P, Storck V, Tada Y, Vigneron A, Walsh D, Vandewalle-Capo M, Bravo AG, Gionfriddo C. A consensus protocol for the recovery of mercury methylation genes from metagenomes. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 23:190-204. [PMID: 35839241 PMCID: PMC10087281 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) methylation genes (hgcAB) mediate the formation of the toxic methylmercury and have been identified from diverse environments, including freshwater and marine ecosystems, Arctic permafrost, forest and paddy soils, coal-ash amended sediments, chlor-alkali plants discharges and geothermal springs. Here we present the first attempt at a standardized protocol for the detection, identification and quantification of hgc genes from metagenomes. Our Hg-MATE (Hg-cycling Microorganisms in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems) database, a catalogue of hgc genes, provides the most accurate information to date on the taxonomic identity and functional/metabolic attributes of microorganisms responsible for Hg methylation in the environment. Furthermore, we introduce "marky-coco", a ready-to-use bioinformatic pipeline based on de novo single-metagenome assembly, for easy and accurate characterization of hgc genes from environmental samples. We compared the recovery of hgc genes from environmental metagenomes using the marky-coco pipeline with an approach based on co-assembly of multiple metagenomes. Our data show similar efficiency in both approaches for most environments except those with high diversity (i.e., paddy soils) for which a co-assembly approach was preferred. Finally, we discuss the definition of true hgc genes and methods to normalize hgc gene counts from metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Capo
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin D Peterson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Minjae Kim
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 87801, Socorro, NM, USA.,National Cave and Karst Research Institute, 88220, Carlsbad, NM, USA
| | - Silvia G Acinas
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Amyot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 5J9, Canada
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Björn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moritz Buck
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Cosio
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | - Cynthia Gilmour
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 21037, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | | | - Baohua Gu
- Oak Ridge National Lab, 37830, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Heyu Lin
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Katherine McMahon
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John W Moreau
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8RZ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jarone Pinhassi
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, 39231, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mircea Podar
- Oak Ridge National Lab, 37830, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pablo Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Veronika Storck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 5J9, Canada
| | - Yuya Tada
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Department of Environment and Public Health, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Adrien Vigneron
- University of Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, 64000, France
| | - David Walsh
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4BIR6, Canada
| | - Marine Vandewalle-Capo
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea G Bravo
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
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