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Wargulski DR, Xu K, Hempel H, Flatken MA, Albrecht S, Abou-Ras D. Relationship between the Annealing Temperature and the Presence of PbI 2 Platelets at the Surfaces of Slot-Die-Coated Triple-Halide Perovskite Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41516-41524. [PMID: 37626018 PMCID: PMC10485798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated triple-halide perovskite (THP) absorber layers with 5 mol % MAPbCl3 added to the double-halide perovskite (Cs0.22FA0.78)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. As a deposition method, a highly scalable printing technique, slot-die coating, with a subsequent annealing step was used. We found a strong power conversion efficiency (PCE) dependence of the corresponding solar cells on the annealing temperature. The device performance deteriorated when increasing the annealing temperature from 125 to 170 °C, mainly via losses in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and in the fill factor (FF). To understand the mechanisms behind this performance loss, extensive characterizations were performed on both, the THP thin films and the completed solar-cell stacks, as a function of annealing temperature. Correlative scanning electron microscopy analyses, i.e., electron backscatter diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence, in addition to X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence, confirmed the presence of PbI2 platelets on the surface of the THP thin films. Moreover, the area fraction of the PbI2 platelets on the film surface increased with increasing annealing temperature. The deteriorated device performance when the annealing temperature is increased from 125 to 170 °C is explained by the increased series resistance and increased interface recombination caused by the PbI2 platelets, leading to decreased Voc and FF values of the solar-cell devices. Thus, the correlative analyses provided insight into microscopic origins of the efficiency losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan R. Wargulski
- Helmholtz-
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Xu
- Helmholtz-
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Hempel
- Helmholtz-
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion A. Flatken
- Helmholtz-
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz-
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Abou-Ras
- Helmholtz-
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Aktas E, Pudi R, Phung N, Wenisch R, Gregori L, Meggiolaro D, Flatken MA, De Angelis F, Lauermann I, Abate A, Palomares E. Role of Terminal Group Position in Triphenylamine-Based Self-Assembled Hole-Selective Molecules in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:17461-17469. [PMID: 35385253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) as a charge selective layer in perovskite solar cells has gained tremendous attention. As a result, highly efficient and stable devices have been released with stand-alone SAMs binding ITO substrates. However, further structural understanding of the effect of SAM in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is required. Herein, three triphenylamine-based molecules with differently positioned methoxy substituents have been synthesized that can self-assemble onto the metal oxide layers that selectively extract holes. They have been effectively employed in p-i-n PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of up to 20%. We found that the perovskite deposited onto SAMs made by para- and ortho-substituted hole selective contacts provides large grain thin film formation increasing the power conversion efficiencies. Density functional theory predicts that para- and ortho-substituted position SAMs might form a well-ordered structure by improving the SAM's arrangement and in consequence enhancing its stability on the metal oxide surface. We believe this result will be a benchmark for the design of further SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Aktas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- Departament de Química-Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Rajesh Pudi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Nga Phung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Wenisch
- PVcomB/Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Schwarzschildstraße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Gregori
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marion A Flatken
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Dhahran 34754 Saudi Arabia
| | - Iver Lauermann
- PVcomB/Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Schwarzschildstraße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Italy
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig LLuís Companys 23, E-08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Pascual J, Di Girolamo D, Flatken MA, Aldamasy MH, Li G, Li M, Abate A. Frontispiece: Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites. Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202281262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Marion A. Flatken
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Mahmoud H. Aldamasy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute 11727 Cairo Egypt
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials Henan University 475004 Kaifeng China
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II 80125 Naples Italy
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Pascual J, Di Girolamo D, Flatken MA, Aldamasy MH, Li G, Li M, Abate A. Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103919. [PMID: 34878203 PMCID: PMC9302133 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In 2020 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the ever‐present solvent for tin halide perovskites, was identified as an oxidant for SnII. Nonetheless, alternatives are lacking and few efforts have been devoted to replacing it. To understand this trend it is indispensable to learn the importance of DMSO on the development of tin halide perovskites. Its unique properties have allowed processing compact thin‐films to be integrated into tin perovskite solar cells. Creative approaches for controlling the perovskite crystallization or increasing its stability to oxidation have been developed relying on DMSO‐based inks. However, increasingly sophisticated strategies appear to lead the field to a plateau of power conversion efficiency in the range of 10–15 %. And, while DMSO‐based formulations have performed in encouraging means so far, we should also start considering their potential limitations. In this concept article, we discuss the benefits and limitations of DMSO‐based tin perovskite processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, SE-AMIP, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, ITALY
| | - Marion A Flatken
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, SE-AMIP, GERMANY
| | - Mahmoud H Aldamasy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, SE-AMIP, GERMANY
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, SE-AMIP, GERMANY
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, SE-AMIP, GERMANY
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, SE-AMIP, GERMANY
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion A. Flatken
- 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin J. Huber
- 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido J. Reiss
- 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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